中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7): 144-152.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1104
• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇
侯非凡1,2(), 张笑文1, 王嘉琦1, 张建珍1, 李凯泉1, 尹雪斌1,3(
)
收稿日期:
2021-12-29
接受日期:
2022-04-12
出版日期:
2023-07-15
发布日期:
2023-08-25
通讯作者:
尹雪斌
作者简介:
侯非凡 E-mail:zc1393543@163.com;
基金资助:
Feifan HOU1,2(), Xiaowen ZHANG1, Jiaqi WANG1, Jianzhen ZHANG1, Kaiquan LI1, Xuebin YIN1,3(
)
Received:
2021-12-29
Accepted:
2022-04-12
Online:
2023-07-15
Published:
2023-08-25
Contact:
Xuebin YIN
摘要:
为明确富硒有机肥在土壤中不同的施用位置对小麦生理特性及富硒效果的影响,以‘鑫麦296’为试验材料,在与小麦根际水平距离5和10 cm处,同时与土表垂直深度5、10、15 cm处土施硒肥,对6个处理条件下的小麦成熟期农艺性状、产量因素、硒含量及硒积累量等指标进行测定。运用隶属函数法综合分析可得,与其他施用位置相比,将硒肥施于小麦根际水平距离5 cm、土表垂直深度5 cm位置时(T1处理)可获得较优肥效。在此条件下,小麦平均株高达67.18 cm,每株平均干物质量为20.30 g,产量达820.17 g·m-2,植株硒积累量为10.85 μg·株-1,均显著高于其他处理,且所含硒元素以硒代蛋氨酸和硒代胱氨酸等有机态硒为主。因此,建议在富硒小麦生产中可在小麦根际水平距离5 cm、土表垂直深度5 cm位置施用硒肥从而获得较好的产量和富硒效果,为富硒小麦精准施肥提供了理论参考。
中图分类号:
侯非凡, 张笑文, 王嘉琦, 张建珍, 李凯泉, 尹雪斌. 硒肥土施位置对小麦生理特性及硒积累的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 144-152.
Feifan HOU, Xiaowen ZHANG, Jiaqi WANG, Jianzhen ZHANG, Kaiquan LI, Xuebin YIN. Effect of Selenium Fertilizer Application Position on Physiological Characters and Selenium Accumulation in Wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 144-152.
取样点编号 Sample umber | 土层深度 Soil depth /cm | pH | 有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg-1) | 全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/(g·kg-1) | 全钾含量 Total potassium content/(g·kg-1) | 硒含量 Selenium content/(mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0—10 | 8.27 | 29.96 | 1.25 | 2.46 | 14.57 | 0.44 |
10—20 | 8.26 | 26.99 | 1.13 | 2.22 | 12.82 | 0.43 | |
2 | 0—10 | 8.15 | 29.05 | 1.17 | 2.80 | 13.20 | 0.48 |
10—20 | 8.34 | 26.70 | 1.16 | 1.67 | 11.35 | 0.39 | |
3 | 0—10 | 8.33 | 29.96 | 1.41 | 2.32 | 11.38 | 0.50 |
10—20 | 8.43 | 28.11 | 1.26 | 1.99 | 11.84 | 0.52 | |
平均 Mean | 8.30±0.09 | 28.46±1.43 | 1.23±0.10 | 2.24±0.39 | 12.53±1.26 | 0.46±0.05 |
表1 供试土壤基本化学性质
Table 1 The basic chemical properties of the tested soil
取样点编号 Sample umber | 土层深度 Soil depth /cm | pH | 有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg-1) | 全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/(g·kg-1) | 全钾含量 Total potassium content/(g·kg-1) | 硒含量 Selenium content/(mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0—10 | 8.27 | 29.96 | 1.25 | 2.46 | 14.57 | 0.44 |
10—20 | 8.26 | 26.99 | 1.13 | 2.22 | 12.82 | 0.43 | |
2 | 0—10 | 8.15 | 29.05 | 1.17 | 2.80 | 13.20 | 0.48 |
10—20 | 8.34 | 26.70 | 1.16 | 1.67 | 11.35 | 0.39 | |
3 | 0—10 | 8.33 | 29.96 | 1.41 | 2.32 | 11.38 | 0.50 |
10—20 | 8.43 | 28.11 | 1.26 | 1.99 | 11.84 | 0.52 | |
平均 Mean | 8.30±0.09 | 28.46±1.43 | 1.23±0.10 | 2.24±0.39 | 12.53±1.26 | 0.46±0.05 |
处理 Treatment | 硒肥土施位置与植株根际的水平距离 Horizontal distance between the selenium fertilizer application position and the root of the plant / cm | 硒肥土施位置与土表的垂直深度 Vertical depth of the selenium fertilizer application position from the soil surface / cm |
---|---|---|
T1 | 5 | 5 |
T2 | 5 | 10 |
T3 | 5 | 15 |
T4 | 10 | 5 |
T5 | 10 | 10 |
T6 | 10 | 15 |
表2 不同处理设置
Table 2 Design of different treatments
处理 Treatment | 硒肥土施位置与植株根际的水平距离 Horizontal distance between the selenium fertilizer application position and the root of the plant / cm | 硒肥土施位置与土表的垂直深度 Vertical depth of the selenium fertilizer application position from the soil surface / cm |
---|---|---|
T1 | 5 | 5 |
T2 | 5 | 10 |
T3 | 5 | 15 |
T4 | 10 | 5 |
T5 | 10 | 10 |
T6 | 10 | 15 |
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height/cm | 每株分蘖数 Tiller number | 穗长 Spike length/cm | 植株干物质量/(g·株-1) Dry matter quality of plant/(g·plant-1) | 籽粒干物质量/(g·株-1) Dry matter quality of grain/(g·plant-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 67.18±2.59 a | 5.50±1.38 a | 7.65±0.83 a | 20.30±4.76 a | 1.86±0.25 a |
T2 | 63.71±2.62 b | 5.22±2.17 ab | 7.24±0.93 a | 15.79±6.99 b | 1.90±0.23 a |
T3 | 64.07±2.53 ab | 4.44±1.13 ab | 6.98±0.61 a | 13.10±2.52 bc | 1.72±0.49 ab |
T4 | 66.20±2.48 ab | 4.78±1.20 ab | 7.47±0.47 a | 13.35±2.87 bc | 1.64±0.46 ab |
T5 | 64.68±3.19 ab | 5.22±1.20 ab | 6.95±0.70 a | 14.53±3.29 bc | 1.52±0.37 b |
T6 | 60.16±4.81 c | 3.89±1.05 b | 7.36±0.55 a | 10.35±2.78 c | 1.67±0.41 ab |
表3 不同硒肥土施位置下小麦成熟期形态及干物质量
Table 3 Morphology and dry matter quality of wheat at maturity under different Se-fertilizer application positions
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height/cm | 每株分蘖数 Tiller number | 穗长 Spike length/cm | 植株干物质量/(g·株-1) Dry matter quality of plant/(g·plant-1) | 籽粒干物质量/(g·株-1) Dry matter quality of grain/(g·plant-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 67.18±2.59 a | 5.50±1.38 a | 7.65±0.83 a | 20.30±4.76 a | 1.86±0.25 a |
T2 | 63.71±2.62 b | 5.22±2.17 ab | 7.24±0.93 a | 15.79±6.99 b | 1.90±0.23 a |
T3 | 64.07±2.53 ab | 4.44±1.13 ab | 6.98±0.61 a | 13.10±2.52 bc | 1.72±0.49 ab |
T4 | 66.20±2.48 ab | 4.78±1.20 ab | 7.47±0.47 a | 13.35±2.87 bc | 1.64±0.46 ab |
T5 | 64.68±3.19 ab | 5.22±1.20 ab | 6.95±0.70 a | 14.53±3.29 bc | 1.52±0.37 b |
T6 | 60.16±4.81 c | 3.89±1.05 b | 7.36±0.55 a | 10.35±2.78 c | 1.67±0.41 ab |
处理 Treatment | 穗数/(穗·m-2) Number of spikes/(spikes·m-2) | 穗粒数 Grains per spike | 千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g | 产量 Yield/(g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 538.22±22.73 a | 34.80±5.20 ab | 43.79±2.00 a | 820.17±31.23 a |
T2 | 425.11±13.04 bc | 36.20±5.35 a | 44.14±0.75 a | 679.25±20.83 b |
T3 | 439.78±21.97 b | 32.86±8.93 ab | 43.51±0.72 a | 628.65±31.41 bc |
T4 | 439.33±4.71 b | 30.77±5.49 b | 44.88±2.44 a | 606.62±6.51 bc |
T5 | 356.67±18.04 d | 31.54±3.20 ab | 43.54±2.29 a | 489.72±24.77 d |
T6 | 366.67±2.36 cd | 34.20±6.81 ab | 44.47±2.14 a | 557.68±8.52 cd |
表4 不同硒肥土施位置下小麦产量及其构成因素
Table 4 Yield and its components of wheat under different Se-fertilizer application positions
处理 Treatment | 穗数/(穗·m-2) Number of spikes/(spikes·m-2) | 穗粒数 Grains per spike | 千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g | 产量 Yield/(g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 538.22±22.73 a | 34.80±5.20 ab | 43.79±2.00 a | 820.17±31.23 a |
T2 | 425.11±13.04 bc | 36.20±5.35 a | 44.14±0.75 a | 679.25±20.83 b |
T3 | 439.78±21.97 b | 32.86±8.93 ab | 43.51±0.72 a | 628.65±31.41 bc |
T4 | 439.33±4.71 b | 30.77±5.49 b | 44.88±2.44 a | 606.62±6.51 bc |
T5 | 356.67±18.04 d | 31.54±3.20 ab | 43.54±2.29 a | 489.72±24.77 d |
T6 | 366.67±2.36 cd | 34.20±6.81 ab | 44.47±2.14 a | 557.68±8.52 cd |
处理 Treatment | 植株硒含量 Se content of plant/(mg·kg-1) | 籽粒硒含量 Se content of grain/(mg·kg-1) | 植株硒积累量/(μg·株-1) Se accumulation of plant/(μg·plant-1) | 籽粒硒积累量/(μg·株-1) Se accumulation of grain/(μg·plant-1) | 籽粒硒积累量在植株硒积累量中的占比 Percentage of Se accumulation of grain in total plant/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.53±0.06 a | 0.59±0.02 c | 10.85±2.54 a | 1.10±0.05 d | 10.15 |
T2 | 0.39±0.09 a | 0.69±0.02 b | 6.09±2.69 b | 1.31±0.04 a | 21.55 |
T3 | 0.46±0.25 a | 0.62±0.01 c | 6.06±1.16 b | 1.06±0.01 d | 17.48 |
T4 | 0.38±0.02 a | 0.71±0.02 ab | 5.04±1.08 bc | 1.16±0.03 c | 23.06 |
T5 | 0.39±0.04 a | 0.51±0.02 d | 5.62±1.27 bc | 0.77±0.03 e | 13.72 |
T6 | 0.37±0.12 a | 0.73±0.01 a | 3.82±1.03 c | 1.22±0.01 b | 31.97 |
表5 不同硒肥土施位置下小麦成熟期植株和籽粒硒含量及硒积累量
Table 5 Selenium content and accumulation of whole plant and grain in wheat under different Se-fertilizer application positions
处理 Treatment | 植株硒含量 Se content of plant/(mg·kg-1) | 籽粒硒含量 Se content of grain/(mg·kg-1) | 植株硒积累量/(μg·株-1) Se accumulation of plant/(μg·plant-1) | 籽粒硒积累量/(μg·株-1) Se accumulation of grain/(μg·plant-1) | 籽粒硒积累量在植株硒积累量中的占比 Percentage of Se accumulation of grain in total plant/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.53±0.06 a | 0.59±0.02 c | 10.85±2.54 a | 1.10±0.05 d | 10.15 |
T2 | 0.39±0.09 a | 0.69±0.02 b | 6.09±2.69 b | 1.31±0.04 a | 21.55 |
T3 | 0.46±0.25 a | 0.62±0.01 c | 6.06±1.16 b | 1.06±0.01 d | 17.48 |
T4 | 0.38±0.02 a | 0.71±0.02 ab | 5.04±1.08 bc | 1.16±0.03 c | 23.06 |
T5 | 0.39±0.04 a | 0.51±0.02 d | 5.62±1.27 bc | 0.77±0.03 e | 13.72 |
T6 | 0.37±0.12 a | 0.73±0.01 a | 3.82±1.03 c | 1.22±0.01 b | 31.97 |
处理 Treatment | 硒含量 Content of selenium/(mg·kg-1) | 硒积累量/(μg·株-1) Accumulation of selenium/(μg·plant-1) | 硒积累量在 籽粒硒积累量中的占比 Percentage of accumulation of selenium in grain/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
硒代蛋氨酸SeMet | 硒代胱氨酸SeCys2 | 无机硒 Inorganic selenium | 硒代蛋氨酸SeMet | 硒代胱氨酸SeCys2 | 无机硒 Inorganic selenium | 硒代蛋氨酸SeMet | 硒代胱氨酸SeCys2 | 无机硒 Inorganic selenium | |
T1 | 0.56±0.03 c | 0.03±0.00 d | 0.00 | 1.04±0.05 c | 0.06±0.00 d | 0.00 | 94.38 | 5.62 | 0.00 |
T2 | 0.63±0.02 b | 0.06±0.00 a | 0.00 | 1.19±0.03 a | 0.12±0.01 a | 0.00 | 91.02 | 8.98 | 0.00 |
T3 | 0.57±0.01 c | 0.04±0.00 c | 0.00 | 0.98±0.01 d | 0.08±0.00 c | 0.00 | 92.72 | 7.28 | 0.00 |
T4 | 0.66±0.01 a | 0.05±0.00 c | 0.00 | 1.09±0.02 bc | 0.07±0.01 c | 0.00 | 93.64 | 6.36 | 0.00 |
T5 | 0.48±0.01 d | 0.03±0.00 e | 0.00 | 0.73±0.02 e | 0.04±0.00 e | 0.00 | 94.72 | 5.28 | 0.00 |
T6 | 0.68±0.01 a | 0.05±0.00 b | 0.00 | 1.13±0.01 b | 0.09±0.00 b | 0.00 | 92.83 | 7.17 | 0.00 |
表6 不同硒肥土施位置下小麦籽粒中不同硒形态含量及其占比
Table 6 Contents and proportions of different forms selenium in wheat grain under different Se-fertilizer application positions
处理 Treatment | 硒含量 Content of selenium/(mg·kg-1) | 硒积累量/(μg·株-1) Accumulation of selenium/(μg·plant-1) | 硒积累量在 籽粒硒积累量中的占比 Percentage of accumulation of selenium in grain/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
硒代蛋氨酸SeMet | 硒代胱氨酸SeCys2 | 无机硒 Inorganic selenium | 硒代蛋氨酸SeMet | 硒代胱氨酸SeCys2 | 无机硒 Inorganic selenium | 硒代蛋氨酸SeMet | 硒代胱氨酸SeCys2 | 无机硒 Inorganic selenium | |
T1 | 0.56±0.03 c | 0.03±0.00 d | 0.00 | 1.04±0.05 c | 0.06±0.00 d | 0.00 | 94.38 | 5.62 | 0.00 |
T2 | 0.63±0.02 b | 0.06±0.00 a | 0.00 | 1.19±0.03 a | 0.12±0.01 a | 0.00 | 91.02 | 8.98 | 0.00 |
T3 | 0.57±0.01 c | 0.04±0.00 c | 0.00 | 0.98±0.01 d | 0.08±0.00 c | 0.00 | 92.72 | 7.28 | 0.00 |
T4 | 0.66±0.01 a | 0.05±0.00 c | 0.00 | 1.09±0.02 bc | 0.07±0.01 c | 0.00 | 93.64 | 6.36 | 0.00 |
T5 | 0.48±0.01 d | 0.03±0.00 e | 0.00 | 0.73±0.02 e | 0.04±0.00 e | 0.00 | 94.72 | 5.28 | 0.00 |
T6 | 0.68±0.01 a | 0.05±0.00 b | 0.00 | 1.13±0.01 b | 0.09±0.00 b | 0.00 | 92.83 | 7.17 | 0.00 |
处理 Treatment | 植株 Plant | 籽粒Grain | 穗数 Number of spikes | 穗粒数 Grains per spike | 千粒重 1 000-grain weight | 产量 Yield | 平均隶属函数值 Mean membership function value | 排序 Ranking | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质量 Dry matter quality | 硒含量 Se content | 硒积累量 Se accumulation | 干物质量 Dry matter quality | 硒含量 Se content | 硒积累量 Se accumulation | ||||||||
T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.36 | 0.61 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 1 | |
T2 | 0.55 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.62 | 2 | |
T3 | 0.28 | 0.56 | 0.32 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 4 | |
T4 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 3 | |
T5 | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 6 | |
T6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.06 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 5 |
表7 硒肥土施位置对小麦成熟期各项指标的隶属函数值的影响
Table 7 Effects of Se-fertilizer application positions on the membership function values for indexes of wheat at maturity
处理 Treatment | 植株 Plant | 籽粒Grain | 穗数 Number of spikes | 穗粒数 Grains per spike | 千粒重 1 000-grain weight | 产量 Yield | 平均隶属函数值 Mean membership function value | 排序 Ranking | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质量 Dry matter quality | 硒含量 Se content | 硒积累量 Se accumulation | 干物质量 Dry matter quality | 硒含量 Se content | 硒积累量 Se accumulation | ||||||||
T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.36 | 0.61 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 1 | |
T2 | 0.55 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.62 | 2 | |
T3 | 0.28 | 0.56 | 0.32 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 4 | |
T4 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 3 | |
T5 | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 6 | |
T6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.06 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 5 |
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