基于核心专利识别视角的作物生物育种核心技术研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0683

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 35-48.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0683

基于核心专利识别视角的作物生物育种核心技术研究

贾倩¹(), 叶飒²(), 张辉¹, 串丽敏¹, 赵静娟¹()

^1.北京市农林科学院数据科学与农业经济研究所，北京 100097
^2.中国农业科学院农业信息研究所，国家新闻出版署农业融合出版知识挖掘与知识服务重点实验室，北京 100081

收稿日期:2023-09-14 接受日期:2023-11-07 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
通讯作者: 赵静娟
作者简介:贾倩 E-mail：jq19880701@163.com
叶飒 E-mail：yesa@caas.cn第一联系人：贾倩与叶飒为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
北京市农林科学院青年科研基金项目(QNJJ202226);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230208);国家新闻出版署农业融合出版知识挖掘与知识服务重点实验室开放基金项目(2023KMKS01)

Research on Core Technology of Crop Biological Breeding Based on the Perspective of Core Patent Identification

Qian JIA¹(), Sa YE²(), Hui ZHANG¹, Limin CHUAN¹, Jingjuan ZHAO¹()

^1.Institute of Data Science and Agricultural Economics，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Beijing 100097，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Knowledge Mining and Knowledge Services in Agricultural Converging Publishing，National Press and Publication Administration，Agricultural Information Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2023-09-14 Accepted:2023-11-07 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-03-14
Contact: Jingjuan ZHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物育种是种业创新的核心，是种源核心技术攻关的重要手段。明晰作物生物育种核心技术，对我国战略性部署育种技术研发、破解种源“卡脖子”、实现种业现代化以及建设种业强国具有指导意义。基于Derwent Innovation专利数据库，围绕核心技术特征构建核心特征测度指数，结合专家智慧识别作物生物育种领域核心专利，通过计量分析和文本挖掘，从研发机构、布局区域和技术分布视角分析领域核心专利布局概况，洞察作物生物育种核心技术研发热点和重点演变趋势，经专家研判识别出五大作物生物育种核心技术主题，并结合我国作物生物育种核心技术发展现状，基于转基因技术和基因组编辑技术对我国未来生物育种研发与产业化进行了展望。

关键词: 生物育种, 核心专利, 熵值法, 核心特征测度指数, 核心技术, 文本挖掘

Abstract:

Biological breeding is the core of seed industry innovation and an important measure to tackle key technology of seed sources. Clarifying the core technology of crop biological breeding has guiding significance for China’s strategic deployment of breeding technology research and development （R&D）， cracking the “bottleneck” problems of seed sources， achieving modernization of the seed industry， and country construction with powerful seed industry. Based on the Derwent Innovation patent database， the core characteristics measurement index （CCI） was constructed based on core technical features， and combined expert intelligence to identify core patents in the field of crop biological breeding. Through quantitative analysis and text mining， the layout overview of core patents in the field was analyzed from the perspectives of R&D institutions， layout areas， and technology distribution， and R&D hotspots and key points evolution trends of core technologies in crop biological breeding were concluded. Furthermore， five core technology themes of crop biological breeding had been identified with expert analysis， and prospects for the future research and industrialization of biological breeding in China were presented based on transgenic technology and genome editing technology according to the current development status of crop biological breeding core technology in China.

Key words: biological breeding, core patents, entropy method, core characteristic measurement index, core technology, text mining

中图分类号:

S336

贾倩, 叶飒, 张辉, 串丽敏, 赵静娟. 基于核心专利识别视角的作物生物育种核心技术研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 35-48.

Qian JIA, Sa YE, Hui ZHANG, Limin CHUAN, Jingjuan ZHAO. Research on Core Technology of Crop Biological Breeding Based on the Perspective of Core Patent Identification[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 35-48.

图/表 10

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专利申请 Patent applicant	专利数量Patent number	国家 Country	重要主题词 Key theme word
陶氏益农 Dow Agrosciences	31	美国 USA	DNA、新转基因植物、防控鳞翅目害虫、转基因、特异性碱基对序列 DNA， new transgenic plant， controlling lepidopteran pests， transgenic， specific base pair sequence
Broad研究所 Broad Institute	23	美国 USA	CRISPR酶系统、修改表达、基因产物、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， altering expression， gene product， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology	23	美国 USA	CRISPR酶系统、修改表达、基因产物、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， altering expression， gene product， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
孟山都 Monsanto	19	德国Germany	昆虫、转基因植物、防控鳞翅目害虫、防控杂草 Insect， transgenic plant， controlling lepidopteran pests， controlling weeds
哈佛大学 Harvard University	15	美国 USA	CRISPR酶系统、修改表达、基因产物、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， altering expression， gene product， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
维也纳大学 University of Vienna	15	奥地利Austria	特异性碱基对序列、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异、定点 Specific base pair sequence， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific， site-directed
加利福尼亚大学 University of California	15	美国 USA	特异性碱基对序列、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异、定点 Specific base pair sequence， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific， site-directed
科迪华 Corteva	10	美国 USA	DNA、粘虫、转基因、防控鳞翅目害虫、昆虫、新转基因植物 DNA， armyworm insect， transgenic， controlling lepidopteran pests， insect， new transgenic plant

专利申请 Patent applicant	专利数量Patent number	国家 Country	重要主题词 Key theme word
陶氏益农 Dow Agrosciences	31	美国 USA	DNA、新转基因植物、防控鳞翅目害虫、转基因、特异性碱基对序列 DNA， new transgenic plant， controlling lepidopteran pests， transgenic， specific base pair sequence
Broad研究所 Broad Institute	23	美国 USA	CRISPR酶系统、修改表达、基因产物、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， altering expression， gene product， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology	23	美国 USA	CRISPR酶系统、修改表达、基因产物、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， altering expression， gene product， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
孟山都 Monsanto	19	德国Germany	昆虫、转基因植物、防控鳞翅目害虫、防控杂草 Insect， transgenic plant， controlling lepidopteran pests， controlling weeds
哈佛大学 Harvard University	15	美国 USA	CRISPR酶系统、修改表达、基因产物、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， altering expression， gene product， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
维也纳大学 University of Vienna	15	奥地利Austria	特异性碱基对序列、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异、定点 Specific base pair sequence， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific， site-directed
加利福尼亚大学 University of California	15	美国 USA	特异性碱基对序列、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异、定点 Specific base pair sequence， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific， site-directed
科迪华 Corteva	10	美国 USA	DNA、粘虫、转基因、防控鳞翅目害虫、昆虫、新转基因植物 DNA， armyworm insect， transgenic， controlling lepidopteran pests， insect， new transgenic plant

国际专利分类号 International patent classification	释义Definition	专利数量Patents number
C12N15	突变或遗传工程Mutation or genetic engineering	91
A01H5	特征在于其植物部分的被子植物Angiosperms	44
C12N9	酶和酶原及其制备、活化、抑制、分离、纯化方法Enzymes and proenzymes， and methods of their preparation， activation， inhibition， separation， and purification	23
A01N63	杀生物剂、驱虫剂、引诱剂或植物生长调节剂Biocides， repellents， attractants， or plant growth regulators	22
A01H1	基因型改良方法Methods for genotype modification	19
C12N5	未分化的细胞、组织及其培养或维持Undifferentiated cells， tissues， and their cultivation or maintenance	17
A61K38	含肽的医药配制品Pharmaceutical preparations containing peptide	15
A61K48	含有插入到活体细胞中的遗传物质以治疗遗传病的医药配制品；基因治疗Pharmaceutical preparations containing genetic material inserted into living cells for the treatment of genetic diseases； gene therapy	15
A01K67	饲养或养殖其他类不包含的动物；动物新品种Raising animals that are not included in other categories； new animal species	13
A01P7	杀节肢动物剂Arthrocides	12

国际专利分类号 International patent classification	释义Definition	专利数量Patents number
C12N15	突变或遗传工程Mutation or genetic engineering	91
A01H5	特征在于其植物部分的被子植物Angiosperms	44
C12N9	酶和酶原及其制备、活化、抑制、分离、纯化方法Enzymes and proenzymes， and methods of their preparation， activation， inhibition， separation， and purification	23
A01N63	杀生物剂、驱虫剂、引诱剂或植物生长调节剂Biocides， repellents， attractants， or plant growth regulators	22
A01H1	基因型改良方法Methods for genotype modification	19
C12N5	未分化的细胞、组织及其培养或维持Undifferentiated cells， tissues， and their cultivation or maintenance	17
A61K38	含肽的医药配制品Pharmaceutical preparations containing peptide	15
A61K48	含有插入到活体细胞中的遗传物质以治疗遗传病的医药配制品；基因治疗Pharmaceutical preparations containing genetic material inserted into living cells for the treatment of genetic diseases； gene therapy	15
A01K67	饲养或养殖其他类不包含的动物；动物新品种Raising animals that are not included in other categories； new animal species	13
A01P7	杀节肢动物剂Arthrocides	12

申请年份Application year	专利数量 Patent number	重要主题词 Key theme word
2006	5	成分、防控杂草、大豆植株 Composition， controlling weeds， soybean plant
2008	1	成分、转基因植物、昆虫、除草剂抗性 Composition， transgenic plant， insect， herbicide resistance
2009	5	转基因、玉米、棉花、大豆植株 Transgenic， corn， cotton， soybean plant
2010	34	DNA、防控鳞翅目害虫、新转基因植物、相应的野生型Cry1Ca、杀虫活性 DNA， controlling lepidopteran pests， new transgenic plant， corresponding wild-type Cry1Ca， insecticidal activity
2011	5	转基因植物、玉米、序列 Transgenic plant， corn， sequences
2012	6	植物、DNA、成分、防控鳞翅目害虫、昆虫、新转基因植物、DNA编码crystal 1Fa杀虫蛋白、特异性碱基对序列 Plant， DNA， composition， controlling lepidopteran pests， insect， new transgenic plant， DNA encoding crystal 1Fa insecticidal protein， specific base pair sequence
2013	33	CRISPR酶系统、植物、特异性碱基对序列、靶标DNA、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异性修饰、多肽、定点、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， plant， specific base pair sequence， target DNA， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific modification， polypeptide， site-directed， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
2016	9	CRISPR酶系统、特异性碱基对序列、靶标DNA、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异性修饰、多肽、定点、间隔短回文重复CRISPR CRISPR enzyme system， specific base pair sequence， target DNA， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific modification， polypeptide， site-directed， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
2017	1	昆虫、CRISPR酶系统、间隔短回文重复CRISPR Insect， CRISPR enzyme system， interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-CRISPR
2019	3	特异性碱基对序列、靶标DNA、新DNA靶标RNA、进行位点特异性修饰、多肽、定点 Specific base pair sequence， new DNA-targeting RNA， performing site-specific modification， polypeptide， site-directed

基于核心专利识别视角的作物生物育种核心技术研究

Research on Core Technology of Crop Biological Breeding Based on the Perspective of Core Patent Identification

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序号Order	核心技术主题 Core technology theme	核心专利Core patents	申请时间Application time（y/m）	核心特征测度指数均值Mean of CCI	主要申请人 Main applicant
1	外源基因转化技术体系改进与优化Improvement and optimization of exogenous gene transformation technology system	4	2007	0.104	孟山都Monsanto
2	RNA干扰遗传转化体系构建Construction of RNA interference genetic transformation system	8	2011/8	0.095	孟山都Monsanto
3	CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统构建 Construction of CRISPR/Cas gene editing system	41	2014/8	0.102	Broad研究所、麻省理工学院、哈佛大学、维也纳大学、加利福尼亚大学Broad Institute， Massachusetts Institute of technology， Harvard University， University of Vienna， University of California
4	抗虫、抗除草剂基因挖掘及转基因品种鉴定 Discovery of insect and herbicide resistance genes and identification of transgenic varieties	54	2010/4	0.077	陶氏益农、科迪华、孟山都 Dow Agrosciences， Corteva， Monsanto
5	综合性状改良基因挖掘及转基因品种选育 Comprehensive trait improvement gene mining and transgenic variety breeding	8	2009/4	0.090	美国无烟烟草公司、孟山都 U.S. Smokeless Tobacco， Monsanto

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