Table of Content

15 September 2021, Volume 23 Issue 9

Previous Issue    Next Issue

International Policy on Low Level Presence of Genetically Modified Products and the Enlightenment to China

HUANG Yaohui, JIAO Yue, FU Zhongwen

2021, 23(9):  1-11.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0400

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1810KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

With the number of genetically modified crops approved in different countries/regions, the planting area of genetically modified crops  gradually increased, and the proportion of genetically modified products in international agricultural trade also increased. In the international agricultural trade, the risk of trade disruption due to the low level presence (low level presence, LLP) of genetically modified products problem is increasing, so many aspects of Chinas agricultural industry will be affected. In January 2020, corresponding requirements on “the LLP policies of Genetically Modified Products” were made in the <Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the Peoples Republic of China and the Government of the United States of America>signed by China and the United States. From the global application of genetically modified crops, this article classified the worlds major economies according to the trade situation of genetically modified soybeans and their products,  analyzed the definitions and related policies of LLP of major international organizations and import and export countries/regions, and put forward suggestions for China to formulating LLP-related policies.

Application of  Metabolome-based Genome-wide Association Study in Plant

YUAN Jincheng, MENG Yaxuan, SUN Yingqi, ZHAO Xinyue, WANG Fengxia, LIU Yinghui

2021, 23(9):  12-18.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0948

Asbtract ( )   PDF (977KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Plants have the ability to create diverse compounds known as metabolites, these compounds not only mediate plant growth and development, but also play important roles in defense mechanisms of plant. In addition, many metabolites are desirable as nutrition and medicine for humans. Metabolomics enables comprehensive high throughput quantification of metabolites, which is valuable for both phenotype and genes. Recent researches showed that GWAS coupled with metabolome analysis (mGWAS) exhibited great potential to dissect the genetic and biochemical bases of metabolome diversity. This paper reviewed mGWAS as a powerful tool for exploring the basis of physiology and biology in plant productivity and quality, the metabolic and molecular mechanisms of metabolites in regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. It summarized current advance of plant physiology and biology in metabolites and metabolic networks. In addition, the application of mGWAS in crop improvement and its future prospect were also discussed.

Research Progress of Ubiquitin/26S Proteasome Pathway Regulating Crop Seed Size

CUI Chao, ZHAO Ahui, LI Fang, GAO Xiang, XING Lingling , DONG Jian, ZHAO Wanchun, YANG Mingming,

2021, 23(9):  19-29.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0053

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3329KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Ubiquitin/26S proteasome system (UPS) is an essential pathway of protein ubiquitination. As a post-translational modification process, UPS plays an important role in all crop growth and development stages. Many studies have shown that ubiquitin receptor protein,  E3 ubiquitin ligase, and deubiquitinase in UPS could coordinate with each other. By connecting or removing different amounts of ubiquitin on the target protein, they could mediate the degradation of the target protein, change the subcellular localization and protein activity and regulate the seed size. This paper reviewed the research progress of ubiquitin/26S proteasome system regulating seed size in different crops. Its future development was prospected to provide a reference for the study of seed size regulation mechanism and breeding improvement.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of GH9 Gene Family in Gossypium barbadense L.

LIU Zhengwen, WANG Xingfen, MENG Chengsheng, ZHANG Yan, SUN Zhengwen, WU Liqiang, MA Zhiying, ZHANG Guiyin

2021, 23(9):  30-45.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0312

Asbtract ( )   PDF (26749KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

GH9 genes play  vital roles in the biosynthesis and remodeling of plant cell walls. The aim of this study was to discover fiber development-related GH9 genes by the identification and analysis of this gene family in Gossypium barbadense. A total of 53 GH9 genes were identified from Gossypium barbadense, and their physico-chemical properties, gene structure, chromosomal distribution and evolutionary history were analyzed. This paper also investigated the expression patterns and transcriptional regulation of GbGH9s during cotton fiber development. As a result, 53 GbGH9s were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and were distributed on 22 chromosomes. The expansion of GH9 gene family was mainly driven by polyploidization in Gossypium barbadense, and the duplicated genes had been under strong selective constraints. Some members of group A showed high expression levels during cotton fiber development, especially during secondary wall thickening. Some members of group C were highly expressed during cotton fiber initiation and elongation. In addition, the expression patterns of group B were relatively complex. Auxin and ethylene may have played important roles in the transcriptional regulation of GbGH9s. It improved cotton fiber strength by the introgression of GbGH9B6 into Gossypium hirsutum. The identification and analysis of GbGH9s were critical for understanding their evolution and functions, and provided a support for future studies.

Study on the Agronomic Characters, Yield and Quality of Cassava in Enshi of Hubei Province

HUANG Yulan§, LONG Shengfeng§, YE Xingzhi, LI Yanying, SHEN Zhangyou, ZHOU Jia, ZHOU Lingzhi, LAO Chengying, WEI Benhui

2021, 23(9):  46-55.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0399

Asbtract ( )   PDF (5483KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the adaptability of cassava varieties northward to Enshi in Hubei province, this paper selected six cassava varieties of Nanzhi 199(NZ199), South China 205(SC205), SC9, GC49, Guimushu 2(G2) and G3 as  research objects, which cultivated in Long’an  (LA) at Guangxi province as the control trial site and Enshi (ES) at Hubei province as the northward trial site respectively, and compared the differences in agronomic characters, yield and quality characteristics of six cassava varieties in 2019—2020. The results showed that: ① the plant height and stem diameter at ES were significantly lower than at LA, with the reductions of 43.80%~55.06% and 11.04%~36.39%, respectively. ②the yields of fresh tuber at ES were lower than at LA, with the decrease of 21.64%~44.02%, G3 showed the smallest decrease of 21.64%, followed by G2 with the decrease of 24.35%. ③the starch content of fresh tuber at ES was markedly higher than at LA with the increase of 10.20%~21.16%, G3 had the highest increase of 21.16%, followed by G49 with the increase of 19.43%. ④G3 had the highest starch yield, followed by G2 and G49, the starch yield of G3 was no significant difference between two trial sites. Based on the results of two years’ experiment, the plant traits, fresh tuber yield and starch yield of G2 and G3 showed well at ES, which could be popularized in Enshi of Hubei province. The performance of GC49 was moderate and could be continued for trial planting.

Transcriptome Analysis of Phenotypic Differences Between Ermaya and Changbo of Forest Cultivated Panax ginseng

LI Shuxin, ZHANG Hao, ZHENG Housheng, ZHENG Peihe, PANG Shifeng, XU Shiquan

2021, 23(9):  56-68.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0297

Asbtract ( )   PDF (13367KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To reveal the phenotype and ginsenoside content differences of the Changbo and the Ermaya, this paper measured the phenotype and ginsenoside content of two kinds of 14-year-old forest cultivated  Panax ginseng, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanism of the differences between the leaves, the rhizoma and the root of the two types of ginseng to screen the differentially expressed genes, and then 7 important genes were verificatified in the rhizoma using qRT-PCR. The rhizoma of  Ermaya  was more shorter and thicker than that of Changbo, and it had high yield. A total of 124 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis, of which 76 were down-regulated and 48 were up-regulated in leaves. A total of 604 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis, of which 321 were down-regulated and 283 were up-regulated in rhizoma. A total of 89 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis, of which 58 were down-regulated and 31 were up-regulated in leaves.Through enrichment analysis of KEGG metabolic pathway,differentially expressed genes were enriched into 16, 70 and 17 metabolic pathways. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated differential genes were mainly annotated to biological functions such as starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results provided theoretical references for the selection of species and the molecular mechanism that reveals the differences of forest cultivated Panax ginseng.

Early Growth and Development Characteristics of Digestive Organs and Their Correlation with Body Weight in Jiangnan White Geese

WAN Yu, YANG Haiming, HAN Houming, ZHANG Hang, YANG Yu, LIANG Jingru, WANG Zhiyue,

2021, 23(9):  69-77.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0816

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1451KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the characteristics of early growth and development of digestive organs of Jiangnan white geese, the growth and development of digestive organs of  Jiangnan White Geese and its correlation with body weight were studied by feeding experiment, which was expected to provide scientific feed preparation and feeding reference for Jiangnan White Goose and other medium-sized white geese. The results showed as follows: ① compared with the white geese at 9 weeks old, the length and weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum at the age of 4 weeks were over 80%, and the length and weight of cecum was 69%, the weight of stomach and liver were 63% and  56%, respectively. The exponential growth rate of each digestive organ was the highest (over 66%) in the first week from 0 to 4 weeks. ② The length of duodenum and jejunum, the weight of jejunum and glandular stomach of Jiangnan White Geese at 4 weeks of age were significantly positively correlated with their body weight at 9 weeks of age（P＜005）, while other indexes were not significantly (P>0.05) correlated with their body weight. ③ During the whole growth period, the growth and development of digestive organs of Jiangnan White Geese were concentrated in the first 4 weeks, and the priorities were intestine, stomach and liver. The growth and development of digestive organs peak in the first week, and the speed was higher than that of body weight in the same period. The growth and development of jejunum in the early stage had the strongest correlation with body weight.

Effect of Proanthocyanidins Addition in Soybean Lecithin-based Semen Extender on Goat Semen Freezing

FAN Wenhua, DAI Jianjun, ZHANG Shushan, SUN Lingwei, WU Caifeng, ZHANG Defu

2021, 23(9):  78-86.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0178

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3863KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the effect of proanthocyanidins (PC) on goat semen freezing, PC were added to the 2% soybean lecithin (SL) based extender to the final concentration of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 μg·mL-1 (SL0, SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4 groups) with 20% egg yolk as control (EY group). After freezing-thawing, sperm viability, motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, antioxidant index and apoptotic state were detected. The results showed that the semen extender in the 40 μg·mL^-1 PC (SL3) had  higher sperm viability, motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity after thawing (58.49%, 53.45%, 50.46%, 55.37% and 55.16%, respectively) than the other PC-based  extender concentrations and EY group (P<0.05). The contents of superoxide dismutase （SOD） (224.87 U·mL^-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (129.6 U·L^-1) of SL3 group were the highest, and the total caspase apoptotic rate (54.33%) and TUNEL apoptotic rate (41.36%) of SL3 group were the lowest, which were significantly different with EY and SL0 groups (P<0.05). When the concentration of PC increased to 60 μg·mL-1, the quality indexes of thawed semen were significantly decreased, and the toxicity of PC was found in the goat semen freezing. In conclusion, 40 μg·mL^-1 PC addition in the diluent could reduce sperm oxidative damage, decrease apoptotic level and improve sperm quality. This study improved the effect of animal-free diluents in the freezing of goat semen, and increased the biosecurity and application prospect of goat frozen semen.





JIAO Jing1,2, ZHENG Yong3*, LI Zunxiang1, HUANG Xiaohong1, DU Jihua1, ZHENG Jin1

JIAO Jing, ZHENG Yong, LI Zunxiang, HUANG Xiaohong, DU Jihua, ZHENG Jin

2021, 23(9):  87-95.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0193

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2191KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Anaerobic fermentation is a complex and changeable process of microbiology. In order to improve the stability of biogas engineering operation, real-time data collection and monitoring of the anaerobic fermentation process are needed to realize statistics, analysis and scientific decision-making of biogas engineering operation. In this paper, the main parameters for on-line monitoring of fermentation temperature，pH，redox potential，ammonia nitrogen concentration and gas composition were summarized, and the structure and of on-line monitoring and control system was introduced, and the existing problems of online monitoring and control technology were summarized, and the research focus of the next step of on-line monitoring technology of biogas engineering was put forward, which provided reference for the improvement of on-line monitoring technology level of anaerobic fermentation.

Research and Realization of Granary Temperature Field Prediction Model Based on Kriging Interpolation and BP Neural Network

WANG Chuanxu, WANG Kang, CHEN Lin, LI Xue, ZHANG Hongwei

2021, 23(9):  96-102.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0326

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3396KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory single-point prediction of grain temperature in a complex storage environment, and difficulty in meeting the needs of engineering applications in current temperature field modeling, based on the temperature field theory, and combined with the distributed temperature measurement system structure, this paper proposed a temperature field prediction model based on grain pile temperature data. The model was on the basis of BP neural network, used discrete temperature measurement points in the granary to predict the future temperature data of the corresponding points, and then used Kriging interpolation method for spatial interpolation, and used the temperature  of the known location to estimate the temperature  of the unknown point, and then establish predictive model of temperature field. The simulation  results showed that the average absolute percentage error of temperature prediction was 1.253 5%, and the root mean square error was 0.106 0. The prediction effect was good. When using Kriging interpolation method to interpolate temperature points, the average absolute percentage error was 9.470 0%, and the root mean square error was 0.865 1. Compared with the traditional single-point prediction algorithm for grain pile temperature, this model could better reflect the changing trend and temperature distribution of the temperature field in the granary, provide better data support for the granary manager, and realize auxiliary decision-making. The model was highly scalable and could be applied to various storage sites.

Numerical Simulation for Effective Dielectric Properties of Cereal Grain Materials

ZHONG Runeng, ZHENG Qinhong, YAO Bin, XIANG Tai

2021, 23(9):  103-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0343

Asbtract ( )   PDF (9284KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The basic research on electromagnetic effect of agricultural materials has good application value in microwave-assisted application and device design.  Based on properties of cereal grains, this paper presented a novel method for modeling and numerical analysis, which combined discrete element method, finite element method and average energy method. The feasibility, validity and accuracy of the model were verified by numerical simulation and experimental measurements. The real and simulated results showed that the repose angle error of rice particle materials was 0.45%, and the maximum error between the numerical results of effective dielectric properties obtained by the simulation model and the experimental measurements were less than 5.0% in the calculation conditions of dielectric constant (2.0~10.0), dielectric loss factor (0.1~0.9), microwave frequency（2.0~11.7 GHz）, moisture content (2.0%～19.7%) and volume fraction (18.2%～88.0%) of the cereal grain materials. This study provided basis for microwave processing and nondestructive sensing of cereal grains, and also provided  reference  for the simulation of dielectric properties of other kinds of granular agricultural products.

Identification of Rice Variety Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

WANG Jinghui, CHENG Jiaojiao, LIU Yang, CHANG Jiale, WANG Zhaohui

2021, 23(9):  121-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0305

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3581KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The quality of rice is closely related to the variety, so variety identification is of great significance for the implementation of the “high-quality grain project”. Hyperspectral reflectance data of 600 rice particles from 6 varieties with similar appearance were collected, and the spectral data were pre-processed by multiple scattering correction (MSC), second derivative (2ND) and standard normal transformation (SNV). The texture features of the grayscale image corresponding to the characteristic wavelength were extracted by the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The full-band, feature band, texture feature and spectrum-texture feature fusion data were used to establish a variety identification model based on support vector machine algorithm (SVM). The results showed that the spectral-texture fusion features had the highest classification accuracy rate, reaching to 94.12%. After the model parameters were optimized  by crow search algorithm (CSA), the accuracy rate was 96.57%. Therefore, the SVM combined with the CSA under the spectrum-texture feature combination could make full use of the spectral and texture information of the hyper-spectral image, and realize the rapid non-destructive identification of rice varieties.

Design and Experiment of Seed Channel Opener for Double Ridge Four Row Peanut Seeder

HU Ting, QUAN Wei, WU Mingliang, LI Lin

2021, 23(9):  129-137.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0083

Asbtract ( )   PDF (4722KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Aiming at the problems of seed channel opener for peanut seeder such as instability of seed channel shape and large traction resistance due to high soil moisture content in hilly areas in Southern China, a seed channel opener for peanut seeder suitable for soil in southern China was designed. Combined with the parameters of the soil model in Southern China, the operation parameters of the seed channel opener were optimized by discrete element simulation and soil groove test. The model of soil and the seed channel opener were established using EDEM platform. Taking opening depth of seed channel opener, angle between wings and soil entry angle as test factors, and the channel shape coefficient and traction resistance as evaluation indexes, combined with response surface method, Box-Behnken tests were carried out to study the influence rule of each factor and its interaction on the operation effect of the opener. The optimal parameter combination was determined as follows: opening depth of 40 mm, angle between wings of 98° and soil entry angle of 144°. Compared with the results of the simulation test and the soil groove test, the error of channel shape coefficient and traction resistance was 3.78% and 6.68%, respectively. Based on the combination of the optimal operating parameters, the channel shape coefficient of 1.02 and the traction resistance of 46.3 N were obtained in the soil groove test. This study improved the performance of the seed channel opener and provided  theoretical reference for the design of the seed channel opener for peanut seeder in the hilly areas of southern China.

Influences of Different Water-saving Methods on Water Utilization, Distribution and Yield of Rape

SUN Mengyao, XU Lanjun, LI Xiaolong, LI Chuanyou, CHEN Hua, ZHANG Chuanshuai, LIU Xingtao

2021, 23(9):  138-143.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0627

Asbtract ( )   PDF (947KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the effects of different water-saving methods on the yield and water use efficiency（WUE） of rape, this paper took Chunyou 5 and Xialyu 2 as test materials, and set four irrigation treatments including border irrigation (CK), micro-spraying belt (T1), border irrigation under the film (T2) and micro-spraying under the film (T3). The results showed that: compared with CK, the economic yields of spring rapeseed under T1, T2 and T3 treatments  increased by 24.45%, 45.99% and 82.01%, WUEe  increased by 33.35%, 68.45% and 148.08%, and the irrigation amounts  decreased by 6.66%, 13.31% and 26.62%, respectively.  In autumn, compared with CK, the economic yields of rapeseed under T1, T2 and T3 treatments  increased by 15.29%, 2041% and 36.73%, WUEe  increased by 22.37%, 45.62% and 77.79%, and the irrigation amounts  decreased by 5.77%, 17.32% and 23.09%, respectively. Compared with CK, all three treatments could improve the distribution of irrigation water, reduce surface evaporation, and increase the transpiration ratio. Comprehensive consideration, T3 treatment had the best cultivation effect and was an ideal water-saving irrigation method.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Topdressing on Grain Filling and Milling Quality of the Rice with High Grain Chalkiness

XI Min, XU Youzun, SUN Xueyuan, WU Wenge, ZHOU Yongjin

2021, 23(9):  144-151.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0118

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1053KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the relationship between grain filling of chalky rice, milling quality and the nitrogen (N) fertilizer topdressing of panicle, the rice cultivar OM052 with high grain chalkiness was as material, and panicle N fertilizer applied treatment and no N panicle fertilizer treatment were set. The dry matter production, dynamic characteristics of grain filling and rice milling quality to different N treatments were investigated. The results showed that: applying N fertilizer consistently increased the amount of dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, enhanced the initial filling power (R0), maximum filling rate (Gmax) and average filling rate (Gmean) of the spikelets, advanced the occurrence time of the Gmax with 0.95 d, but shortened the duration of grain filling with 0.69 d. By contrast, under no N fertilizer topdressing, the R0, Gmax and Gmean of the spikelets were consistently reduced, and the rates of grain filling were slowly decreased after reaching the Gmax, thus the grain filling period was prolonged. Moreover, the application of panicle N fertilizer increased the rates of brown rice, milled rice and head rice by 1.46%, 2.52% and 3.57%, respectively, which improved milling quality of rice. There were significant positive correlations between the amount of dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, Gmean, Gmax and rice milling quality, while significant negative correlations between the time of Gmax occurrence, active grain filling period and rice milling quality. The synergistic optimization of grain filling characteristic parameters was beneficial to guarantee the production of photosynthetic substances from heading to maturity, and improve the milling quality of rice.





Influence of Reduced Irrigation on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Fiber Quality of Transgenic ScALDH21 Cotton

LI Shengmei, ZHANG Dawei, DILIBAIER Dilimaimaiti, WEI Xin, RUI Cun, YANG Tao, GENG Shiwei, GAO Wenwei

2021, 23(9):  152-159.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0485

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To study the effect of reduced irrigation on the growth and development of transgenic cotton with drought resistance in different periods,  the stable genetically transgenic ScALDH21 cotton line T14-96 was used as the  material, and receptor Xinnongmian 1  as negative control. The differences  of agronomic traits, yield traits and fiber quality between transgenic material and recipient cotton were studied under normal watering during the whole growth period (CK), 30% reduced irrigation at the seedling bud stage (M3), 30% reduced irrigation at the blooming stage (H3), and 30% continuously reduced irrigation at the seedling bud stage and blooming stage (W3). The results showed, compared with CK, the plant height, the height of first fruit branch, the number of fruit branches and the number of bolls per plant of the transgenic ScALDH21 cotton and its receptor were all decreased  under reduced irrigation. Under the M3 and H3 treatments, the seed cotton yields of Xinnongmian 1 and T14-96 were respectively increased by 1.6%, 1.4% and 5.1%, 4.1%, respectively, while under the W3 treatment, all yield traits were almost  decreased except the lint percentage and lint cotton yield. Principal component analysis showed that plant height, the height of first fruit branch, fruit branch number, single boll weight, seed index, seed cotton yield and lint yield were significantly affected by transgene. Therefore, these indexes could be regarded as the main indexes to distinguish transgenic plant from receptor. The transgenic ScALDH21 cotton line T14-96 was more drought-resistant, growth advantages and higher yield than wild-type in treatments of reduced irrigation.  ScALDH21  had a positive effect on increasing cotton yield, but no significant effect on fiber quality. In the seedling bud stage, appropriately reduced irrigation could achieve the effects of water-saving and yield increasing. These results would provide theoretical basis for breeding of new varieties resistanting to drought and optimizing irrigation methods.

Study on High Yield Production Technology of Oat in Saline Soils of Coastal beach and Its Associated Physiological Basis

LIU Yuqian, LU Faguang, GU Lifeng, REN Zhen, SHI Yu, LU Haitong, XU Zhenran, ZHOU Guisheng, WANG Xiaoshan, ZHANG Wangding, REN Zhiqiang, ZHU Guanglong,

2021, 23(9):  160-172.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0281

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1952KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the high-yield cultivation techniques of oat in saline alkali land of coastal areas in Jiangsu Province, Baiyan3 was as material. The effects of nitrogen application rate (N1=180 kg·hm^-2, N2=270 kg·hm^-2 and N3=360 kg·hm^-2) and planting density (D1=120 kg·hm^-2, D2=180 kg·hm^-2 and D3=240 kg·hm^-2) on growth, physiological characteristics and yield of oat were studied. The results showed that the plant heights were increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate during the whole growth period of oat, and the plant heights were increased significantly with the increase of planting density except maturity stage. Compared with low density (D1) and low nitrogen rate (N1), the increases of nitrogen rate and planting density were beneficial to increase biomass. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and the activities of CAT, POD and SOD were decreased with the increase of density. Under same density, medium nitrogen (N2) and high nitrogen rate (D3) were most conducive to the accumulation of chlorophyll and the activities of CAT, POD and SOD. The effects of nitrogen rate and density on panicle length, panicle number and grain number per panicle were extremely significant, but not significant on 1 000-grain weight. In this study, the grain yield of oat in D3N3 treatment was highest with 4.90×103 kg·hm^-2. In conclusion, the cultivation measures, such as reasonable dense planting and increasing nitrogen fertilizer, could promote synthesis of chlorophyll, enhance photosynthetic efficiency, improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes and resistance, increase biomass and yield of oat in salt-alkali land of coastal shoal, which was great significance to alleviate the shortage of forage grass in the coastal saline-alkali land of Jiangsu Province and improvement of saline-alkali land.

Effects of Reduced Fertilizer Application and Fertilization Methods on Potato Yield and Tuber Nitrogen Accumulation

LI Chengchen, SUO Haicui, LUO Huanming, AN Kang, LIU Jitao, WANG Li, SHAN Jianwei, YANG Shaohai, LI Xiaobo

2021, 23(9):  173-182.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0941

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3141KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to improve the fertilizer efficiency of winter potatoes in Guangdong, Favorita was used as the material, and six fertilizer treatments were set including no fertilizer (CK), one-time base application with 100% fertilizer (TCF100), one-time base application with 80% fertilizer (TCF80), drip irrigation application with 100% fertilizer (WCF100), drip irrigation application with 80% fertilizer (WCF80) and drip irrigation application with 60% fertilizer (WCF60). The yield, agronomic traits, stolon characteristics, nitrogen content and nitrogen partial productivity of potato were determined. The results showed that fertilization reduced 20% had no significant effect on yield of potato. Compare with WCF100, plant height and stolons number of WCF80 were increased by 15.32% and 33.3%, respectively; and productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPT, PFPC, PFPTN, PFPCN) of WCF80 were increased by 13.93, 21.54, 44.75, and 64.63 kg·kg^-1, respectively. Compare with TCF80, the yield of WCF80 were significantly increased by 11 267.38 kg·hm^-2, and plant height, branch number, biomass, tuber dry matter accumulation, nitrogen partial productivity and soil pH of WCF80 were improved. Compared with TCF100 and WCF100, nitrogen contents of tuber in TCF80 and WCF80 were reduced by 19.87% and 10.20%, while  nitrogen contents of shoot were increased significantly by 39.55% and 46.15%, respectively. The increasing of nitrogen content in shoot was beneficial to recycling of nitrogen and reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in the future, which provided theoretical basis for efficient utilization of chemical fertilizer and development of green agriculture in Guangdong Province.

Influences of DMPP on the Cucumber Yield and Root Zone Greenhouse Gas Emission under Different Cultivation Methods

LI Baoshi, LIU Wenke, WANG Qi, ZHA Lingyan, ZHANG Yubin, ZHOU Chengbo, SHAO Mingjie

2021, 23(9):  184-192.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0286

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1373KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To reveal the impact of DMPP on yield and emissions of N2O and CO2 in root soil of cucumber cultured by different modes in solar greenhouse, five treatments were set including CK (soil cultivation, without fertilization), SC (soil cultivation, conventional nitrogen fertilizer application), SC+D (soil cultivation, conventional nitrogen fertilizer application with DMPP), SSC (soil-ridged substrate-embedded cultivation, conventional nitrogen fertilizer application), SSC+D (soil-ridged substrate-embedded cultivation, conventional nitrogen application combined with DMPP). The influence of DMPP on N2O and CO2 emissions in the vegetable root zone and yield were analyzed. The results showed that: N fertilizer application significantly increased N2O emissions and yield of cucumber. Compared with SC treatment, the cumulative emissions of N2O and CO2 and the comprehensive warming potential of SSC were reduced by 27.9%, 30.2%, and 30.1%, respectively (P<0.05). Additionally, compared with SC treatment, SC+D treatment significantly reduced the comprehensive warming potential by 27.5%; and compared with SSC treatment, SSC+D treatment significantly reduced the comprehensive warming potential by 29.8%(P<0.05). Compared with CK, SC, SC+D, SSC and SSC+D treatments significantly increased yield by 123.7%, 138.0%, 130.0% and 138.7%, respectively (P<0.05). Last, compared with SC treatment, SSC treatment significantly increased cucumber yield and dry matter of aboveground and root systems, which were 5.1%, 8.4%, and 66.1%, respectively. The above results indicated that soil-ridged substrate-embedded cultivation under DMPP was an optimal cultivation mode.

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Management Modes on Nutrient Accumulation and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

LIU Yuanbo, WANG Jing, Zhu Xuejie, JIANG Weifeng, LIU Tian, ZHANG Jinzhong, LI Yaoxin, FU Yunpeng

2021, 23(9):  193-201.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0182

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1446KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the suitable water and fertilizer management model for Henan tobacco areas, promote the nutrient uptake of tobacco plants and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, Zhongyan 100 was as experimental material, and the field experiment was conducted to compare the differences of biological yield, content and accumulation of three elements of tobacco leaves, economic traits and quality traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves under three management modes including conventional water and fertilizer management (CK), conventional fertilization combined with drip irrigation (T1) and optimized fertilization combined with drip irrigation (T2). The results showed that, compared with CK, the leaf biomass of flue-cured tobacco treated with T1  increased by 2159%; the accumulations of N, P and K of tobacco leaves  increased by 9.56%, 54.78% and 30.52%, respectively; and the yield, production value and the proportion of superior tobacco  increased by 6.45%, 8.04% and 30.48%, respectively. The leaf biomass of tobacco plants in T2 treatment  increased by 33.36%; the accumulation of N, P and K in tobacco leaves  increased by 12.24%, 98.75% and 83.47%, respectively; and the yield, production value and proportion of top grade tobacco  increased by 9.68%, 15.05% and 42.79%, respectively. In T1 and T2 treatments, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and sugar-alkali ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those in CK, the chlorine content of the tobacco leaves  decreased significantly, while the potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio  significantly increased, and the combustibility and sensory quality of tobacco leaves  improved significantly. Among three treatments, T2 treatment had better coordination of chemical components in tobacco leave, and the scores of aroma, comfort, sweetness, miscellaneous gas and irritation in the middle and the upper leaves were significantly higher than those in CK. Therefore, the optimized fertilization combined with drip irrigation mode (T2) was suitable for popularization and application in Henan Province, which provided a scientific basis for the water and fertilizer management mode of high yield and good quality in tobacco-growing areas of Henan Province.