酸改性生物炭对滨海盐渍土壤水分入渗特性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究常规生物炭及酸改性生物炭对盐渍土壤水分入渗特性的影响，以不添加生物炭为对照（CK），2种生物炭均设置2%、4%和8%（质量分数）3个添加量，采用一维定水头垂直积水入渗法观察累积入渗量、湿润锋运移的动态变化。结果表明，添加生物炭可以增加累积入渗量，缩短湿润锋运移时间，提高入渗速率，且添加量越大，效果越明显。添加生物炭可以提高滨海盐渍土的持水能力，酸改性生物炭对提高浅层土壤含水率效果更明显。一维代数模型对添加生物炭后滨海盐渍土的耕作层含水率适用性较好，可以模拟入渗后的土壤耕作层水分分布。总体来说，添加4%酸改性生物炭有利于改善滨海盐渍土壤入渗能力和持水特性。

关键词: 生物炭, 酸改性生物炭, 盐渍土, 土壤入渗, 一维代数模型

Abstract:

To study the effects of conventional biochar and acid modified biochar on water infiltration， with no biochar as the control （CK）， 2 kinds of biochar with 3 additive amounts of 2%， 4% and 8% （mass fraction） were set up to conduct vertical one-dimensional water infiltration test. The dynamic changes of cumulative infiltration amount and wetting front migration were measured and discussed. The results showed that biochar increased the cumulative infiltration volume， shortened the wetting front transport time and improved the infiltration rate， and the larger the amount of biochar added， the more obvious the effect. Biochar improved the water holding capacity of coastal saline soils， and the effect of acid modified biochar on increasing the water content of shallow soil was more obvious. The one dimensional algebraic model was suitable for the water content of the tillage layer of coastal saline soil after the addition of biochar， and simulated the water distribution of the soil tillage layer after the infiltration test. Overall， the addition of 4% acid modified biochar was beneficial for improving the infiltration capacity and water holding characteristics of coastal saline soils.

Key words: biochar, acid modified biochar, saline soil, soil infiltration, one dimensional algebraic model

中图分类号:

S278

史丹一, 邱禹, 黄成真, 王娟. 酸改性生物炭对滨海盐渍土壤水分入渗特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(9): 183-192.

Danyi SHI, Yu QIU, Chengzhen HUANG, Juan WANG. Effect of Acid Modified Biochar on Infiltration Characteristics of Coastal Saline Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(9): 183-192.

图/表 8

图1 不同处理土壤累积入渗量随时间变化曲线注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Variation curve of cumulative infiltration with time under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同处理湿润峰运移距离随时间变化曲线注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Variation curve of wetting front migration distance with time under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.

表 1 累积入渗量与湿润锋深度关系的拟合系数

Table 1 Fitting coefficient of the relationship between cumulative infiltration volume and wetting front depth

项目Item	处理 Treatment
项目Item	CK	A1	A2	A3	B1	B2	B3
拟合参数n	0.350	0.357	0.358	0.359	0.349	0.345	0.349
决定系数R²	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.998	0.998

图3 不同处理入渗速率随时间变化曲线注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.3 Variation curve of soil infiltration rate with time under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.

表2 Kostiakov入渗模型模拟参数

Table 2 Simulation parameters of the Kostiakov infiltration model

项目Item	处理 Treatment
项目Item	CK	A1	A2	A3	B1	B2	B3
经验系数K	0.600	0.690	0.631	0.743	0.609	0.970	0.934
经验系数N	0.525	0.520	0.536	0.528	0.552	0.434	0.463
决定系数R²	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.997	0.999

表 3 不同生物炭添加量下0—15 cm浅层土壤的持水效率 (%)

Table 3 Soil water holding efficiency of 0—15 cm shallow soil under different biochar addition

土层 Soil layer/cm	处理 Treatment
土层 Soil layer/cm	A1	A2	A3	B1	B2	B3
0—5	11.65±3.21 b	13.92±3.11 ab	13.76±4.64 ab	13.26±5.82 ab	13.98±4.41 a	12.11±5.89 ab
5—10	6.00±5.51 b	5.77±1.41 b	7.01±5.26 ab	7.73±4.50 ab	8.94±3.55 ab	9.20±8.50 a
10—15	3.11±2.54 b	3.43±2.54 b	5.14±2.69 ab	4.90±2.40 ab	8.81±5.82 a	8.27±4.43 a

表 4 不同生物炭添加量下一维代数模型参数及模拟精度分析

Table 4 Parameters of one dimensional algebraic model and simulation accuracy analysis under different biochar addition

项目Item	处理 Treatment
项目Item	CK	A1	A2	A3	B1	B2	B3
拟合参数n	0.351	0.358	0.358	0.359	0.349	0.345	0.349
综合性状系数α	0.262	0.405	0.323	0.272	0.279	0.422	0.469
决定系数R²	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.998	0.998
均方根误差RMSE/%	0.013	0.166	0.035	0.016	0.529	0.602	0.242
符合度指数D	0.983	0.885	0.964	0.978	0.765	0.765	0.854

图4 添加不同生物炭比例下土壤剖面含水率拟合效果

Fig.4 Fitting effect of soil profile moisture content under different proportions of biochar

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