Table of Content

15 December 2022, Volume 24 Issue 12

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AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FORUM

Trends and Strategies for Development of Crop Seed Industry in China

Xinhai LI, Ming LU, Jun ZHENG, Xiaofeng GU, Lijuan QIU, Yu LI, Youzhi MA, Jianmin WAN

2022, 24(12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1101

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Seed industry is a strategic and basic industry， and clarifying the development path of China’s crop seed industry is very important to enhance the competitiveness of national agriculture. This paper analyzed the development trend of the international crop seed industry， assessed the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of China’s crop seed industry， and proposed the innovative development strategies of China’s crop seed industry in the new era. Our study reckoned that the new round of scientific and technological revolution characterized by “biotechnology and informatization” had promoted the comprehensive upgrading of the crop seed industry， biotechnology productions had become an important growth point for the development of the seed industry， and multinational seed enterprises had accelerated their occupation of the global seed market. Global scientific and technological innovation and China’s economic transformation and development have brought new opportunities for the development of China’s crop seed industry. Currently，China has basically established a scientific and technological innovation system for crop seed， and seed enterprises have continued to grow， but still facing some challenges such as insufficient original innovation in key science and technology， imperfect seed industry innovation system. Our study suggested that China’s crop seed industry should further strengthen the effective cohesion in the innovation chain and build a deep integration system of production， education and research in the new era， and consolidate the original foundation of seed science and technology， produce high-value intellectual property rights such as key technologies and elite new varieties， as well as cultivate innovative enterprises， improve policy mechanisms and business environment， and promote the high-quality development of the crop seed industry.

Accelerate the Research and Application of Biological Breeding to Promote the Self-Reliance of Agricultural Science and Technology

Wen ZHANG

2022, 24(12):  8-14.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0733

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Food security is the the pillar of national development and safety. General Secretary XI Jinping pointed that the fundamental solution to stabilize and increase the food production lay in the scientific and technological progress concerning the limited arable land in domestic. At present， a new round of scientific and technological revolution in agriculture characterized by modern biotechnology is breeding major breakthroughs， and plays a leading role in the development of modern agriculture. The development of biological breeding is an important strategy to ensure the national food security and enhance the international competitiveness. This paper introduced the development trend of biological breeding in the development of international agricultural science and technology. For promoting the industrial application of biological breeding， 4 of relationships should be correctly handled， and 4 tasks should be put forward， which provided theoretical guidance for accelerating the development and application of biological breeding technologies in China.

Prospects for Commercialization of Biotech Breeding Technology of Important Crops in China

Jian ZHANG

2022, 24(12):  15-24.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0697

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China has more population in the world but with limited arable land and water resources. Scientific innovation becomes a unique solution to promote the crop productions for national food security. Commercialization of biotech breeding technology in maize， soybean， oil rape and cotton has played a critical role in seed industry developmentin these major crop production countries including US， Brazil and Argentina. After over 20 years’ scientific innovation of biotech crop research and development （R&D） in China， the biotechnology crops for maize and soybean with resistance to insect and herbicide tolerant traits have been ready， these biotech crops would not only reduce the inputs of crop production， but also increase the yield and farmers’ incomes significantly. Due to the commercialization of biotech breeding technology involves in multiple aspects of research and development of scientific innovation， regulatory appraisal of biosafety and stewardship requirements， international trade， agricultural production and public acceptance etc.， which is a large and complex system engineer. Therefore， only those of the larger seed enterprises with capabilities can lead the whole processes by integrating R&D resources of scientific， academic and seed industrial units to create an innovation consortium for collaborations across the whole R&D chain and commercial chain together. Such an innovation consortium will be capable to continuously launch new varieties with better-yielding， nutritious， less inputs and environmental-friendly products should steadily support the commercialization of biotech breeding technology of important crops towards a sustainable and high-quality development of seed industry in China. Biotech breeding technology is the core of seed innovation， so establishing an innovative system for modern breeding and strengthening the deep mine of germplasm resources plus breaking through the key technologies of cutting-edge breeding for strategic new varieties， becomes the solution for germplasm improvement and a key for winning the seed industry as well as the fundamental support for firmly grasping the initiative of food security. This paper summarized the application of biotech breeding， and proposed the developmental strategies of modern seed industry. Biotech breeding technology will become the important approach to solve the germplasm resource shortage and environmental constrains faced by China’s agricultural development while driving the development of China’s modern seed industry and the continuous improvement of international competitiveness， and realizing the leap from a large seed industry to a strong seed country.

Digital Development of China’s Crop Industry： Achievements， Difficulties and Prospects

Beibei FAN, Jin LI, Chen MA

2022, 24(12):  25-32.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0579

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As the basic industry of agricultural modernization， promoting the revitalization of seed industry has become one of the core tasks of building China’s strategic science and technology system and promoting the overall revitalization of rural areas. China has initially realized the integration of digital technology with breeding， complex seed production， industrial extension and other aspects. However， compared with the status quo that developed countries and region in Europe and the United States have entered the “4.0 era” of intelligent design breeding， China’s breeding technology research and development is still in the “2.0 era” to “3.0 era” of the seed industry. In the face of the development trend of intelligent breeding and seed breeding， precision seed industry promotion and service， and in-depth seed industry big data collection， the integration and innovation research of digital technology， molecular breeding and conventional breeding technology， and in-depth development of multiple genetics should be encouraged. The big data mining and analysis， application of commercial breeding software and platforms， and the comprehensive establishment of the digital marketing and management system should be promoted.

INNOVATION BASIS

Epigenetic Regulation and Crop Breeding

Xianwei SONG, Shanjie TANG, Xiaofeng CAO

2022, 24(12):  33-38.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1040

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Epigenetic is a biological phenomenon that DNA sequence unchanged but gene expression was genetically altered， and it includs DNA methylation， histone modification and variants， RNA modification， chromatin remodeling and non coding RNA etc. Epigenetic mainly regulates gene expression and transposon activity at transcriptional and post transcriptional levels. More and more research showed that epigenetic plays an important role in the formation of important agronomic traits and ploidy breeding of crops. This paper reviewed the important progress in the research of epigenetic regulation directly related to crop breeding， and analyzed its potential and ways of application in crop breeding， which were expected to accelerate and promote the basic and applied research of plant epigenetic regulation.

Genetic Regulation Mechanisms of Important Traits and Molecular Design Breeding in Livestock and Poultry

Wenyue WANG, Xiaoyu MI, Kangtai SUN, Yichao DAI, Zhipeng YAO, Yuanpeng GAO, Jun LIU, Yiqiang GE, Songmei ZHANG, Xiaoming DENG, Yong ZHANG

2022, 24(12):  39-47.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0979

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Research on the genetic basis of important economic traits in livestock and poultry is important for the next generation of molecular design breeding， which is the research frontier of scientific and technological innovation in the international livestock and poultry seed industry. Livestock and poultry breeds are rich in resources， diverse in production types， wide in ecological adaptation range， and outstanding in excellent traits in China. However， there are problems of insufficient protection and collection of germplasm resources， unclear analysis of trait characteristics and genetic mechanisms etc.， resulting in insufficient development and utilization of rich livestock and poultry genetic resources in China， and it is difficult to support the research and development and application of molecular design breeding technology. To face the demand of future agriculture modernization and production of livestock and poultry seed industry， this paper summarized the research progress on genetic regulation mechanism and molecular design breeding of important traits of livestock and poultry at home and abroad， as well as the bottlenecks faced by molecular design breeding of livestock and poultry in China， and discussed the development trend of molecular design breeding of livestock and poultry in the future. The review provided significant insights for technological innovation and development of the future livestock and poultry breeding industry.

Research Progress on Molecular Basis of Tree Traits Formation

Shougong ZHANG

2022, 24(12):  48-58.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0943

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Forestry is one of the important industries of the national economy. In-depth study of tree traits for the purpose of human needs and analysis of the molecular basis of the formation of tree important traits are the basic guarantee for the establishment of efficient breeding technology system， and the key to cultivate breakthrough varieties that meet the major national needs. This is of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of forestry in China， and serve major strategies such as national timber security， food security， ecological security and rural revitalization. With the rapid development of biotechnology， the research on the molecular basis of tree traits has become more in-depth. This paper focused on the formation and regulation mechanism of wood formation， forest economic traits and tree stress resistance， sorted out the current research progress at home and abroad， reviewed the molecular basis of tree trait formation， and prospected the future research trends and technological development of tree traits.

Study and Application of Salt and Alkali Tolerance in Rapeseed

Heping WAN, Hao ZHANG, Yi YU, Jingdong CHEN, Changli ZENG, Lun ZHAO, Jing WEN, Jinxiong SHEN, Tingdong FU

2022, 24(12):  59-67.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0970

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Soil salinization has become one of the main limiting factors for agricultural development. The stress damage of saline alkali to plants can be divided into osmotic stress， ion toxicity， active oxygen damage and high pH stress. Saline alkali stress has different effects on seed germination， seedling growth， yield and quality of rapeseed. This paper expounded the influence mechanism of saline alkali stress on different growth stages of rapeseed， analyzed the saline alkali tolerance mechanism of rape from the aspects of osmotic regulation， active oxygen removal， absorption and storage of Na⁺， and the secretion of organic acids by roots， and put forward measures to improve the saline alkali tolerance of rapeseed， including exploring and utilizing saline alkali tolerance genes， adopting reasonable cultivation methods and using exogenous substances， which provided theoretical basis for the improvement and utilization of saline alkali land by using saline alkali tolerant rapeseed.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY

Innovation and Progresses in de novo Domestication of Crops

Jingkun ZHANG, Wenjia LI, Peng ZENG, Xiangbing MENG, Hong YU, Jiayang LI

2022, 24(12):  68-77.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0985

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In the past century， the breeding theories and systems have been greatly developed， and series of new breeding strategies have gradually emerged， such as heterosis utilization， hybrid breeding， mutagenesis breeding， molecular marker-assisted breeding， transgenic breeding， genome editing breeding， molecular design breeding etc. making critical contributions to world food security. Recently， along with the development of biotechnologies， a new breeding strategy termed de novo domestication has been proposed and demonstrated to create new crops. Here， this paper reviewed the emergence of de novo domestication and its roadmap， the germplasm basis， the genetic basis and the fundamental biotechnologies and related policy of de novo domestication. Furthermore， it also discussed presumable challenges and applications of de novo domestication in crop breeding. In future， de novo domestication may provide a new practical way for germplasm innovation and achieve novel breeding goals to face upcoming agriculture challenges.

Genome Editing and Its Applications in Crop Improvement

Lei YAN, Jinshan ZHANG, Jiankang ZHU, Lanqin XIA

2022, 24(12):  78-89.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1030

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In the context of climate change， increasing world population， decreased farmland as well as frequent outbreaks of natural disasters， global food production is facing unprecedent challenges. CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies enable targeted genome modification in a sequence-specific manner， offering great potential in crop improvement. This review aimed to provide an informative summary of the latest development and breakthroughs in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies including gene knockout， base editing， prime editing and gene replacement through homology-directed repair （HDR）， as well as their applications in crop improvement. Finally， we discussed the existing challenges and future prospects in the development of novel genome editing toolkits and their applications in agriculture to ensure global food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Epigenetics and Plant Breeding

Weijun GUO, Dongwei LI, Shang XIE, Liwen YANG, Cong LI, Jian TIAN, Li PU, Xiaofeng GU

2022, 24(12):  90-100.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1031

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The rapid growth of the global population and tremendous climatic changes are new challenges for food security and compel breeders to develop new avenues of crop breeding. In recent years， the deep integration of biotechnology （BT） with artificial intelligence （AI）， big data， and other information technology （IT） has promoted the rapid development of intelligent design breeding technology. AI-based breeding technology accelerates multi-omics mapping and functional elucidation and the identification of excellent allele variations around the genome， and breeds new varieties through genome design breeding traits. The crucial agricultural breeding traits of crops are synergistically regulated by genetic， epigenetic， and environmental factors that epigenetic marks bridge other factors playing a pivotal role in the regulation of traits. The development of intelligent design technology makes it possible for accurate design breeding based on epigenetic inheritance， which is becoming a new way to improve crop breeding traits. The deep integration of epigenetics and AI has greatly facilitated the identification of genome-wide epigenetic modification sites and the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms. The design of regulatory circuits based on these epigenetic sites has been innovated to achieve the directional creation of new germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits and the cultivation of major varieties.

Development Trends and Strategies of Gene Circuit Design and Synthesis Technologies in Agricultural Organisms

Min LIN, Lei WANG, Xiaofeng GU, Yongliang YAN, Zhu LIU, Tao TU, Bin YAO

2022, 24(12):  101-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1021

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With the highly cross-integration of frontier disciplines such as bioomics， systems biology and synthetic biology， the new generation of genetic engineering technology has maked new breakthroughs. Gene circuit design and synthesis is the core technology of the new generation of genetic engineering， and its three technical characteristics are subversion， intelligence and precision. Accelerating the innovation of gene circuit design and synthesis technology of agricultural organisms will provide important technical support for creating a new generation of agricultural varieties and promoting the high-quality green development of Chinese agriculture. In this paper， the international development trends of gene circuit design and synthesis technology of agricultural organisms were summarized， and the development strategies and priority fields of intelligent design and precise expression technology of agricultural biological gene circuit in China were discussed.

INNOVATIVE GERMPLASM

Research Progress of New Crop Germplasm Enhancement in China

Hao CHEN, Fei ZHOU, Yongjun LIN

2022, 24(12):  112-119.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0998

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As a country with a large population and agriculture， our government has always attached great importance to agricultural issues and food security. Based on the national conditions of large population and limited arable land resources， China tolces relying on scientific and technological development to improve the yield level as the main means to ensure the food security. With the active deployment and strong support on agricultural development， China has made continuous breakthroughs and innovations in crop breeding theory and technology in recent years. The genetic dissection of important agronomic traits of crops， the utilization of gene alleles with high breeding value， the innovation and application of gene editing technology， genomic breeding and de novo domestication strategies， industrialization pilot of transgenic soybean and maize provide new ideas and strategies for the creation of new crop germplasm in China. This paper sorted out and reviewed some representative achievements made by China in this field， and briefly summarized and looked forward to the development prospects.

Development of Biobreeding Techniques in Main Aquaculture Fish Species

Yonghua SUN, Wei HU

2022, 24(12):  120-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0711

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As blue food， fish and other aquatic products are recognized as healthy and high-quality sources of animal protein， and play significant roles in supporting global food and nutrition security. China is the largest aquaculture country in the world， and its success stories have attracted global attention. China has developed and utilized various breeding methods for aquaculture species， such as selection breeding， hybridization breeding， polyploid breeding， transgenic breeding， etc. and carried out genome editing and genome selection-based breeding in some species， pioneered some novel breeding methods， such as the fish germline stem cell-oriented approach and reproduction on-off strategy. By using these technologies， Chinese aquaculture scientists have bred various aquaculture species or fish lines with valuable traits， which drives and supports the high-quality development of Chinese aquaculture. This article systematically reviewed the development and application of the above biobreeding techniques in the generation and application of novel fish strains with valuable traits， and provided an outlook on the future development of biobreeding technology， which aimed to promote the breeding of new lines and varieties of aquaculture fish， and support the high-quality development of aquaculture in China.

Research Progress on Development of New Germplasm of Forest Trees

Junhui WANG

2022, 24(12):  129-141.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0946

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The innovation of forest germplasm is the basis for the revitalization of forest seed industry， and is a solid foundation for ensuring the national timber， grain and oil and ecological security. With the upgrading of instruments and equipment， the development of multi-omics， intelligence and information technology and the improvement of relevant theoretical level， the research of forest germplasm in China has changed from traditional empirical collection and extensive evaluation to modern， targeted and efficient new germplasm creation and large-scale， accurate， systematic evaluation and mining. This paper reviewed the progress of new forest germplasm creation in China from 4 aspects： the current situation， the core key technology， the large-scale breeding， and the future development direction of new forest germplasm. It was proposed that the combination of traditional hybrid breeding and modern biotechnology should accelerate the development of high-throughput accurate evaluation， whole genome selection， precise genome operation new technologies for germplasm develpment and breeding， such as synthetic biology and cell factory， serve the creation of high-quality germplasm and the cultivation of breakthrough new varieties.

Excavation and Utilization of Herbicide-resistant Rice and Wheat Germplasm Resources Under Rice-Wheat Rotation System

Peng ZHU, Ke XU, Xitie LING, Jinyan WANG, Yuwen YANG, Baolong ZHANG, Shi QIU

2022, 24(12):  142-152.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0995

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With the rapid expansion of direct planting rice area in paddy and wheat rotation area， weeds are rampant in continuous cropping fields， and the application demand of herbicides and varieties suitable for sowing is becoming increasingly urgent. The development and utilization of herbicide-resistant rice and wheat germplasm resources is becoming a new direction for the joint development of seed industry and agrochemical enterprises in paddy and wheat rotation area. Herbicide resistance of rice and wheat not only reduces the annual weed control costs， increases crop yield， but also reduces the herbicide， the side effects of crop and the crop after especially security， low residual selective herbicide used with resistant germplasm materials， herbicide will significantly reduce the abuse of the destruction of ecological environment as well as the number of wild rice and the resistant weeds， it plays an important role in helping to realize the production goals of stable yield， high quality， green， ecological and safe in the rice-wheat rotation area. In this paper， several popular herbicides in the world pesticide market were described， and the research progress of herbicide resistant germplasm resources of rice and wheat was introduced from the perspectives of transgenic and non-transgenic. This study provided theoretical basis for promoting the application of the integrated cultivation of rice and wheat seed and medicine in live-streaming rice.

SAFETY SUPERVISION

Research Progress on Food Safety Evaluation of Biological Breeding Products

Tongxiao XU, Xiaoyun HE, Kunlun HUANG

2022, 24(12):  153-159.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1083

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Biological breeding refers to the use of transgenic， gene editing and other modern biotechnology to change the genomic composition of new species of animals， plants and microorganisms. The food and feed products obtained from biobreeding have the potential to increase economic benefits and improve human health， but may also pose potential risks to humans， animals and plants， microorganisms， and the ecological environment， so that people have concerns about the safety of biobreeding products. In this paper， the safety issues of biobreeding food were discussed， the safety evaluation methods of biobreeding food were reviewed， and the safety research progress of new biotechnology products such as recombinant enzyme preparations， RNA interference， gene editing， and synthetic biology were summarized. It was concluded that there was no essential difference in safety between biobred food and traditional food， which was expected to provide some reference for the food safety evaluation of biological breeding products in China.

Progress on Agricultural Synthetic Biology Development and Risk Management

Xujing WANG, Yongliang YAN, Youhua WANG, Qiaoling TANG, Yue JIAO, Zhixing WANG

2022, 24(12):  160-166.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1090

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As a strategic high-tech in the field of agricultural science and technology， synthetic biotechnology has the characteristics of convergent research. It provides ways and schemes for solving the worldwide agricultural problems such as photosynthesis， biological nitrogen fixation and biological stress resistance， injects new kinetic energy into promoting the sustainable development of bio-economy， and has become the strategic commanding point of global scientific and technological competition. In this paper， the research and application status， potential risk points and safety management strategies of agricultural synthetic biotechnology were summarized. The review would provide reference and support for research and development and safety management of agricultural synthetic biotechnology in China.