中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 195-204.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0007
• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇
庆福1,2(
), 梁洪月1,2,3, 孙静4, 鲁新蕊2, 梁运江1()
收稿日期:2024-01-04
接受日期:2024-09-30
出版日期:2025-06-15
发布日期:2025-06-23
通讯作者:
梁运江
作者简介:庆福 E-mail：z18147046454@163.com；
基金资助:
Fu QING1,2(), Hongyue LIANG1,2,3, Jing SUN4, Xinrui LU2, Yunjiang LIANG1()
Received:2024-01-04
Accepted:2024-09-30
Online:2025-06-15
Published:2025-06-23
Contact:
Yunjiang LIANG
摘要：
为改善黑土区土壤结构、提高土壤肥力，以黑土区长期定位试验为研究平台，以不施生物炭和氮肥为对照（CK），设置10（C1）、20（C2）和50 g·kg-1（C3）3个生物炭水平和0（N0）、300（N1）和600 kg·hm-2（N2）3个氮肥水平，研究生物炭-氮肥配施对土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响，并探讨其最大影响因子。结果表明，与CK相比，生物炭-氮肥配施使土壤容重降低2.73%~8.20%，土壤含水量增加1.04%~31.24%，各处理间差异不显著。生物炭-氮肥配施促进了<0.053 mm团聚体向≥2 mm团聚体的转化；团聚体稳定性显著提高，≥0.25 mm土壤团聚体质量比（R0.25）、平均重量直径（mean weigh diameter，MWD）和几何平均直径（geometric mean diameter，GMD）的增幅分别为25.06%、21.71%和12.50%；各粒级团聚体的有机碳含量均增加，其中≥2 mm团聚体和<0.053 mm团聚体的有机碳含量显著增加，增幅分别为13.19%~54.42%和13.78%~41.34%。主成分分析表明，R0.25是影响土壤有机碳含量的关键因子，C2N1处理是改良黑土结构的最佳配施处理。以上研究结果为遏制东北地区黑土退化、提升地力提供了理论依据。
中图分类号:
庆福, 梁洪月, 孙静, 鲁新蕊, 梁运江. 生物炭-氮肥配施对东北黑土团聚体及有机碳含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(6): 195-204.
Fu QING, Hongyue LIANG, Jing SUN, Xinrui LU, Yunjiang LIANG. Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Aggregate and Organic Carbon Content of Black Soil in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(6): 195-204.
处理 Treatment | 施用量Application amount | |
|---|---|---|
| C/（g·kg-1） | N/（kg·hm-2） | |
| CK | 0 | 0 |
| C1N0 | 10 | 0 |
| C2N0 | 20 | 0 |
| C3N0 | 50 | 0 |
| C1N1 | 10 | 300 |
| C2N1 | 20 | 300 |
| C3N1 | 50 | 300 |
| C1N2 | 10 | 600 |
| C2N2 | 20 | 600 |
| C3N2 | 50 | 600 |
表 1 不同处理的生物炭和氮肥施用量
Table 1 Application amounts of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer under different treatments
处理 Treatment | 施用量Application amount | |
|---|---|---|
| C/（g·kg-1） | N/（kg·hm-2） | |
| CK | 0 | 0 |
| C1N0 | 10 | 0 |
| C2N0 | 20 | 0 |
| C3N0 | 50 | 0 |
| C1N1 | 10 | 300 |
| C2N1 | 20 | 300 |
| C3N1 | 50 | 300 |
| C1N2 | 10 | 600 |
| C2N2 | 20 | 600 |
| C3N2 | 50 | 600 |
图1 不同处理下土壤的容重和含水量
Fig. 1 Soil bulk density and water content under different treatments
图2 不同处理下土壤各级团聚体的分布注：不同小写字母表示同一粒级团聚体不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 2 Distribution of soil aggregate under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments of same type of aggregate at P<0.05 level.
| 处理Treatment | R0.25/% | 平均重量直径MWD/mm | 几何平均直径GWD/mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 38.16±2.10 c | 0.38±0.03 c | 0.49±0.02 b |
| C1N0 | 39.68±0.41 bc | 0.39±0.01 bc | 0.49±0.00 b |
| C2 N0 | 42.64±0.55 b | 0.42±0.01 b | 0.51±0.01 b |
| C3 N0 | 46.72±2.28 a | 0.46±0.03 a | 0.55±0.02 a |
| C1N1 | 47.91±0.49 a | 0.47±0.01 a | 0.55±0.01 a |
| C2N1 | 50.02±4.00 a | 0.48±0.03 a | 0.57±0.04 a |
| C3N1 | 48.72±1.87 a | 0.46±0.01 a | 0.56±0.01 a |
| C1N2 | 47.97±3.65 a | 0.47±0.02 a | 0.56±0.03 a |
| C2N2 | 49.53±1.90 a | 0.48±0.03 a | 0.56±0.02 a |
| C3N2 | 48.27±1.84 a | 0.46±0.02 a | 0.55±0.02 a |
表2 不同处理下土壤团聚体稳定性
Table 2 Stability of soil aggregates under different treatments
| 处理Treatment | R0.25/% | 平均重量直径MWD/mm | 几何平均直径GWD/mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 38.16±2.10 c | 0.38±0.03 c | 0.49±0.02 b |
| C1N0 | 39.68±0.41 bc | 0.39±0.01 bc | 0.49±0.00 b |
| C2 N0 | 42.64±0.55 b | 0.42±0.01 b | 0.51±0.01 b |
| C3 N0 | 46.72±2.28 a | 0.46±0.03 a | 0.55±0.02 a |
| C1N1 | 47.91±0.49 a | 0.47±0.01 a | 0.55±0.01 a |
| C2N1 | 50.02±4.00 a | 0.48±0.03 a | 0.57±0.04 a |
| C3N1 | 48.72±1.87 a | 0.46±0.01 a | 0.56±0.01 a |
| C1N2 | 47.97±3.65 a | 0.47±0.02 a | 0.56±0.03 a |
| C2N2 | 49.53±1.90 a | 0.48±0.03 a | 0.56±0.02 a |
| C3N2 | 48.27±1.84 a | 0.46±0.02 a | 0.55±0.02 a |
指标 Index | ≥2 mm | ［0.25，2） mm | ［0.053，0.25） mm | <0.053 mm | 平均重量直径 MWD | 平均几何直径 GMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| （0.25，2］ mm | 0.614** | |||||
| （0.053，0.25］ mm | -0.464** | -0.385* | ||||
| <0.053 mm | -0.714** | -0.869** | 0.016 | |||
| 平均重量直径MWD | 0.935** | 0.851** | -0.431* | -0.883** | ||
| 平均几何直径GMD | 0.827** | 0.914** | -0.253 | -0.970** | 0.966** | |
| R0.25 | 0.841** | 0.943** | -0.459* | -0.896** | 0.976** | 0.974** |
表 3 团聚体组成与稳定性的相关性
Table 3 Correlation between aggregate composition and stability
指标 Index | ≥2 mm | ［0.25，2） mm | ［0.053，0.25） mm | <0.053 mm | 平均重量直径 MWD | 平均几何直径 GMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| （0.25，2］ mm | 0.614** | |||||
| （0.053，0.25］ mm | -0.464** | -0.385* | ||||
| <0.053 mm | -0.714** | -0.869** | 0.016 | |||
| 平均重量直径MWD | 0.935** | 0.851** | -0.431* | -0.883** | ||
| 平均几何直径GMD | 0.827** | 0.914** | -0.253 | -0.970** | 0.966** | |
| R0.25 | 0.841** | 0.943** | -0.459* | -0.896** | 0.976** | 0.974** |
图 3 不同处理下团聚体的有机碳含量注：不同小写字母表示同一粒级团聚体不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 3 Organic carbon content in aggregates under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significantly differences between different treatments of the same type of aggregate at P<0.05 level.
| 因子 Factor | 主成分1 PC1 | 主成分2 PC2 |
|---|---|---|
| X1：容重 Bulk density | -0.871 | -0.007 |
| X2：含水量 Water content | 0.520 | 0.818 |
| X3：R0.25 | 0.996 | -0.005 |
| X4：平均重量直径MWD | 0.991 | 0.008 |
| X5：平均几何直径GMD | 0.992 | -0.010 |
| X6：<0.053 mm | -0.967 | 0.017 |
| X7：有机碳SOC | 0.754 | -0.540 |
| 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 78.454 | 13.738 |
| 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% | 78.454 | 92.193 |
表 4 团聚体有机碳含量影响因子主成分分析
Table 4 Principal component analysis of aggregate organic carbon content influencing factors
| 因子 Factor | 主成分1 PC1 | 主成分2 PC2 |
|---|---|---|
| X1：容重 Bulk density | -0.871 | -0.007 |
| X2：含水量 Water content | 0.520 | 0.818 |
| X3：R0.25 | 0.996 | -0.005 |
| X4：平均重量直径MWD | 0.991 | 0.008 |
| X5：平均几何直径GMD | 0.992 | -0.010 |
| X6：<0.053 mm | -0.967 | 0.017 |
| X7：有机碳SOC | 0.754 | -0.540 |
| 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 78.454 | 13.738 |
| 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% | 78.454 | 92.193 |
处理 Treatment | F1值 F1 value | F2值 F2 value | F值 F value | 排序 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | -4.16 | 0.04 | -3.26 | 10 |
| C1N0 | -3.48 | -0.31 | -2.77 | 9 |
| C2 N0 | -2.08 | -0.20 | -1.66 | 8 |
| C3 N0 | 0.59 | 2.24 | 0.77 | 6 |
| C1N1 | 0.82 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 7 |
| C2N1 | 2.29 | 0.77 | 1.90 | 1 |
| C3N1 | 1.21 | -0.32 | 0.91 | 5 |
| C1N2 | 1.39 | -1.17 | 0.93 | 4 |
| C2N2 | 2.05 | -1.17 | 1.45 | 2 |
| C3N2 | 1.36 | -0.04 | 1.06 | 3 |
表5 主成分评价值和综合评价值
Table 5 Principal component Tevaluation value and comprehensive evaluation value
处理 Treatment | F1值 F1 value | F2值 F2 value | F值 F value | 排序 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | -4.16 | 0.04 | -3.26 | 10 |
| C1N0 | -3.48 | -0.31 | -2.77 | 9 |
| C2 N0 | -2.08 | -0.20 | -1.66 | 8 |
| C3 N0 | 0.59 | 2.24 | 0.77 | 6 |
| C1N1 | 0.82 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 7 |
| C2N1 | 2.29 | 0.77 | 1.90 | 1 |
| C3N1 | 1.21 | -0.32 | 0.91 | 5 |
| C1N2 | 1.39 | -1.17 | 0.93 | 4 |
| C2N2 | 2.05 | -1.17 | 1.45 | 2 |
| C3N2 | 1.36 | -0.04 | 1.06 | 3 |
图 4 不同处理下玉米产量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 4 Maize yield under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments at P<0.05 level.
处理 Treatment | 穗长 Panicle length/cm | 穗重 Panicle weight/g | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 17.17±1.43 c | 179.25±2.72 d | 448.33±70.27 d | 367.33±16.04 bc |
| C1N0 | 16.73±2.74 c | 227.12±90.19 cd | 476.67±95.45 cd | 361.00±75.45 c |
| C2N0 | 18.53±1.00 bc | 345.63±72.48 a | 489.67±83.56 bcd | 410.33±74.78 abc |
| C3N0 | 17.61±2.80 bc | 239.92±63.48 bcd | 545.67±134.78 abcd | 388.67±43.82 bc |
| C1N1 | 20.50±1.19 ab | 333.55±12.65 a | 620.00±18.33 a | 441.00±15.39 ab |
| C2N1 | 19.40±0.96 abc | 307.33±14.47 abc | 635.00±31.58 a | 442.67±12.22 ab |
| C3N1 | 22.35±2.51 a | 316.60±45.46 ab | 650.33±50.74 a | 415.00±14.42 abc |
| C1N2 | 18.82±1.05 bc | 235.53±8.81 bcd | 582.33±15.14 abc | 478.33±47.61 a |
| C2N2 | 19.87±0.04 abc | 325.20±8.19 a | 590.33±2.31 abc | 478.33±3.51 a |
| C3N2 | 18.93±0.86 bc | 303.46±7.87 abc | 610.67±46.61 ab | 437.00±4.00 abc |
表6 不同处理下玉米产量相关性状
Table 6 Traits on yield of maize under different treatments
处理 Treatment | 穗长 Panicle length/cm | 穗重 Panicle weight/g | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 17.17±1.43 c | 179.25±2.72 d | 448.33±70.27 d | 367.33±16.04 bc |
| C1N0 | 16.73±2.74 c | 227.12±90.19 cd | 476.67±95.45 cd | 361.00±75.45 c |
| C2N0 | 18.53±1.00 bc | 345.63±72.48 a | 489.67±83.56 bcd | 410.33±74.78 abc |
| C3N0 | 17.61±2.80 bc | 239.92±63.48 bcd | 545.67±134.78 abcd | 388.67±43.82 bc |
| C1N1 | 20.50±1.19 ab | 333.55±12.65 a | 620.00±18.33 a | 441.00±15.39 ab |
| C2N1 | 19.40±0.96 abc | 307.33±14.47 abc | 635.00±31.58 a | 442.67±12.22 ab |
| C3N1 | 22.35±2.51 a | 316.60±45.46 ab | 650.33±50.74 a | 415.00±14.42 abc |
| C1N2 | 18.82±1.05 bc | 235.53±8.81 bcd | 582.33±15.14 abc | 478.33±47.61 a |
| C2N2 | 19.87±0.04 abc | 325.20±8.19 a | 590.33±2.31 abc | 478.33±3.51 a |
| C3N2 | 18.93±0.86 bc | 303.46±7.87 abc | 610.67±46.61 ab | 437.00±4.00 abc |
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