Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilization on Tobacco Soil Characteristics and Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Control

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1092

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyze the relationship between the tobacco planting soil quality and the occurrence and development of tobacco bacterial wilt， and the control effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilization on tobacco bacterial wilt， 4 nitrogen reduction levels （5%， 10%， 15% and 20%） combined with bio-organic fertilizer were set up， with conventional nitrogen application as the control. The effects of each treatment on the main physiochemical properties of soil， the yield and quality of tobacco and the control effect of tobacco bacterial wilt were investigated. Based on the correlation analysis， the correlation between soil physiochemical factors and disease index was further analyzed. The results showed that the soil bulk density and pH of each treatment decreased. But the ratio of soil carbon and nitrogen， organic carbon， carbon storage， nitrogen storage， sucrase activity， urease activity， microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased. The yield， the proportion of high-grade tobacco and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco also increased significantly. The results of correlation analysis showed that the disease index was extremely negatively correlated with soil C/N ratio， organic carbon content， carbon storage， nitrogen storage， sucrose activity， urease activity， microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass C/N ratio （P<0.01）， extremely positively correlated with soil pH （P<0.01）， negatively correlated with microbial biomass nitrogen （P<0.05）， positively correlated with soil bulk density， alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium， and negatively correlated with microbial biomass nitrogen. Under the experimental conditions， appropriate nitrogen reduction and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer could improve soil quality， tobacco yield and quality， and reduce the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer, soil physiochemical properties, soil carbon and nitrogen storage, soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, tobacco bacterial wilt

摘要：

为解析植烟土壤质量与烟草青枯病发生发展的关系以及减氮配施生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防控效果，以常规施氮为对照，设置4个减氮水平（5%、10%、15%和20%）+生物有机肥处理的田间小区试验，研究了减氮配施生物有机肥模式对土壤主要理化性质、烟叶产量和质量的影响，并进一步考察了对烟草青枯病的田间防效，基于相关性分析解析土壤理化因子与病情指数间的关系。结果表明，减氮配施生物有机肥各处理的土壤容重、pH下降，土壤碳氮比、有机碳含量、碳储量、氮储量、土壤蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、微生物量碳、微生物量氮均不同程度增加，烟叶产量、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例均显著提升。烟草青枯病病情指数显著降低70.32%～75.31%，平均防治效果为69.64%～75.97%。其中，减氮15%配施生物有机肥处理为最佳模式。相关性分析结果表明，病情指数与土壤碳氮比、有机碳、碳储量、氮储量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、微生物量碳和生物量碳氮比呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与pH呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与微生物量氮呈负相关（P<0.05），与土壤容重、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾呈正相关（P<0.05）。在试验条件下，适当减氮并配施生物有机肥能有效改善土壤质量，提高烟叶产量和质量，降低烟草青枯病的发生。

关键词: 生物有机肥, 土壤理化性质, 土壤碳氮储量, 土壤酶活性, 微生物量碳氮, 烟草青枯病

CLC Number:

S572

Xingsheng YIN, Lingfeng BAO, Yongyu PU, Jiali SUN, Qing ZHANG, Haiping LI, Mingying YANG, Yueping LIN, Huaixin WANG, Yonghong HE, Peiwen YANG. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilization on Tobacco Soil Characteristics and Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Control[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 122-131.

尹兴盛, 包玲凤, 濮永瑜, 孙加利, 张庆, 李海平, 杨明英, 林跃平, 王怀鑫, 何永宏, 杨佩文. 减氮配施生物有机肥对植烟土壤特性及烟草青枯病的防效研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 122-131.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Main physical and chemical properties of soil under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 2 Soil carbon storage and nitrogen storage of soil under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 3 Activity of soil invertase and urease under different fertilization treatmentsNote：*，** and *** mean significant differences at P<0.05，P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

Fig. 4 Soil microbial biomass analysis of soil under different fertilization treatmentsNote：* means significant differences at P<0.05 level.

Fig.5 Agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

Fig.6 Yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco of soil under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in the same index indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 level.

Table 1 Controlling effect of different treatments on Ralstoniasolanacearum

指标

Index

防治效果 Control effect/%

Table 2 Correlation analysis between disease index and soil physical and chemical properties， carbon and nitrogen storage， enzyme activity， and microbial biomass

指标

Index

病情指数

Disease index

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