Abstract: To reveal the phenotype and ginsenoside content differences of the Changbo and the Ermaya, this paper measured the phenotype and ginsenoside content of two kinds of 14-year-old forest cultivated  Panax ginseng, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanism of the differences between the leaves, the rhizoma and the root of the two types of ginseng to screen the differentially expressed genes, and then 7 important genes were verificatified in the rhizoma using qRT-PCR. The rhizoma of  Ermaya  was more shorter and thicker than that of Changbo, and it had high yield. A total of 124 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis, of which 76 were down-regulated and 48 were up-regulated in leaves. A total of 604 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis, of which 321 were down-regulated and 283 were up-regulated in rhizoma. A total of 89 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis, of which 58 were down-regulated and 31 were up-regulated in leaves.Through enrichment analysis of KEGG metabolic pathway,differentially expressed genes were enriched into 16, 70 and 17 metabolic pathways. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated differential genes were mainly annotated to biological functions such as starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results provided theoretical references for the selection of species and the molecular mechanism that reveals the differences of forest cultivated Panax ginseng.

Key words: Ermaya, Changbo, phenotype, ginsenoside, transcriptome

摘要： 为分析二马牙和长脖类型林下参不同组织中人参皂苷含量存在差异的分子机制，测量同一环境下14年生两种林下参表型及人参皂苷含量，利用高通量测序技术对两种类型林下参的叶片、芦头及主根进行转录组测序，筛选差异表达基因，并对芦头的7个差异基因进行了qRT-PCR验证。表型分析结果表明，与长脖相比，二马牙芦头短粗、须根发达、根部及地上部分均更粗壮、产量高。转录组分析结果显示，2种类型林下参叶片、芦头、主根中分别有124、604、89个差异基因，上调基因分别有48、283、31个，下调基因分别有76、321、58个；通过KEGG代谢通路富集分析，差异基因分别富集到16、70、17个通路中，主要注释到淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物激素信号转导通路以及苯乙醇苷生物合成通路中。研究结果为林下参的品种选择以及揭示林下参表型差异的分子机制提供理论参考。

关键词: 二马牙, 长脖, 表型, 人参皂苷, 转录组