梨果实酚类物质组成及含量差异研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0729

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 153-161.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0729

• 食品质量加工储运 • 上一篇

梨果实酚类物质组成及含量差异研究

周晓凤¹^,²(), 李湘钰¹^,³, 冯岚³, 吴翠云¹^,³()

^1.塔里木大学，南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室，新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
^2.塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
^3.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2023-10-05 接受日期:2024-04-09 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
通讯作者: 吴翠云
作者简介:周晓凤 E-mail：853843047@qq.com；
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区南疆重点产业支撑计划项目(2017DB006);兵团园艺产业创新人才培养示范基地项目(2019CB001)

Study on Differences in Phenolic Composition and Content of Pear Fruit

Xiaofeng ZHOU¹^,²(), Xiangyu LI¹^,³, Lan FENG³, Cuiyun WU¹^,³()

^1.National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees，Key Laboratory of Biology Conservation and Utilization Corps of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps，Tarim University，Xinjiang Alar 843300，China
^2.College of Life Science and Technology，Tarim University，Xinjiang Alar 843300，China
^3.College of Hticulture and Forestry，Tarim University，Xinjiang Alar 843300，China

Received:2023-10-05 Accepted:2024-04-09 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-03-14
Contact: Cuiyun WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步明确梨果实中酚类物质含量的空间分布特征，选取晚秀和85-8-13为试材，采用紫外分光光度法及高效液相色谱法，开展梨果实不同部位总黄酮、总酚及酚类物质组成含量的分布差异研究。结果表明，晚秀和85-8-13果实不同部位的总酚、总黄酮含量均表现为果皮>果核>果肉（上、中、下、内、外），且85-18-13果实各部位的总酚、总黄酮含量均显著高于晚秀。梨果实中检测出熊果苷、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮葡萄糖苷、槲皮素鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷、莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷共13种酚类物质，其中晚秀果实中的酚类物质的种类更多，而85-18-13酚类物质的含量更高。梨果实中各酚类物质含量均表现为果皮>果核>果肉，且近果梗处果肉的熊果苷含量均高于其他部位；其次为近萼洼处果肉的绿原酸、表儿茶素含量较高。主成分综合评价表明，果皮得分远高于果核及果肉，晚秀在近果心和萼洼处果肉的酚类物质含量较高，而85-8-13在近果梗和萼洼处果肉的酚类物质含量略高于其余部位。以上研究结果为梨品质调控与遗传改良提供了补充和参考。

关键词: 梨, 部位, 黄酮, 总酚, 酚类物质

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of phenolic content in pear fruits， Wanxiu and 85-8-13 were as the test materials， and the distribution differences of total flavonoids， total phenols and phenolic composition content in different parts of pear fruits were investigated by UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in different parts of Wanxiu and 85-8-13 fruits were all showed peel>kernel>pulp （upper， middle， lower， inner and outer）， and the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in all parts of 85-18-13 fruits were significantly higher than those of Wanxiu. A total of 13 phenolics substances including arbutin， catechin， chlorogenic acid， epicatechin， rutin， quercetin glucoside， quercetin rhamnoside， kaempferol-dideoxyhexoside， kaempferol-3-O-glucoside， kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside， isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside， isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside， campheferol-3-O-rutinoside were detected in pear fruit， among which， Wanxiu fruit had a wide variety of phenolic substances components and 85-18-13 had higher content of phenolic substances fraction. The distribution of various phenolic substances in pear fruits showed peel>kernel>pulp， and the content of arbutin in the pulp near the pedicel was higher than those in other parts of fruit， and the contents of chlorogenic acid and epicatechin were higher in the pulp near the calyx pits. Comprehensive evaluation of the main components showed that the score of peel was much higher than those of kernel and pulp， the contents of phenolics in pulp near fruit centre and calyx pits of Wanxiu were higher， while the contents of phenolics in pulp near fruit peduncle and calyx pits of 85-8-13 were slightly higher than those of the rest of the parts. Above results provided a supplement and reference for pear quality control and genetic improvement.

Key words: pear, parts, flavonoids, phenols, phenolic substances

中图分类号:

S661

周晓凤, 李湘钰, 冯岚, 吴翠云. 梨果实酚类物质组成及含量差异研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 153-161.

Xiaofeng ZHOU, Xiangyu LI, Lan FENG, Cuiyun WU. Study on Differences in Phenolic Composition and Content of Pear Fruit[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 153-161.

图/表 7

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组分 Component	晚秀 Wanxiu	85-8-13	显著性Significant
熊果苷Arbutin	989.22	1 255.70	**
儿茶素 Catechin	85.71	73.40	**
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	175.47	483.53	**
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	182.92	369.17	**
山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	0.18	**
芦丁 Rutin	18.35	118.44	**
莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	9.05	**
槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—
槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	18.22	ns
异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—
山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	311.40	**
异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	0.89	3.05	**
山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	31.37	ns

组分 Component	晚秀 Wanxiu	85-8-13	显著性Significant
熊果苷Arbutin	989.22	1 255.70	**
儿茶素 Catechin	85.71	73.40	**
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	175.47	483.53	**
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	182.92	369.17	**
山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	0.18	**
芦丁 Rutin	18.35	118.44	**
莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	9.05	**
槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—
槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	18.22	ns
异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—
山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	311.40	**
异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	0.89	3.05	**
山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	31.37	ns

品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	果肉Pulp
品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	上部 Upper	中部 Middle	下部 Lower	内部 Internal	外部External
晚秀 Wanxiu	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	18.35	—	—	—	—	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	1.37	0.41	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	—	—	—	—	—	—
85-8-13	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	0.18	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	236.27	—	—	—	0.62	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	16.82	—	—	—	1.28	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	18.22	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	620.85	—	—	—	1.94	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	3.05	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	31.37	—	—	—	—	—	—

品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	果肉Pulp
品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	上部 Upper	中部 Middle	下部 Lower	内部 Internal	外部External
晚秀 Wanxiu	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	18.35	—	—	—	—	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	1.37	0.41	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	—	—	—	—	—	—
85-8-13	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	0.18	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	236.27	—	—	—	0.62	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	16.82	—	—	—	1.28	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	18.22	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	620.85	—	—	—	1.94	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	3.05	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	31.37	—	—	—	—	—	—

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	晚秀Wanxiu	85-8-13
熊果苷Arbutin	0.993	0.998
儿茶素 Catechin	0.993	0.995
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	0.528	0.798
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	0.999	1.000
山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	0.997	0.996
芦丁 Rutin	0.997	0.996
莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	0.997	0.993
槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	0.997	—
槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	0.997	0.996
异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	0.997	—
山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	0.997	0.996
异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	0.975	0.996
山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	0.997	0.996
特征值 Eigenvalue	12.148	10.559
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	93.448	95.993
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	93.448	95.993

梨果实酚类物质组成及含量差异研究

Study on Differences in Phenolic Composition and Content of Pear Fruit

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Metrics

部位 Part	晚秀 Wanxiu			85-8-13
部位 Part	Y	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Ranking	Y	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Ranking
上部果肉 Upper pulp	-1.46	-1.36	6	-1.33	-1.28	4
中部果肉 Middle pulp	-1.43	-1.34	4	-1.39	-1.33	6
下部果肉 Lower pulp	-1.43	-1.34	4	-1.25	-1.20	3
内部果肉 Internal pulp	-1.42	-1.33	3	-1.41	-1.36	7
外部果肉 External pulp	-1.45	-1.35	5	-1.38	-1.32	5
果核 Stone	-0.69	-0.64	2	-0.58	-0.55	2
果皮 Peel	7.88	7.36	1	7.34	7.05	1

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