Abstract: Taking the S. transiliense desert degraded grassland in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain as the research object, this paper studied the effects of nomadic and settled on soil properties, soil fungi community composition and diversity in S. transiliense desert grassland by setting two gradients of light grazing (LG) and heavy grazing (HG) in nomadic and settled plots. The results showed that ：The content of soil organic carbon and available phosphorus in nomadic plots were significantly higher than that in settled plots (P<0.05), and the content of LG-N was the highest. A total of 590 662 valid sequences and 7 124 OTUs were detected in soil samples, including 8 phyla, 337 genera of fungi in which Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were dominant phylum, and  Mycocentrospora and Penicillium were the dominant genus of nomadic and settled plots respectively. The relative abundance of unidentified genera reached 41.73% and 54.31% respectively. The Chao1 richness index of the LG-N was significantly higher than that of the LG-S, which were 730.350 and 497.446, respectively. There was no significant difference in the Shannon diversity index. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon and available phosphorus were significantly positively correlated with Ascomycota and Zygomycetes, and negatively correlated with Unidentified; soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus and Glomeromycota, soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen and Rozellomycota gates showed significantly positive correlation. In summary, the nomadic light grazing soil fungi information was abundant, which could provide theoretical basis for the restoration and sustainable development of the degraded grassland of S. transiliense desert degraded grassland.

Key words: nomadic grazing, settled grazing, high-throughput sequencing, fungi community, soil physical and chemical properties

摘要： 以新疆天山北坡伊犁绢蒿荒漠退化草地为研究对象，在游牧和定居样地设置轻度放牧、重度放牧2个梯度，研究游牧和定居对伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地土壤性质、土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响。结果表明：游牧样地土壤有机碳、速效磷含量显著高于定居样地（P<0.05），且游牧轻度放牧样地含量最高。土壤样品中共检测到590 662条有效序列数，7 124个OTUs，其中包括8个真菌门337个属，子囊菌门、担子菌门为优势菌门。游牧和定居样地的优势菌属分别为菌刺孢属和青霉属，占比分别为4.52%和3.84%，未鉴定菌属相对丰度分别达到了41.73%和54.31%。游牧轻度放牧样地真菌群落Chao1丰富度指数显著高于定居轻度放牧样地，分别为730.350和497.446，Shannon多样性指数无显著差异。相关性分析表明，土壤有机碳、速效磷与子囊菌门、接合菌门呈显著正相关，与未鉴定门呈显著负相关；土壤全磷、速效磷与球囊菌门以及土壤全氮、速效氮与罗兹菌门均呈极显著正相关。综上，游牧轻度放牧土壤真菌信息较为丰富，可为伊犁绢蒿荒漠退化草地的恢复和可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 游牧, 定居, 高通量测序, 真菌群落, 土壤理化性质