Effect of Exogenous Ethephon on Defoliation and Yield of Pigmented Pepper

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0981

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of exogenous ethephon on leaf shedding and yield of pigmented pepper， the variety ‘Jinjiao 801’ was used as material， and different dosages of ethephon were set up including 200 （T200）， 400 （T400）， 600 （T600）， 800 （T800） and 1 000 mg·L^-1 （T1000）， with water as control （CK）. The deciduous rate of pigmented pepper leaves was investigated， and the contents of photosynthetic pigments， carbohydrates， antioxidant enzymes in pigmented pepper leaves and fruit yield were determined. The results showed that after processing for 12 and 15 d， the deciduous rates of T600 treatment were 43.95% and 54.11%， respectively， which were 5.06 and 5.46 times that of CK. The fruit yield of T600 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK at 5 sampling times， and the yield were the maximum at 5 sampling times. Exogenous ethephon treatment could reduce the contents of chlorophyll， reducing sugar and soluble sugar in pigmented pepper leaves， reduce the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD）， reduce starch accumulation， accelerate leaf senescence， increase malonaldehyde （MDA） content in pigmented pepper leaves， and improve fruit yield. With the increase of ethephon dosage， the contents of chlorophyll， reducing sugar， soluble sugar content and starch gradually decreased， the SOD and POD activities graduallies decreased， and the MDA content gradually increased. After processing for 15 d， compared with CK， T600 treatment significantly accelerated the senescence of pigmented pepper leaves， and the chlorophyll content， starch content， SOD activity and POD activity decreased by 80.83%， 31.42%， 73.67% and 37.19%， respectively， the content of MDA increased by 57.60%. To sum up， exogenous 600 mg·L^-1 ethephon treatment had the best effect on promoting leaf senescence and increasing fruit yield of pigmented pepper. Above results provided theoretical basis for artificially regulating leaf shedding of pigmented pepper and improving the mechanized harvesting efficiency of pigmented pepper.

Key words: ethephon, pigmented pepper, yield, leaf defoliation, physiological indicator, antioxidant enzyme activity

摘要：

为探究外源乙烯利对色素辣椒叶片脱落及产量的影响，以色素辣椒品种‘晋椒801’为试材，分别喷施200（T200）、400（T400）、600（T600）、800（T800）、1 000 mg·L^-1（T1000）的外源乙烯利，以喷施清水为对照（CK），调查不同处理色素辣椒叶片落叶率，测定叶片中光合色素含量、糖类物质含量、抗氧化酶活性和果实产量等指标。结果表明，处理后12和15 d时T600处理的落叶率分别为43.95%和54.11%，分别是CK的5.06和5.46倍；且T600处理色素辣椒在5个采样时间点的果实产量均显著大于CK，分别达到该采样时间点的最大值。此外，外源乙烯利处理可减少色素辣椒叶片中叶绿素、还原糖和可溶性糖含量，降低超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性，减少淀粉积累，加速叶片衰老，增加叶片中丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）含量，提高果实产量。随乙烯利处理剂量的增加，叶片的叶绿素、还原糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量逐渐减少，SOD和POD活性逐渐降低，MDA含量逐渐增加。在处理15 d时，T600处理可显著加速色素辣椒叶片衰老，其叶绿素和淀粉含量及SOD和POD活性较CK分别降低80.83%、31.42%、73.67%和37.19%；MDA含量较CK增加57.60%。综上，外源600 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理对促进色素辣椒叶片衰老和增加果实产量效果最好，以上研究结果为人工调控色素辣椒叶片脱落、提高色素辣椒机械化采收效率提供理论依据。

关键词: 乙烯利, 色素辣椒, 产量, 叶片脱落, 生理指标, 抗氧化酶活性

CLC Number:

S641.3

Xueqing LIU, Jing WANG, Yi YANG, Huiqin WU, Yanhong WANG, Luyao WANG, Jiawei LU, Kaixuan ZHANG, Yuan ZHAI, Yan CHENG. Effect of Exogenous Ethephon on Defoliation and Yield of Pigmented Pepper[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(8): 36-46.

刘雪晴, 王静, 阳宜, 吴慧琴, 王延宏, 王麓尧, 路佳伟, 张凯璇, 翟源, 成妍. 外源乙烯利对色素辣椒脱叶及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 36-46.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Deciduous rates of pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	2.033±0.569 f	5.573±0.103 e	6.195±0.550 e	8.685±0.106 f	9.904±0.071 f
T200	4.753±0.100e	8.150±0.231 d	13.012±0.825 d	23.873±0.328 e	33.178±2.107 e
T400	9.441±0.127 d	13.908±0.368 c	21.764±0.500 c	33.526±0.682 d	35.650±0.357 d
T600	16.588±0.252 a	27.782±2.032 a	32.462±1.015 a	43.952±0.437 a	54.110±2.029 a
T800	14.746±0.058 b	26.261±0.785 ab	30.970±1.516 ab	37.569±1.011 b	49.018±0.478 b
T1000	12.595±0.080 c	25.478±1.860 b	29.902±2.074 b	35.638±0.502 c	46.721±0.448 c

Table 2 Number of fruits per plant of pigmented pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	20.33±1.53 c	22.33±1.53 b	21.67±0.58 c	23.33±1.53 c	23.67±1.53 c
T200	24.33±0.58 ab	26.33±1.53 a	25.67±1.53 b	27.33±1.53 b	26.67±0.58 b
T400	22.33±1.53 bc	25.67±1.53 a	24.67±1.53 b	25.67±1.53 bc	28.33±1.53 b
T600	25.00±1.00 a	27.33±1.53 a	29.67±1.53 a	30.00±1.00 a	31.00±1.00 a
T800	23.33±1.53 ab	17.67±1.53 c	17.67±1.53 d	15.00±1.00 d	16.67±1.53 d
T1000	20.67±1.53 c	16.33±1.53 c	14.67±1.53 e	14.33±1.53 d	11.67±0.58 e

Table 3 Single fruit weight of pigmented pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	17.26±4.28 ab	18.10±1.64 ab	18.60±1.00 abc	19.08±1.27 b	19.36±1.11 bc
T200	16.53±4.49 ab	18.60±1.23 ab	18.13±1.72 abc	20.56±1.99 ab	21.88±1.10 a
T400	19.20±2.57 a	19.52±2.24 ab	18.88±1.38 ab	19.47±2.08 ab	21.61±1.61 ab
T600	19.75±2.75 a	20.63±3.20 a	19.42±2.03 a	21.54±2.13 a	22.59±2.16 a
T800	14.32±3.80 b	17.50±2.07 b	17.25±1.45 bc	18.56±2.01 b	18.69±2.66 c
T1000	13.02±2.22 b	17.23±1.63 b	16.82±1.30 c	18.36±1.41 b	18.60±2.79 c

Table 4 Fruit yield per plant of pigmented pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	1.96±0.19 bc	2.11±0.14 b	2.00±0.15 c	2.20±0.12 c	2.38±0.21 c
T200	2.23±0.19 ab	2.50±0.07 ab	2.34±0.18 b	2.70±0.21 b	2.90±0.15 b
T400	2.16±0.04 abc	2.58±0.33 a	2.31±0.12 b	2.64±0.20 b	3.18±0.36 b
T600	2.41±0.14 a	2.66±0.37 a	2.78±0.23 a	3.28±0.17 a	3.68±0.16 a
T800	1.86±0.17 c	1.51±0.17 c	1.63±0.09 d	1.41±0.08 d	1.69±0.21 d
T1000	1.18±0.22 d	1.47±0.09 c	1.23±0.04 e	1.36±0.10 d	1.14±0.17 e

Fig. 1 Chlorophyll content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

Fig. 2 Starch content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

Fig. 3 Reducing sugar content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 4 Soluble sugar content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 5 MDA content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 6 SOD activity in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

Fig.7 POD activity in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

Fig. 8 Correlation analysis between leaves and fruits of pigmented pepper under different treatmentsNote：DR—Deciduous rate；NOFPP—Number of fruits per plant；SFW—Single fruit weight；Y—Yield per plant；C—Chlorophyll content；S—Starch content；RS—Reducing sugar content；SS—Soluble sugars content；MDA—Malonaldehyde content；SOD—Superoxide dismutase activity；POD—Peroxide activity. *， ** and *** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

Fig. 9 Principal component analysis of leaves and fruits of pigmented pepper under different treatmentsA： Scatter diagram； B：Load diagram. DR—Deciduous rate；NOFPP—Number of fruits per plant；SFW—Single fruit weight；Y—Yield per plant；C—Chlorophyll content； S—Starch content；RS—Reducing sugar content；SS—Soluble sugars content；MDA—Malonaldehyde content；SOD—Superoxide dismutase activity； POD—Peroxide activity

References 36

[1]	OLATUNJI T L, AFOLAYAN A J. The suitability of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for alleviating human micronutrient dietary deficiencies: a review [J]. Food Sci. Nutr., 2018, 6(8): 2239-2251.
[2]	WANG P, YIN L, LIANG D, et al.. Delayed senescence of apple leaves by exogenous melatonin treatment: toward regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle [J]. J. Pineal Res., 2012, 53(1): 11-20.
[3]	李中海,郭永峰,任国栋,等.叶片衰老研究进展[J].植物生理学报, 2023, 59 (9): 1627-1656.
	LI Z H, GUO Y F, REN G D, et al.. Advances in leaf senescence research [J]. Plant Physiol. J., 2023, 59(9): 1627-1656.
[4]	吴立东,王家腾,刘亚婷,等.不同基肥配施对朝天椒产量和加工品质的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2024, 40(3): 23-28.
	WU L D, WANG J T, LIU Y T, et al.. Effects of different base fertilizer combinations on yield and processing quality of pod pepper [J]. Acta Agric. Shanghai, 2024, 40(3): 23-28.
[5]	梁传静,邢丹,张爱民,等.不同脱叶剂对辣研102脱叶效果与产量的影响[J].农技服务, 2022, 39(9): 21-23.
[6]	付文婷,吴迪,吴康云,等.机采辣椒育种的发展及现状[J].农技服务, 2019, 36(10): 98-99.
[7]	SUZUKI K, MORI M. Carotenoid composition of new cultivar of Capsicum annuum during maturation and its high capsanthin content [J]. Nippon. Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2003, 50(7): 324-326.
[8]	刘雪,叶甜甜,施帆,等.油茶成熟期喷施乙烯利对果实成熟及品质的影响[J].经济林研究, 2024, 42(1): 1-10.
	LIU X, YE T T, SHI F, et al.. Effects of ethephon spray treatments on ripening and quality of Camellia oleifera fruit during ripening [J]. Non-wood For. Res., 2024, 42(1):1-10.
[9]	崔娅松,陈庆富,霍冬敖,等.植物落花落果的分子机理研究进展[J].广西植物, 2018, 38(9): 1234-1247.
	CUI Y S, CHEN Q F, HUO D A, et al.. Research progress on molecular mechanism of plant falling flowers and fruits [J]. Guihaia, 2018, 38(9): 1234-1247.
[10]	丁欣欣,李秋煜,杨笑,等.乙烯利对核桃叶片衰老和光合同化产物的影响[J].北方园艺, 2022(8): 46-51.
	DING X X, LI Q Y, YANG X, et al.. Effects of ethephon on senescence and photo-contracted products of walnut leaves [J]. North. Hortic., 2022(8): 46-51.
[11]	侯慧丰,张晶晶,罗怡璇,等.叶面喷施乙烯利对银杏叶生物量、生理及品质的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2024 (6): 112-119.
	HOU H F, ZHANG J J, LUO Y X, et al.. Effects of ethephon application on biomass,physiology and quality of Ginkgo biloba leaves [J]. J. Central South Univ. For. Technol., 2024(6): 112-119.
[12]	黄山,唐文军,何彩莲,等.乙烯利、敌草快、噻苯隆处理对南方春大豆落叶的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2020(12): 42-44.
	HUANG S, TANG W J, HE C L, et al.. Effects of ethephon, diquat and thidiazuron on the defoliation of spring soybean in South China [J]. Hunan Agric. Sci., 2020(12): 42-44.
[13]	董美超,尹拓,周东果,等.两个柠檬品种叶片离区响应乙烯利处理的转录组分析[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2024, 25(7): 1199-1210.
	DONG M C, YIN T, ZHOU D G, et al.. Transcriptome analysis of leaf abscission zones post ethephon treatment in two lemon varieties [J]. J. Plant Genetic Resour., 2024, 25(7): 1199-1210.
[14]	肖怀娟,刘珂珂,马勇斌,等.外源脱落酸调控下辣椒叶片衰老过程的生理生化变化[J].河南农业大学学报, 2019, 53(3):357-364.
	XIAO H J, LIU K K, MA Y B, et al.. Physiological and biochemical changes during leaf senescence under the regulation of exogenous ABA in Capsicum annuum L. [J]. J. Henan Agric. Univ., 2019, 53(3): 357-364.
[15]	徐江民,蒋玲欢,沈晨辉,等.多种外源激素处理对水稻叶片衰老的影响[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 41(2): 201-206.
	XU J M, JIANG L H, SHEN C H, et al.. The influence of various exogenous hormone treatment on rice leaf senescence [J]. J. Zhejiang Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2018, 41(2): 201-206.
[16]	孙晓英.喷施乙烯利对花生农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院, 2023.
	SUN X Y. Effect of spraying ethephon on agronomic traits, yield and quality of peanut [D]. Qinhuangdao: Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2023.
[17]	ARKUS K A J, CAHOON E B, JEZ J M. Mechanistic analysis of wheat chlorophyllase [J]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2005, 438(2): 146-155.
[18]	李明,王根轩.干旱胁迫对甘草幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].生态学报, 2002, 22(4): 503-507.
	LI M, WANG G X. Effect of drought stress on activities of cell defense enzymes and lipid peroxidation in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings [J]. Acta Ecol. Sin., 2002, 22(4): 503-507.
[19]	李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000: 260-261.
[20]	GIANNOPOLITIS C N, RIES S K. Superoxide dismutases [J]. Plant Physiol., 1977, 59(2): 309-314.
[21]	HAMMERSCHMIDT R, NUCKLES E M, KUĆ J. Association of enhanced peroxidase activity with induced systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum lagenarium [J]. Physiol. Plant Pathol., 1982, 20(1): 73-82.
[22]	刘万代,张倩,汪大伟.氮肥基追比对不同成熟型小麦叶片衰老及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2015(3): 21-24.
	LIU W D, ZHANG Q, WANG D W. Effects of nitrogen-based recovery ratio on the leaf senescence and the yield of different maturing phases of wheat [J]. Hunan Agric. Sci., 2015(3): 21-24.
[23]	杜霄力.不同种植密度对阜豆9号大豆生长发育及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技, 2016(15): 24-24, 26.
[24]	屈洋,马雯,刘晓婷,等.种植密度和喷施乙烯利对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报, 2024, 30(9): 20-24.
	QU Y, MA W, LIU X T, et al.. Effects of planting density and spraying ethylene on soybean yield and quality [J]. Anhui Agric. Sci. Bull., 2024, 30(9): 20-24.
[25]	梁木华,韦一,陈家琦,等.不同形态镁肥对生菜生长发育及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2024(6): 1-14.
	LIANG M H, WEI Y, CHEN J Q, et al.. Effect of different forms of magnesium on the growth, development and quality of lettuce [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2024(6): 1-14.
[26]	雷虎,江晓东,张建取.高温高湿环境下调亏灌溉对番茄叶片光合和衰老特性的影响[J].中国瓜菜, 2023, 36(3): 58-63.
	LEI H, JIANG X D, ZHANG J Q. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on photosynthetic and senescence characteristics of tomato leaves under high temperature and high relative humidity environment in summer [J]. China Cucurbits Veg., 2023, 36(3): 58-63.
[27]	刘群龙,王朵,吴国良,等.硒对酥梨叶片衰老及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].园艺学报, 2011, 38(11): 2059-2066.
	LIU Q L, WANG D, WU G L, et al.. Effects of selenium on leaf senescence and antioxidase system in Pyrus bretschneider ‘Dangshan suli’ [J]. Acta Hortic. Sin., 2011, 38(11): 2059-2066.
[28]	王宇航,李斗,王春恒,等.褪黑素对葡萄叶片发育衰老过程中亚细胞活性氧代谢的影响[J].园艺学报,2024,51(1): 103-120.
	WANG Y H, LI D, WANG C H, et al.. The effect of melatonin on the subcellular reactive oxygen species metabolism during development and senescence in grape leaves [J]. Acta Hortic. Sin., 2024, 51(1): 103-120.
[29]	刘新甜,彭剑涛,张琳,等.乙烯利对烟草离体叶圆片衰老相关生理指标的影响[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版), 2017,34(4): 12-15.
	LIU X T, PENG J T, ZHANG L, et al.. Effect of ethephon on senescence related physiological indexes of leaf discs [J]. J. Guizhou Univ. Nat. Sci., 2017, 34(4): 12-15.
[30]	王永章,张大鹏.乙烯对成熟期新红星苹果果实碳水化合物代谢的调控[J].园艺学报, 2000, 27(6): 391-395.
	WANG Y Z, ZHANG D P. Regulating effects of ethylene on carbohydrate metabolism in ‘Starkrimson’ apple fruit during the ripening period [J]. Acta Hortic. Sin., 2000, 27(6): 391-395.
[31]	齐红岩,刘洋,刘海涛.水分亏缺对番茄叶片气孔特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2009, 29(1): 9-15.
	QI H Y, LIU Y, LIU H T. Effect of water deficit on stomatal characteristics and ultrastructure of chloroplast in tomato leaves [J]. Acta Bot. Bor-Occid. Sin., 2009, 29(1): 9-15.
[32]	吴雪霞,朱月林,朱为民,等.外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理影响[J].中国农业科学, 2006, 39(3): 575-581.
	WU X X, ZHU Y L, ZHU W M, et al.. Physiological effects of exogenous nitric oxide in tomato seedlings under NaCl stress [J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2006, 39(3): 575-581.
[33]	孙宏图,刘帮迪,孙静,等.不同剂量红光和乙烯利处理对采后芒果成熟及活性氧代谢的影响[J].保鲜与加工, 2024 (6):1-17.
	SUN H T, LIU B D, SUN J, et al.. Different doses of red light and ethephon treatment on postharvest mango ripening and reactive oxygen metabolism [J]. Storage Process, 2024 (6): 1-17.
[34]	VANACKER H. Roles for redox regulation in leaf senescence of pea plants grown on different sources of nitrogen nutrition [J]. J. Exp. Bot., 2006, 57(8): 1735-1745.
[35]	杨国慧,李红霞,韩德果,等.乙烯对树莓果实成熟软化的影响[J].东北农业大学学报, 2019, 50(3): 35-43.
	YANG G H, LI H X, HAN D G, et al.. Effect of ethylene on ripening and softening of raspberry fruit [J]. J. Northeast Agric. Univ., 2019, 50(3): 35-43.
[36]	张宏涛,吉雪花.乙烯利对线椒果实成熟的影响[J].吉林蔬菜, 2009(1): 70-72.