甘蔗间作系统生产力分析及适宜品种筛选

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0754

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 37-45.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0754

甘蔗间作系统生产力分析及适宜品种筛选

安东升¹^,²(), 严程明¹^,², 刘洋³, 赵宝山¹, 孔冉¹, 苏俊波¹, 徐志军²()

^1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所，国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测湛江试验站，广东湛江 524091
^2.中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站，广东省级现代农业（耕地保育与节水农业）产业技术研发中心，广东湛江 524013
^3.嘉兴职业技术学院，浙江嘉兴 314036

收稿日期:2022-09-07 接受日期:2023-02-13 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-23
通讯作者: 徐志军
作者简介:安东升E-mail： dongshengan@126.com；
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金项目(321QN348);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630102022002)

Production Analysis and Selection of Suitable Varieties in Sugarcane Intercropping System

Dongsheng AN¹^,²(), Chengming YAN¹^,², Yang LIU³, Baoshan ZHAO¹, Ran KONG¹, Junbo SU¹, Zhijun XU²()

^1.Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-term Agricultural Green Development，South Subtropical Crop Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Guangdong Zhanjiang 524091，China
^2.Guangdong Modern Agriculture （Cultivated Land Conservation and Water-saving Agriculture） Industrial Technology Research and Development Center，Zhanjiang Experimental Station，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Guangdong Zhanjiang 524013，China
^3.Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College，Zhejiang Jiaxing 314036，China

Received:2022-09-07 Accepted:2023-02-13 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-23
Contact: Zhijun XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升机械化宽行植蔗区土地利用效率，实现封行前控草减药与增效增收，以甘蔗单作为对照，选择7个花生品种和5个甜玉米品种开展配套农机的甘蔗宽行间作花生和甜玉米试验，对2种间作系统生产力与经济效益进行比较分析。结果表明，总体上甘蔗的株高与行间间作甜玉米的株高呈负相关，与行间间种花生的株高呈正相关。与甘蔗单作相比，间种花生的甘蔗单茎重无显著下降，间种甜玉米的甘蔗单茎重显著下降；2种间作模式下甘蔗的分蘖数、有效茎数和产量均显著下降，下降幅度均表现为间作甜玉米显著高于间作花生；不同间作模式对甘蔗田间糖锤度的影响不显著。间作甜玉米的田间糖锤度和穗产量分别以‘中农甜414’和‘华美甜9’最优，间作‘粤甜28’能够收获较高的产量和农田秸秆输入量；间作‘湛油1155’‘热红1’和‘湛油1155’‘湛油75’‘湛油62’分别获得最优的花生仁产量和出油率。间作系统纯收益增幅在30%以上的处理表现为间作‘中农甜414’>‘华美甜9’>‘ZGP113’>‘湛油1155’，但间作‘华美甜9’和‘ZGP113’的甘蔗减产率分别比间作‘中农甜414’和‘湛油1155’提高13.73和4.37个百分点，因此适宜间作的甜玉米和花生品种分别为‘中农甜414’和‘湛油1155’。综上，间作‘中农甜414’甜玉米能够显著增加经济效益，且农田秸秆碳输入量大，但甘蔗显著减产，若不能扩大种植面积则不利于保守糖料红线；间作‘湛油1155’和‘ZGP113’能够显著增加经济效益，甘蔗产量降幅较小，且豆科固氮与秸秆碳输入有助于耕地质量提升。

关键词: 甘蔗间作, 甜玉米, 花生, 生产力, 适宜品种

Abstract:

In order to improve the field use efficiency of the mechanized wide row planting sugarcane area， reduce the grass and herbicide， increase the profit via the intercropping at the stage of sugarcane seedling，7 peanut and 5 sweetcorn varieties were chosen to intercrop with sugarcane using sugarcane monocrop as a control， and the experiment of interplanting peanut and sweet corn in sugarcane wide row with supporting agricultural machinery was carried out simultaneously， the yield components and profit of 2 intercropping systems were investigated. The results showed that the plant height of sugarcane was negatively correlated with that of sweetcorn but positively correlated with that of peanut， which were intercropped between rows. Compared with sugarcane monocrop， the single stem weight of sugarcane intercropping with sweetcorn significantly decreased， which showed no significant difference intercropping with peanut； the tiller number， effective stems and yield of sugarcane significantly decreased for both intercropping systems， the decreasing rate of intercropping sweetcorn was significantly higher than that of intercropping peanut. However， there was no significant difference for sugarcane brix between each intercropping system and monocrop. Intercropping ‘Yuetian 28’ obtained higher corn yield and farmland straw input， ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Huameitian 9’ possessed the optimal brix and spike respectively， while ‘Zhanyou 1155’ ‘Rehong 1’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’ ‘Zhanyou 75’ ‘Zhanyou 62’ possessed the highest peanut kernel yield and oil content respectively. The increase of intercropping system profit over 30% showed as ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ > ‘Huameitian 9’ > ‘ZGP113’ > ‘Zhanyou 1155’， but the yield reduction rate of intercropping ‘Huameitian 9’ and ‘ZGP113’ increased 13.73 and 4.37 percentage points comparing with intercropping ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’， which determined the optimal intercropping varieties for sweetcorn and peanut were ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’. In summary， sugarcane intercropping ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ sweetcorn could improve the profit and farmland straw carbon input while the decrease of sugarcane yield made adverse effect of keeping sugar red line. Sugarcane intercropping ‘Zhanyou 1155’ and ‘ZGP113’ could increase profit and achieve soil improvement based on stable sugarcane yield.

Key words: sugarcane intercropping, sweetcorn, peanut, productivity, suitable variety

中图分类号:

S566.1

安东升, 严程明, 刘洋, 赵宝山, 孔冉, 苏俊波, 徐志军. 甘蔗间作系统生产力分析及适宜品种筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 37-45.

Dongsheng AN, Chengming YAN, Yang LIU, Baoshan ZHAO, Ran KONG, Junbo SU, Zhijun XU. Production Analysis and Selection of Suitable Varieties in Sugarcane Intercropping System[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 37-45.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	间作品种 Intercropping variety	有效茎长 Effective stem length/cm	茎径 Stem diameter/mm	单茎重 Single stem weigh/kg	有效茎数 Effective stalk mumbers/（10⁴·hm^-2）	产量 Yield/ （t·hm^-2）	减产率 Reduction rate/%	田间糖锤度 Brix/%
甘蔗单作 Sugarcane monocrop	ROC22	356.6±27.4 a	28.9±2.3 bcd	1.72±0.27 a	6.62±0.22 a	113.4±10.8a	—	22.5±1.4 ab
甘蔗/甜玉米间作 Sugarcane/ sweetcorn intercropping	中农甜414 Zhongnongtian 414	287.0±31.7 cd	27.3±2.3 cde	1.47±0.36 bc	3.24±0.08 d	47.5±5.1 e	58.13	22.7±1.1 a
	中农甜488 Zhongnongtian 488	285.6±28.4 cd	26.9±2.1 de	1.39±0.21 c	3.10±0.36 de	43.1±7.1 e	62.00	22.2±0.9 ab
	粤甜28 Yuetian 28	269.0±28.8 de	25.5±2.2 e	1.16±0.28 d	2.57±0.14 f	29.8±4.0 f	73.70	21.3±0.7 b
	华美甜9 Huameitian 9	253.1±25.2 e	26.7±1.6 de	1.12±0.23 d	2.81±0.22 def	31.9±8.1 f	71.86	21.6±1.2 ab
	正甜68 Zhengtian 68	248.7±23.0 e	25.3±1.6 e	1.15±0.20 d	2.72±0.14 ef	31.1±2.0 f	72.54	21.3±1.2 b
甘蔗/花生间作 Sugarcane/ peanut intercropping	湛红5 Zhanhong 5	304.3±24.9 bc	28.9±3.1 bcd	1.60±0.20 abc	5.13±0.30 c	82.9±9.5 d	26.85	21.3±1.6 ab
	湛油6 Zhanyou 6	315.8±20.2 bc	31.2±2.1 ab	1.69±0.10 ab	5.15±0.29 c	86.8±3.7 cd	23.47	22.7±1.4 a
	ZPG113	331.2±24.4 ab	29.7±1.4 abc	1.67±0.20 ab	5.72±0.38 b	95.2±9.1 bc	16.01	22.4±0.8 ab
	湛油1155 Zhanyou 1155	355.8±35.4 a	31.4±2.2 a	1.72±0.18 a	5.81±0.22 b	100.1±3.5 b	11.73	22.5±1.1 ab
	湛油75 Zhanyou 75	293.7±16.9 cd	28.4±1.6 cd	1.62±0.17 ab	5.19±0.30 c	84.3±5.5 d	25.64	21.3±1.1 ab
	热红1 Rehong 1	307.6±37.3 bc	28.9±3.1 bcd	1.64±0.25 ab	5.24±0.22 c	85.9±1.6 cd	24.23	21.6±1.5 ab
	湛油62 Zhanyou 62	293.1±40.5 cd	29.1±3.0 bcd	1.67±0.27 ab	5.10±0.44 c	84.7±1.9 d	25.33	21.8±1.2 ab

处理 Treatment	间作品种 Intercropping variety	有效茎长 Effective stem length/cm	茎径 Stem diameter/mm	单茎重 Single stem weigh/kg	有效茎数 Effective stalk mumbers/（10⁴·hm^-2）	产量 Yield/ （t·hm^-2）	减产率 Reduction rate/%	田间糖锤度 Brix/%
甘蔗单作 Sugarcane monocrop	ROC22	356.6±27.4 a	28.9±2.3 bcd	1.72±0.27 a	6.62±0.22 a	113.4±10.8a	—	22.5±1.4 ab
甘蔗/甜玉米间作 Sugarcane/ sweetcorn intercropping	中农甜414 Zhongnongtian 414	287.0±31.7 cd	27.3±2.3 cde	1.47±0.36 bc	3.24±0.08 d	47.5±5.1 e	58.13	22.7±1.1 a
	中农甜488 Zhongnongtian 488	285.6±28.4 cd	26.9±2.1 de	1.39±0.21 c	3.10±0.36 de	43.1±7.1 e	62.00	22.2±0.9 ab
	粤甜28 Yuetian 28	269.0±28.8 de	25.5±2.2 e	1.16±0.28 d	2.57±0.14 f	29.8±4.0 f	73.70	21.3±0.7 b
	华美甜9 Huameitian 9	253.1±25.2 e	26.7±1.6 de	1.12±0.23 d	2.81±0.22 def	31.9±8.1 f	71.86	21.6±1.2 ab
	正甜68 Zhengtian 68	248.7±23.0 e	25.3±1.6 e	1.15±0.20 d	2.72±0.14 ef	31.1±2.0 f	72.54	21.3±1.2 b
甘蔗/花生间作 Sugarcane/ peanut intercropping	湛红5 Zhanhong 5	304.3±24.9 bc	28.9±3.1 bcd	1.60±0.20 abc	5.13±0.30 c	82.9±9.5 d	26.85	21.3±1.6 ab
	湛油6 Zhanyou 6	315.8±20.2 bc	31.2±2.1 ab	1.69±0.10 ab	5.15±0.29 c	86.8±3.7 cd	23.47	22.7±1.4 a
	ZPG113	331.2±24.4 ab	29.7±1.4 abc	1.67±0.20 ab	5.72±0.38 b	95.2±9.1 bc	16.01	22.4±0.8 ab
	湛油1155 Zhanyou 1155	355.8±35.4 a	31.4±2.2 a	1.72±0.18 a	5.81±0.22 b	100.1±3.5 b	11.73	22.5±1.1 ab
	湛油75 Zhanyou 75	293.7±16.9 cd	28.4±1.6 cd	1.62±0.17 ab	5.19±0.30 c	84.3±5.5 d	25.64	21.3±1.1 ab
	热红1 Rehong 1	307.6±37.3 bc	28.9±3.1 bcd	1.64±0.25 ab	5.24±0.22 c	85.9±1.6 cd	24.23	21.6±1.5 ab
	湛油62 Zhanyou 62	293.1±40.5 cd	29.1±3.0 bcd	1.67±0.27 ab	5.10±0.44 c	84.7±1.9 d	25.33	21.8±1.2 ab

处理 Treatment	间作品种 Intercropping variety	产量 Yield/（t·hm^-2）	穗（仁）产量Ear （kernel） yield/（t·hm^-2）	净穗率（出仁率） Net ear （benevolent） rate/%	田间糖锤度（含油量） Brix（oil content）/%	秸秆输入量 Straw carbon input/（t·hm^-2）
甘蔗/甜玉米间作 Sugarcane/sweetcorn intercropping	中农甜414 Zhongnongtian 414	15.62±0.10 bc	11.91±1.29 ab	76.10	15.00±0.50 a	3.32±0.27 d
	中农甜488 Zhongnongtian 488	14.51±0.91 c	11.35±0.64 b	78.41	14.60±0.50 ab	4.25±0.69 d
	粤甜28 Yuetian 28	19.15±1.25 a	8.80±1.32 c	46.05	13.40±0.70 bc	11.59±1.07 a
	华美甜9 Huameitian 9	18.57±0.88 a	13.85±0.63 a	74.54	13.40±0.50 bc	6.37±0.36 c
	正甜68 Zhengtian 68	16.88±1.03 ab	10.61±0.81 bc	62.86	12.50±0.90 c	8.11±1.54 b
甘蔗/花生间作 Sugarcane/peanut intercropping	湛红5 Zhanhong 5	1.90±0.30 ab	0.93±0.17 ab	49.00	49.37±1.02 c	2.96±0.24 a
	湛油6 Zhanyou 6	1.70±0.19 b	0.84±0.10 b	49.69	52.24±1.03 b	2.19±0.11 bc
	ZPG113	1.66±0.16 b	0.88±0.08 b	53.07	—	2.16±0.45 bc
	湛油1155 Zhanyou 1155	2.21±0.19 a	1.10±0.13 a	49.77	56.16±0.32 a	2.75±0.30 ab
	湛油75 Zhanyou 75	1.87±0.24 ab	0.98±0.09 ab	52.17	55.01±1.61 a	2.00±0.28 c
	热红1 Rehong 1	1.75±0.05 b	1.10±0.05 a	62.93	49.27±1.07 c	2.19±0.50 bc
	湛油62 Zhanyou 62	1.80±0.14 b	1.00±0.07 ab	55.02	56.79±0.76 a	2.11±0.23 bc

处理 Treatment	间作品种 Intercropping variety	产量 Yield/（t·hm^-2）	穗（仁）产量Ear （kernel） yield/（t·hm^-2）	净穗率（出仁率） Net ear （benevolent） rate/%	田间糖锤度（含油量） Brix（oil content）/%	秸秆输入量 Straw carbon input/（t·hm^-2）
甘蔗/甜玉米间作 Sugarcane/sweetcorn intercropping	中农甜414 Zhongnongtian 414	15.62±0.10 bc	11.91±1.29 ab	76.10	15.00±0.50 a	3.32±0.27 d
	中农甜488 Zhongnongtian 488	14.51±0.91 c	11.35±0.64 b	78.41	14.60±0.50 ab	4.25±0.69 d
	粤甜28 Yuetian 28	19.15±1.25 a	8.80±1.32 c	46.05	13.40±0.70 bc	11.59±1.07 a
	华美甜9 Huameitian 9	18.57±0.88 a	13.85±0.63 a	74.54	13.40±0.50 bc	6.37±0.36 c
	正甜68 Zhengtian 68	16.88±1.03 ab	10.61±0.81 bc	62.86	12.50±0.90 c	8.11±1.54 b
甘蔗/花生间作 Sugarcane/peanut intercropping	湛红5 Zhanhong 5	1.90±0.30 ab	0.93±0.17 ab	49.00	49.37±1.02 c	2.96±0.24 a
	湛油6 Zhanyou 6	1.70±0.19 b	0.84±0.10 b	49.69	52.24±1.03 b	2.19±0.11 bc
	ZPG113	1.66±0.16 b	0.88±0.08 b	53.07	—	2.16±0.45 bc
	湛油1155 Zhanyou 1155	2.21±0.19 a	1.10±0.13 a	49.77	56.16±0.32 a	2.75±0.30 ab
	湛油75 Zhanyou 75	1.87±0.24 ab	0.98±0.09 ab	52.17	55.01±1.61 a	2.00±0.28 c
	热红1 Rehong 1	1.75±0.05 b	1.10±0.05 a	62.93	49.27±1.07 c	2.19±0.50 bc
	湛油62 Zhanyou 62	1.80±0.14 b	1.00±0.07 ab	55.02	56.79±0.76 a	2.11±0.23 bc

处理 Treatment	间作品种 Intercropping variety	甘蔗收益/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Sugarcane income/（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	甘蔗成本/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Sugarcane cost/（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	甘蔗利润/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Sugarcane profit/（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	间作收益/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Intercrop income/（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	间作成本/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Inter crop cost /（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	间作利润/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Inter crop income/（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	总利润/（10⁴元·hm^-2） Total profit /（10⁴ yuan·hm^-2）	利润增幅 Profit increase/%
甘蔗单作 Sugarcane monocrop	ROC22	5.556	3.546	2.010	—	—	—	2.010	—
甘蔗/甜玉米间作 Sugarcane/sweetcorn intercropping	中农甜414 Zhongnongtian 414	2.326	2.557	-0.231	4.999	1.5	3.499	3.268	62.56
	中农甜488 Zhongnongtian 488	2.117	2.491	-0.374	4.355	1.5	2.855	2.481	23.13
	粤甜28 Yuetian 28	1.461	2.292	-0.831	4.595	1.5	3.095	2.264	12.62
	华美甜9 Huameitian 9	1.563	2.323	-0.760	5.200	1.5	3.700	2.940	46.27
	正甜68 Zhengtian 68	1.526	2.312	-0.786	4.051	1.5	2.551	1.765	-12.22
甘蔗/花生间作 Sugarcane/peanut intercropping	湛红5 Zhanhong 5	4.064	2.996	1.068	1.520	0.6	0.920	1.988	-5.53
	湛油6 Zhanyou 6	4.252	3.100	1.152	1.359	0.6	0.759	1.911	-7.22
	ZPG113	4.666	3.273	1.393	1.987	0.6	1.387	2.780	38.30
	湛油1155 Zhanyou 1155	4.904	3.346	1.558	1.771	0.6	1.171	2.729	35.73
	湛油75 Zhanyou 75	4.131	3.032	1.099	1.497	0.6	0.897	1.996	-4.54
	热红1 Rehong 1	4.210	3.094	1.116	1.397	0.6	0.797	1.913	-6.84
	湛油62 Zhanyou 62	4.148	3.038	1.110	1.439	0.6	0.839	1.949	-6.84

甘蔗间作系统生产力分析及适宜品种筛选

Production Analysis and Selection of Suitable Varieties in Sugarcane Intercropping System

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