Abstract:

To explore the effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the yield and soil biological characteristics of Beibei pumpkin in greenhouse facilities， and clarify the application effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer and screen the optimal proportion，a field experiment method was adopted and 6 treatments were set up： 100% fertilizer application （T1）， organic fertilizer replacing 20% （T2），40% （T3）， 60% （T4）， 80% fertilizer （T5）， respectively， and 100% organic fertilizer （T6）. The effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activity， microbial quantity， soil respiration rate and yield of Beibei pumpkin were analysed. The results showed that soil enzyme activity， microbial quantity， soil respiration rate and yield of pumpkin were increased under organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers in 0 to 40 cm soil layer during pumpkin growth stage and reached highest level during the vine growth stage. The activities of urease， alkaline phosphatase， sucrase， catalase of T4 and T5 treatments in 0 to 40 cm soil layer during the vine growth stage of Beibei pumpkin were increased by 70.75% and 70.74%， 7.89% and 9.66%， 56.07% and 43.79%， 10.73% and 12.14%， respectively. The microbial quantity and respiration rate were significantly increased by organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer. The number of soil bacteria， fungi， actinomycetes and soil respiration rate showed a “single peak” curve with the growth stage of pumpkin， and reached the peak at the vine growth stage. Compared with T1 treatment， the number of soil bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes in 0 to 40 cm soil layer of the organic fertilizer substitution treatment group increased by 3.84%~31.35%， 1.95%~24.13% and 0.40%~21.07%， respectively， there was no significant difference between T4 and T5 treatments，and the respiration rate increased by 4.47%~30.79%. Organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers could significantly increase pumpkin yield. Compared with T1 treatment， the pumpkin yield of T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased by 39.93% and 46.67%， respectively. Therefore， the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer was 60%~80%. Above results provided data support for the reduction of chemical fertilizers， improvement of efficiency and high-efficiency cultivation of Beibei pumpkins in this district.

Key words: Beibei pumpkin, organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers, soil enzyme activity, microbial quantity, soil respiration rate, yield

摘要：

为探索有机肥替代化肥对设施大棚土壤生物学特性及贝贝南瓜产量的影响，明确有机肥替代化肥施用效果并筛选最佳替代比例，采用大田试验方法，设置100%化肥（T1）、有机肥分别替代20%（T2）、40%（T3）、60%（T4）、80%化肥（T5）和100%有机肥（T6）共6个处理，研究不同处理对南瓜生育期土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量、土壤呼吸速率动态变化和南瓜产量的影响。结果表明，有机肥替代化肥能够提高贝贝南瓜生育期0—40 cm土层土壤酶活性、微生物数量、土壤呼吸速率及南瓜产量，全生育期土壤酶活性在抽蔓期达到最高。在抽蔓期，T4和T5处理的0—40 cm土层土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性较T1处理分别提高70.75%和70.74%、7.89%和9.66%、56.07%和43.79%、10.73%和12.14%。有机肥替代化肥增加了土壤微生物数量和呼吸速率，随南瓜生育时期推进土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和土壤呼吸速率呈“单峰”曲线变化，在抽蔓期达到峰值；与T1处理相比，有机肥替代处理组0—40 cm土层土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别提高3.84%~31.35%、1.95%~24.13%、0.40%~21.07%，T4、T5处理间差异不显著，呼吸速率增强4.47%~30.79%；有机肥替代化肥能显著提高南瓜产量，T4、T5处理南瓜产量较T1处理分别显著提高39.93%、46.67%。因此，贝贝南瓜高效种植中有机肥替代化肥最佳比例为60%~80%。研究结果为该区贝贝南瓜化肥减量增效及高效栽培提供数据支撑。

关键词: 贝贝南瓜, 有机肥替代化肥, 土壤酶活性, 微生物数量, 土壤呼吸速率, 产量