ABA缓解谷子幼苗干旱胁迫生理特性分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0876

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究苗期干旱胁迫对谷子生理特性的影响以及外源脱落酸（abscisic acid， ABA）的缓解效应，以不同耐旱性谷子品种济谷22和鲁谷1号为材料进行盆栽试验。研究苗期20% PEG6000模拟脱水胁迫下，喷施0.1 mmol L^-1 ABA对抗旱性不同谷子形态指标，抗氧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase， APX）活性，丙二醛（malondialdehyd， MDA）、脯氨酸（proline， Pro）、可溶性糖（soluble sugar， SS）和可溶性蛋白（soluble protein， SP）含量等生理特性的影响。结果表明，干旱胁迫4 d后济谷22相对苗高为81.49%，高于鲁谷1号。2个品种叶片MDA含量在干旱胁迫后均增加，在胁迫的第7天济谷22的MDA含量较对照增加3.03%，鲁谷1号比对照增加33.61%，施用外源ABA后MDA含量显著减少。同时，施用外源ABA促进2个品种超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase， SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase， POD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase， CAT）和APX活性大幅增加；渗透调节物质Pro、SS和SP大量合成，维持细胞渗透调节，从而缓解干旱胁迫对谷子幼苗的损伤。干旱胁迫下，外源ABA的施用对耐旱品种济谷22的作用更明显；对鲁谷1号的影响相对较弱，尤其是在干旱胁迫的第7天，生理特性恢复慢。综上可知，ABA能有效缓解谷子苗期干旱胁迫对生理功能的损伤，减轻干旱对幼苗生长的影响。耐旱性不同的谷子对ABA的敏感性不同，抗旱性强的品种对ABA较敏感，喷施ABA对干旱的缓解作用明显。研究结果对于揭示谷子应答干旱胁迫的生理机制以及外源激素ABA的应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 谷子, 干旱胁迫, 脱落酸, 生理特性

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics of foxtail millet at seedling stage and the alleviating effect of exogenous abscisic acid （ABA）， different drought tolerant foxtail millet varieties Jigu 22 and Lugu 1 were used as materials to conduct pot experiment. The effects of 20% PEG6000 simulated dehydration stress at seedling stage and spraying 0.1 mmol L^-1 ABA on morphological character， activities of antioxidant enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）， contents of malondialdehyd （MDA）， proline （Pro）， soluble sugar （SS） and soluble protein （SP） in 2 different foxtail millet varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the relative seedling height of Jigu 22 after drought stress for 4 d was 81.49%，which was higher than that of Lugu 1. MDA content in leaves of the 2 varieties increased after drought stress. On the 7th day of stress， MDA content in Jigu 22 increased by 3.03%， and that in Lugu 1 increased by 33.61% compared with control. The MDA content was significantly reduced after application of exogenous ABA. Exogenous ABA promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）， peroxidase（POD）， catalase（CAT） and APX. Osmotic adjustment substances Pro， SS and SP were synthesized in large amounts to maintain osmoregulation and alleviate the damage of drought stress on foxtail millet seedlings. The effect of exogenous ABA on the drought-tolerant variety Jigu 22 was more obvious under drought stress. The effect of exogenous ABA on Lugu 1 was relatively weak， especially on the 7th day of drought stress， and the physiological and growth characteristics recovered slowly. In summary， ABA could effectively alleviate the damage of physiological function and the effect of drought stress on seedling growth of foxtail millet. Different drought resistance varieties foxtail millet had different sensitivity to ABA. The varieties with strong drought resistance were more sensitive to ABA， the mitigation effect of ABA on drought was more obvious. Above results provided theoretical bases for revealing the physiological mechanism of foxtail millet response to drought stress and the application of exogenous ABA.

Key words: foxtail millet, drought stress, abscisic acid, physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

S515

秦岭, 王艳珂, 陈二影, 杨延兵, 黎飞飞, 张梦媛, 管延安. ABA缓解谷子幼苗干旱胁迫生理特性分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 36-44.

ling QIN, Yanke WANG, Erying CHEN, Yanbing YANG, Feifei LI, Mengyuan ZHANG, Yanan GUAN. Analysis of Physiological Characteristics About ABA Alleviating Foxtail Millet Seedling Stage Under Drought Stress[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 36-44.

图/表 10

图1 不同处理下的谷子表型

Fig. 1 Foxtail millet phenotypes under different treatments

表1 不同处理下谷子苗高 (cm)

Table 1 Height of foxtail millet seedlings under different treatments

胁迫时间 Stress time/d	济谷22 Jigu 22			鲁谷1号 Lugu 1
胁迫时间 Stress time/d	CK	PEG	PEG+ABA	CK	PEG	PEG+ABA
1	17.38±0.29 a	17.30±0.64 a	17.34±0.70 a	19.60±1.01 a	19.01±1.06 a	19.16±0.87 a
4	25.13±1.27 a	20.48±1.17 c	21.27±1.22 b	28.61±0.97 a	22.45±0.79 c	23.45±0.94 b
7	31.05±1.58 a	21.23±1.12 b	22.14±0.77 b	33.48±1.02 a	22.85±0.91 c	23.97±1.04 b

图2 不同处理下2个谷子品种MDA含量注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Malondialdehyde content of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同处理下2个谷子品种SOD酶活性注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 SOD activity of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同处理下2个谷子品种POD酶活性注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 POD activity of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同处理下2个谷子品种CAT酶活性注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 CAT activity of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同处理下2个谷子品种APX酶活性注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 APX activity of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 不同处理下2个谷子品种脯氨酸含量注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 Pro content of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图8 不同处理下2个谷子品种可溶性糖含量注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 8 SS content of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图9 不同处理下2个谷子品种可溶性蛋白含量注：同一胁迫时间中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 9 SP content of 2 foxtail millet varieties under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stress time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

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