Abstract:

In order to safely utilize the Cd-contaminated soil， and explore the deactivation effect of amendments on Cd contaminated soil， different types of amendments were selected including biochar （BC）， inorganic amendment （TB） and organic amendment （OA）， and no amendment was control （CK）， and 3 experimental sites were set up in northern， eastern and southern of Henan， respectively. The deactivation of 3 amendments and their effects on soil microbial community structure were studied. The results showed that 3 amendments could significantly reduce the available Cd contents in soil， and the Cd content in wheat grains decreased ultimately. The pH of soil in south of Henan was incrrased after the application of amendments. Compared with CK， the available Cd content of soil in northern， eastern and southern of Henan decreased by 48.1%~86.1%， 24.2%~33% and 33.5%~54.3%， respectively， and the Cd content of wheat grains decreased by 22.2%~84.7%， 51.8%~58.2% and 24.9%~44.1%， respectively. In addition， amendments significantly changed the community composition and structure of bacteria and fungi in soil. In the northern experimental site， the abundances of Solicoccozyma and Purpureocilliun in fungi were increased by 3 amendments. In the eastern experimental site， TB treatment significantly increased the abundance of Chryseolinea in fungi， OA and TB treatments significantly increased the abundance of Subulicystidium in fungi. In the southern experimental site， BC treatment significantly increased the abundance of bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium， Bryobacter and Reyranella. In conclusion， the effects of amendment BC and OA in northern and eastern of Henan were significant， but amendment TB effect was the most significant in southern of Henan. Among them， the Cd content of grain in the northern of Henan was lower than 0.1 mg kg^-1 （national food safety standard limit）^{after amendment BC and OA application. Above results provided reference for achieving food security production.}

Key words: calcareous soils, acidic soils, amendment, microbial diversity

摘要：

为安全利用镉（Cd）污染土壤，探究调理剂对Cd污染土壤的钝化效果，选用生物炭（BC）、无机调理剂（TB）、有机调理剂（OA）3种不同类型调理剂，以不施用调理剂为对照（CK），分别在豫北、豫东和豫南设置3个试验点，探究3种调理剂对不同Cd污染土壤的钝化效果及土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，3种调理剂均显著降低了土壤有效态Cd含量和小麦籽粒Cd含量；且酸性土壤在施用调理剂后pH均升高。与CK相比，调理剂处理后豫北、豫东和豫南土壤有效态Cd含量分别降低48.1%~86.1%、24.2%~33%、33.5%~54.3%；小麦籽粒Cd含量分别降低22.2%~84.7%、51.8%~58.2%、24.9%~44.1%。此外，施用调理剂显著改变了土壤细菌和真菌的群落组成和结构。在豫北试验点，3种调理剂均增加了真菌Solicoccozyma与紫孢霉属（Purpureocillium）的丰度；在豫东试验点，TB处理增加了细菌Chryseolinea的丰度，OA和TB处理显著增加了真菌锥囊菌属（Subulicystidium）的丰度；在豫南试验点， BC处理显著增加了土壤细菌Bradyrhizobium、Bryobacter、Reyranella等的丰度。综上，在豫东和豫北地区施用生物炭和有机调理剂效果显著，而在豫南地区施用无机调理剂效果显著，其中在豫北试验点施用生物炭和有机调理剂可使小麦籽粒Cd含量低于0.1 mg·kg^-1（国家食品安全标准限值）。以上研究结果为实现粮食安全生产提供了参考。

关键词: 石灰性土壤, 酸性土壤, 调理剂, 微生物多样性