整合微生物组菌剂对番茄植株生长及根际细菌群落多样性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0936

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究整合微生物组菌剂（整合菌剂）对番茄植株生长的影响，采用大棚基质栽培法，设置种植过一茬番茄的旧基质（TA）、旧基质+10%整合微生物组菌剂（TB）和未种植过番茄的新基质（TC）共3个处理，测定不同处理下番茄植株的生长及根际细菌群落多样性。结果表明，与TA处理相比，TB处理能够显著促进番茄植株生长，但对旧基质的营养状况无显著改善，因此使用时应配合其他（生物）有机肥等，以改善基质微生物种群结构和营养水平。采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析番茄根部基质中细菌群落多样性，共检测到细菌40门、121纲、291目、438科和748属，丰度最高的菌门是变形菌门（35.24%~38.25%），其次为放线菌门（13.20%~20.60%）；TB处理显著提高了放线菌门的丰度，降低了厚壁菌门的丰度，但对基质细菌群落的多样性和丰富度影响较小。放线菌门和变形菌门与基质全钾、全氮和有机质含量呈正相关，与总磷和pH呈负相关；厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门与总磷和pH呈正相关，与全钾、全氮和有机质含量呈负相关。基质理化因子中的pH、全氮、总磷和全钾含量对基质细菌群落结构影响显著，其中全氮是影响基质细菌门水平群落结构的最重要环境因子。因此，在番茄基质重复使用过程中，整合微生物组菌剂应配合施用适量的氮肥，有利于提高基质养分含量及改善基质微生物群落结构，进而保障番茄基质生态系统的良好发展。

关键词: 整合微生物组菌剂, 番茄, 根际细菌, 群落多样性

Abstract:

To study the effect of integrated microbiome agent （IMA） on tomato plant growth， using greenhouse substrate cultivation method， 3 treatments were set including old substrate （TA）， old substrate+10% IMA and new substrate （TC）. The growth of tomato and rhizosphere bacterial community diversity under different treatments were determined. The results showed that， compared with TA treatment， TB treatment significantly promoted the growth of tomato plant， but had little effect on the nutritional status of old substrate. Therefore， IMA should be used in conjunction with other （biological） organic fertilizers to improve the microbial population structure and nutritional composition of the substrate. A total of 40 phyla， 121 classes， 291 orders， 438 families and 748 genera were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology， and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phyla with relative abundance 35.24%-38.25%， Actinomycetes （13.20%~20.60%） followed. TB treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinomycetes， and decreased the abundance of Firmicutes， but had little effect on the diversity and richness of bacterial community in substrate. Actinomyces and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with total potassium， total nitrogen and organic matter contents， but negatively correlated with total phosphorus content and pH. Firmicutes， Chloromyces and Acidobacteria were positively correlated with the total phosphorus content and pH， and negatively correlated with the contents of total potassium， total nitrogen and organic matter. Among the substrate physical and chemical factors， the pH， total nitrogen， total phosphorus and total potassium contents had significant effects on the bacterial community， and total nitrogen was the most important environmental factor. Therefore， during the repeated use of tomato substrate， the application of IMA should be combined with the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer， which should beneficial to increase the nutrient contents of substrate and improve the substrate microbial community structure， so as to ensure the good development of tomato substrate ecosystem.

Key words: integrated microbiome agent, tomato plant, rhizosphere bacteria, microbial community characteristics

中图分类号:

S641.2

蓝江林, 肖荣凤, 王阶平, 张海峰, 刘波. 整合微生物组菌剂对番茄植株生长及根际细菌群落多样性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(5): 173-181.

Jianglin LAN, Rongfeng XIAO, Jieping WANG, Haifeng ZHANG, Bo LIU. Effects of Integrated Microbiome Agent on Tomato Plant Growth and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Diversity[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(5): 173-181.

图/表 8

表1 不同处理下番茄的株高 (cm)

Table 1 Plant height of tomato under different treatments

处理 Treatment	定植后时间Time after planting/d
处理 Treatment	14	21	28	35
TA	31.23±1.87 c	36.97±2.59 c	44.43±2.95 c	54.33±1.32 c
TB	36.47±2.51 b	44.07±1.56 b	52.73±1.91 b	71.77±1.51 b
TC	46.43±1.65 a	55.68±2.11 a	71.76±1.98 a	93.52±2.98 a

表2 不同处理番茄基质理化性质

Table 2 Physico-chemical properties of tomoto substrate

处理 Treatment	pH	全氮含量 TN content/%	总磷含量 TP content/%	全钾含量 TK content/%	有机质含量 OM content/%
TA	7.10±0.06 a	1.03±0.05 a	0.63±0.02 a	0.27±0.02 b	41.76±1.01 b
TB	7.00±0.03 a	1.04±0.11 a	0.61±0.03 a	0.30±0.02 b	42.83±1.53 b
TC	6.60±0.06 b	1.06±0.08 a	0.46±0.09 b	0.44±0.03 a	50.43±2.12 a

图 1 不同处理下细菌的OTU数量

Fig. 1 OTUs of bacteria under different treatments

表3 不同处理下细菌的生物学分类

Table 3 Biological classification of bacteria under different treatments

处理Treatment

门

Phylum

纲

Class

目

Order

科

Family

图2 番茄根际基质细菌不同分类阶元细菌物种丰度A：门水平；B：纲水平；C：目水平。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著

Fig. 2 Community composition of bacterial in substrate at different taxonomic orderA： Phyla level； B： Class level； C： Order level. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level

图3 细菌在门水平的相对丰度热图

Fig. 3 Heatmap of bacteria abundance at phylum level

表4 不同处理下基质细菌群落的多样性指数

Table 4 Diversity index of bacteria community under different treatments

处理Treatment	Simpson指数Simpson index	Shannon指数Shannon index	Chao指数Chao index
TA	0.22±0.04 a	1.86±0.11 a	37.52±4.76 a
TB	0.22±0.02 a	1.95±0.07 a	33.87±1.55 a
TC	0.21±0.02 a	1.96±0.07 a	35.33±1.25 a

图4 基质细菌在门水平的群落结构与基质理化性质的相关性

Fig. 4 Relationship analysis between bacterial community structure at phylum level and substrate physic-chemical properties

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