Genome Editing and Its Applications in Crop Improvement

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1030

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of climate change， increasing world population， decreased farmland as well as frequent outbreaks of natural disasters， global food production is facing unprecedent challenges. CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies enable targeted genome modification in a sequence-specific manner， offering great potential in crop improvement. This review aimed to provide an informative summary of the latest development and breakthroughs in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies including gene knockout， base editing， prime editing and gene replacement through homology-directed repair （HDR）， as well as their applications in crop improvement. Finally， we discussed the existing challenges and future prospects in the development of novel genome editing toolkits and their applications in agriculture to ensure global food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas, crop, genome editing, base editing, prime editing, homology-directed repair （HDR）

摘要：

全球气候变化、人口增长、耕地减少和极端天气频发等为粮食安全和农业可持续发展带来诸多挑战。以CRISPR/Cas为代表的基因组编辑技术能够快速定向创制农作物新种质，提高育种效率，为保障粮食安全和生态安全提供有力的技术和材料支撑。综述了CRISPR/Cas系统介导的基因敲除、单碱基编辑、精准替换和引导编辑技术的研发及其在农作物遗传改良中的应用进展，并对我国农作物基因编辑研究进行了展望和建议，以期为今后农作物基因编辑研究的发展和应用提供参考。

关键词: CRISPR/Cas, 农作物, 基因组编辑, 碱基编辑, 引导编辑, 同源重组

CLC Number:

Lei YAN, Jinshan ZHANG, Jiankang ZHU, Lanqin XIA. Genome Editing and Its Applications in Crop Improvement[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(12): 78-89.

闫磊, 张金山, 朱健康, 夏兰琴. 基因编辑技术及其在农作物中的应用进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(12): 78-89.

Figures/Tables 1

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