蓄雨型间歇灌溉模式下缓释肥对水稻生长、产量及水分利用的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0135

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索蓄雨型间歇灌溉模式下缓释肥水稻节水高产效益，在湖北省漳河灌区开展不同水肥处理下水稻生长特性、产量及耗水规律的测桶试验研究。设置传统淹水灌溉（W1）、蓄雨型间歇灌溉（W2）2种灌溉模式，传统肥（N1）、缓释肥（N2）2种肥料类型，共计4个处理，研究不同处理下水稻的生长特性、产量及水分利用。结果表明，蓄雨型间歇灌溉缓释肥对水稻生育前中期的分蘖产生抑制作用，有效控制了无效分蘖，所形成的旱涝胁迫对水稻株高没有产生明显抑制作用，最终产量与相同灌溉模式和相同施肥类型处理均无显著性差异，但缓释肥处理下，蓄雨型间歇灌溉的灌水量较淹水灌溉减少38.39%，灌溉次数减少9次，排水量减少56 mm，降雨利用率提高13.82%，耗水量减少23.68%，水分利用效率提高37.98%，灌溉水利用效率提高73.28%。由此可见，蓄雨型间歇灌溉模式下施用缓释肥在稳定水稻产量的同时，可减少灌排水量及灌溉次数，提高降雨及水分利用率，具有良好的节水保产效果。

关键词: 蓄雨型间歇灌溉, 缓释肥, 水稻, 生长特性, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to explore the water-saving and high-yielding benefits of slow-release fertilizers for rice under the rain-storing intermittent irrigation mode， a bucket test experiment was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics， yields and water consumption of rice under different water and fertilizer treatments in the Zhanghe irrigation district of Hubei province. The growth characteristics， yield and water use of rice under different treatments were studied under 2 irrigation modes （traditional flooding irrigation， W1； rain-storing intermittent irrigation， W2） coupled with 2 fertilization types （traditional fertilizer， N1； slow-release fertilizer， N2）. The results showed that the combination of rain-storing intermittent irrigation and slow-release fertilizer had an inhibitory effect on tillers in the early and middle stages of rice growth， which effectively controlled ineffective tillers. The drought and flood stress had significant inhibitory effect on the height of rice plants， and the final yield showed no significant difference under the same irrigation mode and fertilizer type. However， under the slow-release fertilizer treatment， rain-storing intermittent irrigation reduced water usage by 38.39%， reduced the number of irrigations by 9 times， reduced drainage by 56 mm， increased rainwater utilization efficiency by 13.82%， reduced water consumption by 23.68%， and increased water use efficiency by 37.98% and irrigation water use efficiency by 73.28%. Above results showed that the combination of rain-storing intermittent irrigation with slow-release fertilizer could stabilize rice yields， reduce irrigation and drainage volume and frequency， improve rainwater and water use efficiency， and have good water saving and yield increase effects.

Key words: rain-storing intermittent irrigation, slow-release fertilizer, rice, growth characteristic, yield, water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S271

张艺, 何军, 张宝龙, 张才军, 甘学华. 蓄雨型间歇灌溉模式下缓释肥对水稻生长、产量及水分利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(10): 195-205.

Yi ZHANG, Jun HE, Baolong ZHANG, Caijun ZHANG, Xuehua GAN. Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer on Growth， Yield and Water Use of Rice Under Rain-storing Intermittent Irrigation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(10): 195-205.

图/表 10

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灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	有效穗数 Number of productive ear/（10⁴·hm^-2）	穗粒数 Number of grains per ear	千粒重 1 000-seed weight/g	结实率 Fruition rate/%	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）
W1	N1	248.89±13.47 b	213.56±11.20 a	24.22±0.89 a	91.54±1.47 a	10 000.00±333.33 b
W1	N2	312.22±27.76 ab	180.78±17.31 b	24.11±1.41 a	93.66±0.56 a	12 222.22±693.89 a
W2	N1	306.67±11.55 ab	178.11±5.09 b	24.04±0.38 a	93.12±0.78 a	12 444.44±384.90 a
W2	N2	328.89±59.75 a	185.44±7.82 b	24.39±0.17 a	92.36±2.48 a	12 888.89±1 170.63 a
方差分析 Variance analysis	W	ns	*	ns	ns	**
	N	ns	ns	ns	ns	*
	W×N	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	有效穗数 Number of productive ear/（10⁴·hm^-2）	穗粒数 Number of grains per ear	千粒重 1 000-seed weight/g	结实率 Fruition rate/%	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）
W1	N1	248.89±13.47 b	213.56±11.20 a	24.22±0.89 a	91.54±1.47 a	10 000.00±333.33 b
W1	N2	312.22±27.76 ab	180.78±17.31 b	24.11±1.41 a	93.66±0.56 a	12 222.22±693.89 a
W2	N1	306.67±11.55 ab	178.11±5.09 b	24.04±0.38 a	93.12±0.78 a	12 444.44±384.90 a
W2	N2	328.89±59.75 a	185.44±7.82 b	24.39±0.17 a	92.36±2.48 a	12 888.89±1 170.63 a
方差分析 Variance analysis	W	ns	*	ns	ns	**
	N	ns	ns	ns	ns	*
	W×N	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	灌水量 Amount of irrigation/mm							总灌水量 Total irrigation amount/mm	总灌溉数 Total irrigation times
灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	返青期 Regreening stage	分蘖前期 Tillering initiation stage	分蘖后期Tillering elongation stage	拔节孕穗期Booting stage	抽穗开花期Flowering stage	乳熟期 Milk Ripening stage	黄熟期 Mature stage	总灌水量 Total irrigation amount/mm	总灌溉数 Total irrigation times
W1	N1	14.33 a	98.33 b	132.00 a	47.00 b	229.67 ab	272.67 a	37.33 a	831.33 b	19 a
W1	N2	22.00 a	145.33 a	193.33 a	52.33 b	270.00 a	313.67 a	20.00 a	1 016.67 a	22 a
W2	N1	18.33 a	40.67 c	0.00 b	90.00 a	190.00 b	271.33 a	0.00 a	610.33 c	12 b
W2	N2	28.67 a	38.33 c	0.00 b	93.33 a	193.33 b	272.67 a	0.00 a	626.33 c	13 b
方差分析 Variance Analysis	W	ns	**	**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
	N	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
	W×N	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	灌水量 Amount of irrigation/mm							总灌水量 Total irrigation amount/mm	总灌溉数 Total irrigation times
灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	返青期 Regreening stage	分蘖前期 Tillering initiation stage	分蘖后期Tillering elongation stage	拔节孕穗期Booting stage	抽穗开花期Flowering stage	乳熟期 Milk Ripening stage	黄熟期 Mature stage	总灌水量 Total irrigation amount/mm	总灌溉数 Total irrigation times
W1	N1	14.33 a	98.33 b	132.00 a	47.00 b	229.67 ab	272.67 a	37.33 a	831.33 b	19 a
W1	N2	22.00 a	145.33 a	193.33 a	52.33 b	270.00 a	313.67 a	20.00 a	1 016.67 a	22 a
W2	N1	18.33 a	40.67 c	0.00 b	90.00 a	190.00 b	271.33 a	0.00 a	610.33 c	12 b
W2	N2	28.67 a	38.33 c	0.00 b	93.33 a	193.33 b	272.67 a	0.00 a	626.33 c	13 b
方差分析 Variance Analysis	W	ns	**	**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
	N	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
	W×N	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

灌溉模式 Irrigation model	肥料类型 Fertilization type	降雨量 Rainfall/mm	排水量 Displacement/mm	降雨利用率 Rainfall utilization rate/%
W1	N1	461.3	73.00 a	84.18 b
W1	N2	461.3	56.00 a	87.86 b
W2	N1	461.3	2.33 b	99.49 a
W2	N2	461.3	0.00 b	100.00 a
方差分析 Variance Analysis	W	—	*	*
	N	—	ns	ns
	W×N	—	ns	ns