Abstract:

In order to improve the field use efficiency of the mechanized wide row planting sugarcane area， reduce the grass and herbicide， increase the profit via the intercropping at the stage of sugarcane seedling，7 peanut and 5 sweetcorn varieties were chosen to intercrop with sugarcane using sugarcane monocrop as a control， and the experiment of interplanting peanut and sweet corn in sugarcane wide row with supporting agricultural machinery was carried out simultaneously， the yield components and profit of 2 intercropping systems were investigated. The results showed that the plant height of sugarcane was negatively correlated with that of sweetcorn but positively correlated with that of peanut， which were intercropped between rows. Compared with sugarcane monocrop， the single stem weight of sugarcane intercropping with sweetcorn significantly decreased， which showed no significant difference intercropping with peanut； the tiller number， effective stems and yield of sugarcane significantly decreased for both intercropping systems， the decreasing rate of intercropping sweetcorn was significantly higher than that of intercropping peanut. However， there was no significant difference for sugarcane brix between each intercropping system and monocrop. Intercropping ‘Yuetian 28’ obtained higher corn yield and farmland straw input， ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Huameitian 9’ possessed the optimal brix and spike respectively， while ‘Zhanyou 1155’ ‘Rehong 1’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’ ‘Zhanyou 75’ ‘Zhanyou 62’ possessed the highest peanut kernel yield and oil content respectively. The increase of intercropping system profit over 30% showed as ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ > ‘Huameitian 9’ > ‘ZGP113’ > ‘Zhanyou 1155’， but the yield reduction rate of intercropping ‘Huameitian 9’ and ‘ZGP113’ increased 13.73 and 4.37 percentage points comparing with intercropping ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’， which determined the optimal intercropping varieties for sweetcorn and peanut were ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’. In summary， sugarcane intercropping ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ sweetcorn could improve the profit and farmland straw carbon input while the decrease of sugarcane yield made adverse effect of keeping sugar red line. Sugarcane intercropping ‘Zhanyou 1155’ and ‘ZGP113’ could increase profit and achieve soil improvement based on stable sugarcane yield.

Key words: sugarcane intercropping, sweetcorn, peanut, productivity, suitable variety

摘要：

为提升机械化宽行植蔗区土地利用效率，实现封行前控草减药与增效增收，以甘蔗单作为对照，选择7个花生品种和5个甜玉米品种开展配套农机的甘蔗宽行间作花生和甜玉米试验，对2种间作系统生产力与经济效益进行比较分析。结果表明，总体上甘蔗的株高与行间间作甜玉米的株高呈负相关，与行间间种花生的株高呈正相关。与甘蔗单作相比，间种花生的甘蔗单茎重无显著下降，间种甜玉米的甘蔗单茎重显著下降；2种间作模式下甘蔗的分蘖数、有效茎数和产量均显著下降，下降幅度均表现为间作甜玉米显著高于间作花生；不同间作模式对甘蔗田间糖锤度的影响不显著。间作甜玉米的田间糖锤度和穗产量分别以‘中农甜414’和‘华美甜9’最优，间作‘粤甜28’能够收获较高的产量和农田秸秆输入量；间作‘湛油1155’‘热红1’和‘湛油1155’‘湛油75’‘湛油62’分别获得最优的花生仁产量和出油率。间作系统纯收益增幅在30%以上的处理表现为间作‘中农甜414’>‘华美甜9’>‘ZGP113’>‘湛油1155’，但间作‘华美甜9’和‘ZGP113’的甘蔗减产率分别比间作‘中农甜414’和‘湛油1155’提高13.73和4.37个百分点，因此适宜间作的甜玉米和花生品种分别为‘中农甜414’和‘湛油1155’。综上，间作‘中农甜414’甜玉米能够显著增加经济效益，且农田秸秆碳输入量大，但甘蔗显著减产，若不能扩大种植面积则不利于保守糖料红线；间作‘湛油1155’和‘ZGP113’能够显著增加经济效益，甘蔗产量降幅较小，且豆科固氮与秸秆碳输入有助于耕地质量提升。

关键词: 甘蔗间作, 甜玉米, 花生, 生产力, 适宜品种