Table of Content

15 November 2022, Volume 24 Issue 11

Previous Issue   

AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FORUM

Evaluation of Industrial Chain Integration Driven by Technology Integration of Characteristic Tropical Crops

Hua XIANG, Yan YAN, Xiudong WANG

2022, 24(11):  1-12.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0841

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1198KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristic tropical crops play an important role in promoting rural revitalization and serving for “the Belt and Road Initiative” in China. Taking China’s characteristic tropical crop industry as research object， and based on surveyed micro-data and macro-data from the FAO， this paper systematically explained the production situation of tropical crops in China and the connotation of technology integration. PSM-DID method was used to test the marginal effect of farmers’ participation in “industrial chain integration development technology project” on reducing production cost in the development process of China’s tropical crop industry. It was found that participating in the “cassava industrial chain integrated development technology project” could significantly reduce the fertilizer cost of cassava by 24.0%， reduce labor costs by about 19.0% and reduce pesticide input costs by 9.1%. Some countermeasures were proposed to cope with the uncertain climate environment in the future， such as constructing soil quality monitoring system of artificial microbial community， strengthening the innovation and research of soil health regulation technology， and strengthening the mining of favorable genes of germplasm resources of characteristic tropical crops etc.

Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Goals and Realization Paths of the Aquaculture and Fishing Industry in China

Xue LI, Zifei LIU, Mingjun ZHAO, Lejun XU, Huiwu SUN

2022, 24(11):  13-26.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0087

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3563KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization，setting and implementing reasonable industry-specific goals has practical significance for the green and high-quality development of China’s fishery and the “dual carbon” strategy. Fishery mainly contains the aquaculture and fishing industry and has double attributes of carbon source and carbon sink. Based on the existing carbon emission and carbon sink accounting methods， this paper explored the “double carbon” goals of China’s aquaculture and fishing industry and the paths to achieve it. The analysis results showed that： ①from 2011 to 2020， due to the double influences of the expansion of fishery and the policy of “reducing ships and changing production”， the carbon emissions increased firstly and then decreased， but it remained to be seen whether the carbon emissions reached a peak； carbon emissions from aquatic feed was the largest carbon source； ② due to the affection of the rapid development of aquaculture， the carbon sinks experienced a rise in volatility， and aquaculture became the primary source of carbon sinks； ③aquaculture and fishing industry were both dual in carbon cycle， and they were more carbon source in China with over 3×10⁷ t of carbon not being neutralized. This paper set reasonable goals of carbon peak and neutralization for aquaculture and fishing industry， based on the big demand of aquatic products and the high-quality green development of aquaculture and fishing industry in China. In order to achieve the carbon goals， this paper proposed technical paths of reducing emissions in key links and expanding fishery sinks， social management methods for exploring fishery carbon trading mechanism and strengthening policy guidance. This paper provided useful reference for supporting China’s aquaculture and fishing industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals， and promote the transformation and upgrade of China’s aquaculture and fishing industry.

Rules and Measures for Reducing Food Waste in Japan and Its Enlightenment to China

Jiechun ZHAO, Wenbo BAI, Lixin ZHAO

2022, 24(11):  27-34.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0672

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (604KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The phenomenon of food waste is one of the hot issues of global concern. As a neighbor of China， Japan’s measures for reducing food waste have certain reference significance for China’s action against wasting food. This paper analyzed the current situation of food waste in Japan from production to circulation， and summarized the basic policy of reducing food waste in Japan， the adjustment and promotion of series of laws and regulations， as well as the detailed actions and measures to reduce food waste by public organizations， individual consumers and different business entities. Finally， based on the current situation of food waste in China， the paper put forward inspiration and suggestions of reducing food waste by establishing and improving the laws and regulations applicable to China’s national and popular conditions； strengthening publicity and education to create a social atmosphere of saving food and cherishing food； stimulating joint actions of multiple departments； developing advanced technology and gradually promoting action measures， etc..

BIOTECHNOLOGY & LIFE SCIENCE

Research Progress on Crossed Beak in Chicken

Lei SHI, Yanyan SUN, Yunlei LI, Hao BAI, Jilan CHEN

2022, 24(11):  35-42.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0799

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1689KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Crossed beak is a complex trait regulated by many genes， and the prevalence of this trait was documented in at least 12 chicken strains worldly including commercial strains and native chickens. The crossed beak is a deformity， which is defined as misalignment of the upper and lower beak， and does not become apparent until the chicks in 1 and 2 months old. Crossed beaks have reduced feeding and drinking， poor production performance， and caused great animal welfare problem. The mandibular curvature occurred much more than maxilla. Crossed beaks is characterized by impaired development of unilateral mandibular ramus. Recently， many candidate factors， such as LOC426217， BMP4， FIGNL1 genes and parvalbumin and lipoprotein lipase etc. were identified related to crossed beak. This review summarized research progress of phenotype characterization， mode of transmission， and genetic mechanisms of crossed beaks in chickens， and aimed at supporting better understanding and mechanism exploration of this trait and reducing its occurance.

Evaluation of Resistance to Spot Blotch in Core Germplasm Resources

Yifan SUN, Zhilei HUANG, Baochun LI, Lirong YAO, Juncheng WANG, Erjing SI, Ke YANG, Yaxiong MENG, Xiaole MA, Huajun WANG

2022, 24(11):  43-54.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0183

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1206KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the resistance differences of different barley germplasms to leaf spot， the resistant germplasm materials were screened and related genetic loci were mined. In this study， 200 barley germplasms were inoculated with Z14484， a highly pathogenic strain of barley leaf spot， at three-leaf stage. After cultured for 9 d， the incidence of each material was counted， the disease resistance grade was clarified， and resistance identification and evaluation were carried out. Combined with Illumina 9K SNP chip， the population and significant loci were analyzed by Structure software and PLINK software to identify SNP loci significantly associated with traits. The results showed that there were significant differences in the resistance among the tested barley materials， and the population genetic structure could be divided into 3 subgroups at ΔK=3 level， including 100， 67 and 33 barley materials， respectively. 11_11436 and SCRI_RS_201075 located on chromosome 3H were most associated with resistance to barley leaf spot by genome-wide association study. This study provided a reference for barley leaf spot disease resistance gene mapping and disease resistance breeding.

Quality of Hulless Barley in Different Climatic Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Zipeng GAN, Haiyan XU, Shouye XUE, Bingyan LIANG, Biying CHONG, Lisha LI, Bo ZHANG, Xiaoming LI, Guimin LIU, Xiaodong WU

2022, 24(11):  55-67.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0545

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (8076KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Hulless barley is an important crop on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， and its quality is largely affected by climate. To explore the quality of hulless barley in different areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its relationship with climate， hulless barley were collected from 67 planting areas to determine 7 nutritional quality indicators and their relationships with climate conditions， and further evaluated the quality of hulless barley in different climate areas. The results showed that the mean temperature in the Qilian-Qinghai Lake climate zone was significantly higher than that in the Qamdo climate zone，the precipitation in the Bomi-West Sichuan climate zone， the South Tibet climate zone， the Qamdu climate zone and the Qilian-Qinghai Lake zone were significantly higher than the Qamdu climate zone， the Qilian-Qinghai Lake climate zone， the Qaidam climate zone and the South Tibet climate zone had significantly higher sunshine duration than that in the Bomi-West Sichuan climate zone. There were differences in the quality indicators of hulless barley among different areas. The crude protein content was the highest in Qaidam climate zone， the lowest value was recorded in South Tibet climate zone. The highest contents of β-glucan and dietary fiber were found in the Qaidam climate zone， and the lowest values were recorded in Qamdo climate zone. The starch content was the highest in Bomi climate zone and West Sichuan district climate zone， and the lowest value was appeared in Qamdo climate zone. The hulless barley quality showed great differences among different climate zones. Overall， the highest quality of hulless barley was distributed in the Qaidam climate zone， and the lowest was distributed in the Bomi-West Sichuan climate zone. Temperature and sunshine duration were the key factors that determined the quality of hulless barley. The results could provide scientific reference for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet under the background of climate change.

Response Characteristics of SiCBL3 to Abiotic Stresses in Foxtail Millet

Jinfeng ZHAO, Aili YU, Yanfang LI, Yanwei DU, Gaohong WANG, Zhenhua WANG

2022, 24(11):  68-75.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0566

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2608KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calcineurin B-like protein （CBL） plays an important role in plant stress response. Previous studies showed that SiCBL3 was strongly induced by drought and salt， so this study further analyzed its function. Retrieval revealed that SiCBL3 was located on chromosome 3， had 2 transcripts， encoded 226 amino acids， and contained 3 typical EF-hand domains. Subcellular localization speculated that SiCBL3 protein was mainly located on the vacuolar membrane. Real-time PCR analysis showed that SiCBL3 responsed to PEG， salt， high temperature， low temperature and ABA in the foxtail millet seedling stage. The analysis of drought stress at different growth stages showed that SiCBL3 was highly expressed at heading and filling stage under normal conditions， and was induced by drought at jointing， heading and filling stage. Tissue expression analysis revealed that SiCBL3 was mainly expressed in the top 2^nd leaves， stems， leaf sheaths， panicles and other aboveground organs， while the expression level in roots was low. The analysis of different growth stages also showed that the expression of SiCBL3 was higher in stems and leaves， but lower in roots. Subsequent tissue analysis at the filling stage also showed that SiCBL3 was mainly expressed in aboveground tissues such as top 2^nd leaf， stem， spike-stalk， leaf sheath and grain， and was strongly induced under drought stress. These results revealed that SiCBL3 was highly expressed in the aboveground tissues， and participated in the response to drought and other stresses in the middle and late stages， especially played an important role in the response to drought stress at the filling stage. This study laid a foundation for further function analysis of CBL family genes in foxtail millet.

Mining and Screening of Associated Markers and Candidate Genes Related to Seed Size and Shape in Cotton

Huifeng KE, Zhengwen SUN, Guoning WANG, Chengsheng MENG, Liqiang WU

2022, 24(11):  76-86.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0341

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2530KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cotton seed plays an important role in the processing of oil and fodder production， and also affects the cotton fiber yield and quality. In order to mine genetic loci and candidate genes related to the cotton seed， a natural population consisted of 419 cotton germplasms was assessed for the seed size and shape related traits in 2 years， and the genome wide association study （GWAS） was conducted by combining with the re-sequencing SNP genotypes. The results showed that there were relative wide genetic variations in the 5 seed related traits （seed length， seed width， seed area， seed perimeter and ratio of seed length to width） with the coefficient of variations 3.91%~9.55%. There were 7 SNPs associated with the seed size and shape in 2 years， and 23 SNPs associated with multiple related traits in single year. Among these SNPs， D11∶50561153 was associated with seed width， seed area and perimeter in two years， and D12∶56031535 was associated with seed length， seed area and perimeter in 2 years. Meanwhile， there were 4 SNPs on chromosome D05 associated with the ratio of seed length to width in 2 years. In addition， 10 SNPs on chromosome A07 were associated with seed length， seed area and seed perimeter， which including 2 haplotypes with significant differences on related traits. Further analysis showed that 21 candidate genes nearing the associated SNPs presented the increasing expression levels with the development of cotton ovule. Among these genes， the candidate gene Gh_D05G0148 encoded an EBF protein （EIN3-binding F box protein）， which was demonstrated to regulate the plant growth and development via the ethylene signal pathway. The expressions of Gh_D05G0148 showed much higher in the cotton ovule during 1~35 d post anthesis with the highest level at 10 d post anthesis. Meanwhile， the candidate gene Gh_D05G0144 was predicted to encode the ovule development involved YABBY transcription factor， and showed higher expression levels in cotton ovule during 20~35 d post anthesis. These results provided selection markers and candidate genes for the genetic improvements of the seed traits， and also laid foundation for the synchronous improvement of cotton fiber and seed traits.

Establishment of Comprehensive Evaluation and Prediction Equation for Cucumber Wet-cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage

Yuanyuan DING, Xi’ao WANG, Ce LIU, Shuju LI, Zhihui CHENG

2022, 24(11):  87-96.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0484

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To establish the evaluation system of cucumber on wet-cold tolerance， the high humidity and low temperature environment was set in growth chambers. The morphological and physiological indexes of 20 cucumber varieties at seedling stage were determined for evaluating the wet-cold tolerance. And the prediction equation of cucumber wet-cold tolerance was established by principal component， membership function and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the prediction equation of cucumber wet-cold tolerance was established： Y=0.492+0.032 I₆-0.084 I₄-0.029 I₇， in which， Y represented the comprehensive value， I₄， I₆ and I₇ represented the relative values of catalase activity， proline content and polyphenol oxidase activity in the high humidity and low temperature environment and normal environment， respectively. The higher the Y value was， the more tolerant to wet-cold the cucumber would be. Validation analysis showed that the average accuracy of the prediction equation was 95.9%. It showed that the prediction equation could be used to evaluate wet-cold tolerance of cucumber， which provided technique supports for wet-cold tolerance breeding and cultivation of cucumber.

INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE & AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Establishment and Verification of Steady-State Steering Model for Mountain Tracked Vehicle on Soft Slope Road

Xin JIA, Ni XIE, Xiaobing DING, Lianghao LIU, Yu LIU

2022, 24(11):  97-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0619

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (10226KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The special working environment in hilly and mountainous areas has a profound impact on the mobility of tracked vehicles， so this paper established a theoretical model of steady-state steering of tracked vehicle to researcy the influence of slope angle， turning radius， turning angle and soil environment on the turning performance of mountain tracked vehicles on soft slopes. The results showed that the steering characteristics were consistent between the numerical analysis and simulation results， which indicating that the established dynamic model of steady-state steering of tracked vehicle on soft slope road had high accuracy. Moreover， the deviation and slip rate had opposite trends with change of the slope angle and turning radius. The traction force， braking force， steering drive torque and resistance torque had the same trend with change of the slope angle and turning radius， and showed periodic changes as the steering angle changes within ［0，360°）. At the same time， the tracked vehicle was easier to achieve steering movement under the condition of larger turning radius and gentle slope angle. And soil environment was a significant factor affecting the steering characteristics of tracked vehicles. This study provided reference for the designation of tracked vehicle steering system and the analysis of steering characteristics on soft slope road.

Estimation of Cotton Yield Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle RGB Images

Jing ZHANG, Simeng GUO, Yingchun HAN, Yaping LEI, Fangfang XING, Wenli DU, Yabing LI, Lu FENG

2022, 24(11):  112-120.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0918

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1512KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

At present， unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） system has been applied to crop yield estimation， the RGB camera carried by UAV was used to collect cotton canopy images from 3 heights （10， 20 and 30 m） at both flowering and boll development stage and boll-opening stage. The color and texture features were extracted from the images and integrated， and then the stepwise regression analysis and factor analysis were respectively performed to screen the most important features and establish cotton yield estimation models. By comparing the yield estimation models at different height and growth stages， the most appropriate growth stage and image acquisition height were determined. The results showed that the fitting degrees and precisions of the yield model at the flowering and boll development stage were better than those at the boll-opening stage at 20 and 30 m. However， the fitting degrees of models at two growth periods were relatively close at the height of 40 m， but the validation of the model was not significant at the boll-opening stage. By comparing the yield estimation models at the flowering and boll development stage at 20 and 30 m and the boll-opening stage at 40 m， it was found that the model established at 30 m at the flowering and boll stage by the stepwise regression analysis had the best fitting effect. Thus， it indicated that the flowering and boll development stage was the optimal growth period for cotton yield estimation， and 30 m was the best height for image collection. In summary， this paper showed that UAV RGB image could estimate cotton yield accurately and quickly， which provided theoretical and technical foundation for the estimation of cotton yield based on visible image， and provided reference for other crops to establish the yield estimation model.

Development of Trunk Sap Flow Monitoring System

Biao ZHANG, Dongmei ZHANG, Lang ZHANG, Zhongke FENG, Linhao SUN

2022, 24(11):  121-129.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0934

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3283KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Trunk sap flow rate is a key indicator for judging the strength of root water absorption and transpiration， and is widely used in the study of tree transpiration water consumption. At present， the plant sap flow meters are generally imported equipment with high prices and a single type of sampling data. Therefore， it is urgent to develop a domestic tree trunk sap flow monitoring system that integrates multiple factors. This paper established a trunk sap flow monitoring system based on tree trunk sap flow and meteorological and soil factors. The TDP sap flow meter based on thermal diffusion technology was used to monitor the branch and trunk sap flow， and the meteorological and soil factor data were collected using multiple types of sensors.The system platform adopt PHP+HTML+MySQL as development language and design tool. Compared with the CK plant sap flow meter， the correlation coefficients of the voltage difference and sap flow rate were 0.834 3 and 0.876 5， respectively. Correlation analysis was carried out on the magnolia sap flow rate during the whole day， daytime and night time by selected environmental factors. The results showed that the environmental factors had different influences on the sap flow rate in different time periods. In addition， a multiple linear regression model of liquid flow rate and environmental factors was established， and the regression model of the whole day time period was well fitted with an R² of 0.674. Compared with foreign equipment， the system had the characteristics of high cost performance， many monitoring indicators， and data visualization of each indicator， So it could be used to study the temporal and spatial variation of tree sap flow rate and environmental factors.

ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH

Evaluation of Efficacy in Field and Mechanism of Bacillus velezensis Agents for Controling Peanut Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

Mengshi PAN, Wenyang GUO, Liuzhu ZHOU, Li DENG, Jianli MIAO, Hongguang XU, Zongyuan ZHANG, Landa QI

2022, 24(11):  130-136.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0122

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1270KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to investigate the control effect of Bacillus velezensis agents on peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii， the peanut “Luhua 14” was used as material to preliminarily research the effect of microbial agents on growth index， disease index and yield of peanuts， and its biocontrol mechanism by inoculating microbial agents with soil mixing and spraying. The results showed that adding microbial agents could significantly reduce the peanut disease index caused by S. rolfsii， improve pods and 100-kernel weight， and increase peanut yield. The inoculating microbial agents by soil mixing had best effect. Microbial agents could increase the diversity of soil fungi community to a certain extent， but had little effect on soil bacterial community， and showed no significant effect on activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase， polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in peanut roots. The results provided a basis for B. velezensis agents in the biocontrol of peanut stem rot caused by S. rolfsii， and provided ideas for the development of its biological pesticides.

Effect Trials of Nano-silver and Nano-iron Oxide Against Melon Powdery Mildew

Yuxin DONG, Zhi ZHENG, Wenkang WANG, Zhiheng WANG, Xiaofeng CHEN

2022, 24(11):  137-147.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0857

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (4229KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the effects and mechanisms of different concentrations of Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide solutions on powdery mildew resistance in melon， the melon seedlings were sprayed with Nano-silver （T1）， Nano-iron oxide （T2） solutions and water （CK） in four leaves and one heart stage， and the disease index， activities of peroxidase （POD）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT） and content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves were determined. The results showed that the spraying of Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide significantly improved the resistance of thin-skinned melon to powdery mildew compared with the control， and significantly reduced the leaves condition index with the T1-4 and T2-4 treatments （10.00 μmol·mL^-1） decreasing 32.52% and 34.96%， respectively. Both T1 and T2 treatments increased POD and SOD activities in leaves， and POD activities in T1 and T2 treatments showed an increase followed by a decrease at different treatment times after inoculation， with the highest values occurring at 72 h after inoculation， and after 72 h of inoculation T1-3 treatment （5.00 μmol·mL^-1） was 56.6% higher and T2-4 treatment （10.00 μmol·mL^-1） was 61.1% higher than the control. The SOD activity in T1 treatment increased first， peaked at 72 h and then decreased， with a maximum value of 376.0 U·g^-1 FW at 72 h after inoculation in the T1-3 treatment （5.00 μmol·mL^-1） and a gradual increase in SOD activity in the T2 treatment， which was 85.6% higher than the control after 96 h of inoculation in the T2-4 treatment （10.00 μmol·mL^-1）. Compared with the control， the CAT activity of T1 and T2 treated leaves showed inconsistent trends. The MDA content of T1 treatment was lower than that of the control， showing an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing， and the 48 h MDA content of T1-3 treatment （5.00 μmol·mL^-1） was 15.8% lower than that of the control. The MDA content in the T2 treatment was significantly higher than the control group except for the treatment at 72 h， which gradually increased before 48 h and then decreased， and the MDA content increased by 41.5% after 24 h in the T2-1 treatment（1.25 μmol·mL^-1） compared with the control group. In conclusion， Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide treatments were effective against melon powdery mildew， which provided a theoretical basis for the control of melon powdery mildew by Nano-silver and Nano-iron oxide.

Diversity and Temporal and Spatial Changes of Spiders in Different Management Types of Tea Gardens

Tao YANG, Jinchi TANG, Wenwei GAO, Hongyan NONG, Ping LUO, Jianlong LI

2022, 24(11):  148-158.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0957

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2367KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the effects of different management methods on the structure and spatial distribution of spiders groups in tea gardens， and understand the important role of spiders in the intensive green management of tea gardens， 3 types of tea gardens including 1# tea garden （conventional and no intercropping）， 2# tea garden （deep vegetation coverage and less human interference） and 3# tea garden （no covered and regularly weeding and spraying chemical pesticides） were taking as objects. The number and types of spiders and leafhoppers were investigated by patting method （tea bush） and trap method （ground） from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the number of spiders in the 3 types of tea gardens was 2# tea garden > 1# tea garden > 3# tea garden， and the differences between different types of tea gardens were significant （P<0.05）. Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed 2# tea garden > 3# tea garden and 1# tea garden， and the differences between different types of tea gardens were significant （P<0.05）. The spatial distribution of spiders was mainly dominated by tea bushes， and the surface was less. The number of leafhoppers and spiders in tea gardens had basically remained the same over time in 2 years. Due to the regular application of chemical pesticides， the number of spiders and leafhoppers in 3# tea garden had the least fluctuation， while the number of spiders in 2# tea garden fluctuated greatly， and leafhoppers and spiders had obvious following effects. In 2# tea garden， the surrounding vegetation was rich， and Taiwanese Acacia and deciduous trees were evenly interplanted， the habitat structure was relatively complicated， the vegetation coverage was more deeper， and a certain buffer zone was formed， which improved the microclimate of tea garden and increased the diversity of spiders groups. Comprehensive studies had shown that constructing a reasonable buffer zone， increasing the depth of vegetation coverage around and inside tea gardens， and reducing human interference could better optimize the spatial and temporal structure of spider communities.

BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY

Analysis on the Effect of the Reduction of Pesticide and Fertilizer in Chinese Agriculture During“the 13^th Five-Year Plan”Period

Zhihui YAN, Huaiguo ZHENG, Ailing WANG, Limin CHUAN, Jingjuan ZHAO

2022, 24(11):  159-170.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0323

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (10114KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to evaluate the effect of ‘Zero-Growth’ action plan for pesticides and fertilizer during “the 13^th Five Year” period， the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer were analyzed systematically from the aspects of the total amount， the application intensity and the benefit. The regional differences and changes of the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer were also analyzed at 9 agricultural regional and 31 province cautonomous regions and municipality levels. The results showed the amount of pesticides and fertilizers decreased significantly in all regions during the “the 13^th Five-Year” period， and the reduced degree in some regions had more than 30%. The intensity of pesticide application in the South China region was much higher than other regions. The economic benefit of pesticide in the eastern region was generally lower than those in the central and western regions， and the economic benefit of pesticide in Guizhou was much higher than those in other provinces. The intensities of fertilizer application in South China， Huang-Huai-Hai plain and the Loess plateau regions were greater than those in other agricultural regions. And the intensities of fertilizer in hainan， Fujian， and Beijing were high level. The economic benefits of fertilizer were higher in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau， Yunnan-Guizhou plateau， Sichuan basin and surrounding areas and South China regions. The economic benefits of fertilizer in Guizhou， Qinghai， Tibet， Zhejiang， Sichuan， Hainan and Shanghai were the highest among all regions， reaching more than 20×10⁴ yuan·t^-1 at the end of “the 13^th Five-Year” period. The annual changes and regional differences in the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer during “the 13^th Five-Year” period could provide a reference basis to formulate accurate measures to reduce the use of pesticide and fertilizer for each region.

Research Progress on the Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Farmland Soil by Fiber Crops

Juan LI, Xuyu YAN, Xiang WU, Ling LI

2022, 24(11):  171-178.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0504

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (530KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cadmium （Cd） is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements to plant growth and has caused great harm to the farmland soil ecosystem. Therefore， the research on remediation of Cd contaminated farmland soil has great significance. Compared with other crops， fiber crops such as cotton and hemp have large biomass， strong environmental adaptability， high economic value， and strong absorption and enrichment capacity for heavy metal ions. This paper analyzed the current status of Cd pollution in farmland soil in China， summarized the effects of Cd on the growth and development of cotton， hemp， jute， ramie， kenaf and other fiber crops， and explored the response mechanism and the remediation effect of fiber crops on Cd contaminated soil， which aimed to provide a certain reference for the use of fiber crops for remediation of Cd contaminated farmland soil.

Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Different Agricultural Jiaosu

Heling FAN, Qing ZHU, Xuebing SUN, Li ZHANG, Changjiang LI, Ping CHEN, Xiaolong HUANG, Rongping ZHANG

2022, 24(11):  179-189.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0525

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (5686KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to analyze the microbial diversity and community composition of different agricultural Jiaosu， high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition of 5 microbial agents （Shimamoto， etc.） and 8 liquid agricultural Jiaosu （corn stover， castor stalk， Artemisia scoparia， casuarina needles， Artemisia carvifolia， Brambles and other straw as raw materials） and 7 solid-state agricultural Jiaosu （Brambles， Artemisia carvifolia， Artemisia scoparia， corn stover， ghost needle grass and other straw as raw materials）. The results showed that microbial agents’ bacterial and fungal OTUs were 292 and 54 respectively. The liquid agricultural Jiaosu’s bacterial OTUs ranged from 61 to 467， and fungal OTUs ranged from 7 to 44. With differences in raw materials， the composition of bacterial and fungal communities varied greatly in Jiaosu. The solid agricultural Jiaosu had more OTUs （1 015~1 474 for bacteria and 58~93 for fungi）， which were significantly higher than those for microbial agents and liquid agricultural Jiaosu. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria， Bacteroides and Actinobacteria were 26.0%~47.5%， 9.4%~33.3% and 10.7%~28.6% respectively， which were the dominant bacteria in the bacterial community. The dominant phylum in fungal community was Ascomycetes. In conclusion，the community diversityand abundance were different from dosage forms and materials，which the influence degree showed dosage form>material，and the diversity showed solid>liquid.

Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Soil Nutrients and Inherent Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

Zhuwen LIU, Longfei YANG, Maolin LIU, Guotao JIA, Qian YAO, Yiqiong MA, Ting CUI, Xinling YANG, Yang CHEN, Liangkun CHENG

2022, 24(11):  190-198.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0541

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1373KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the improvement effect of different soil amendments on tobacco planting soil and flue-cured tobacco quality， a total of 4 treatments including not applying fertilizer （CK） and the application of polyacrylamide （T1）， biochar （T2），high carbon-based organic fertilizer （T3） were set up. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different treatments on agronomic characters， soil physicochemical properties， intrinsic quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that flue-cured tobacco in T3 treatment had higher growth indicators， especially the maximum leaf area， which was significantly higher than that in T1 and T2 treatments with an increase of 17.06% and 14.48%， respectively. Soil electrical conductivity in T3 treatment was significantly increased by 83.38% and 85.82% compared with T1 and T2 treatment， respectively. The soil organic carbon content was the highest under the T2 treatment with an increase of 113.60% and 53.45%， respectively， compared with the T1 and T3 treatments. Compared with CK， the number of soil bacteria was significantly increased by 10.44% under T3 treatment， and the number of fungi was significantly decreased by 17.51%； T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the total sugar， reducing sugar， potassium content， sugar-base ratio， potassium-chlorine ratio， and decreased the chlorine content of tobacco leaves to varying degrees. The total sugar， reducing sugar and potassium contents of tobacco leaves under T3 treatment were significantly increased by 8.22%， 12.67% and 5.26% compared with T1 treatment； in terms of yield and output value， T3 treatment was significantly improved by 14.29% and 7.01%， 20.81% and 12.62% compared with T1 and T2 treatments， respectively. It indicated that the application of soil amendments could improve soil nutrients and tobacco intrinsic quality to varying degrees， and the treatment with high carbon-based organic fertilizers had the best effect.

Application of Chicken Manure-derived Biochar for Adsorption of Lead

Lei ZHOU, Zhaolan CHEN, Yubo YAN, Qiao LI

2022, 24(11):  199-207.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0566

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3488KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the rapid development of large-scale breeding， the production of poultry manure increases accordingly， how to treat and recycle it has increasingly become a research hotspot. The performance of chicken manure-derived biochar （CMBC-400， pyrolysis temperature of 400 ℃） was investigated to remove Pb²⁺ in wastewater. The sorption kinetics， isotherms and thermodynamics of Pb²⁺ adsorption on CMBC-400 were investigated by batch experiments. The experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second order model， which indicated chemisorption was the rate-limiting step of sorption process. Equilibrium sorption of CMBC-400 on Pb²⁺ fitted best with the Langmuir model， indicating a fixed number of identical and energetically equivalent active sites on the homogeneous surface of CMBC-400. The thermodynamic investigation confirmed that the sorption of CMBC-400 on Pb²⁺ could carry out spontaneously， and the higher temperature favored the processes. The SEM and XRD analysis indicated that CMBC-400 could intensely adsorb solution Pb²⁺ via precipitation of Pb-containing microcrystals. Moreover， soil experiments indicated that addition of CMBC-400 could effectively enhanced the conversion of the available Pb to the stable forms， thereby decreasing the bioavailability of soil Pb.

Diversity of Phosphate⁃solubilizing Fungi and Their Applications in Agriculture and Ecology

Yu MENG, Gang TAO, Deqi HUANG, Xiajun YAO

2022, 24(11):  208-217.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0718

Asbtract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (579KB) ( )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Phosphate-solubilizing fungi （PSF） are important group of functional fungi， which widely exist in soil. Because of distinctive phosphate-solubilizing ability and genetic stability， PSF have important application in green agricultural practice and ecological restoration， and become research hotspot currently. The type and mechanism of PSF and the effects on soil and plant were summarized， and the applications in agricultural practice and ecological environment restoration were discussed. In addition， the future research and practice of PSF were also prospected.