Abstract: In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics in leaves, and grain yield of early and late rice with different transplanting methods in double-cropping rice systems of southern China, three treatments of seedling throwing (ST), hand transplanting (HT) and machine transplanting (MT) were set up in  field experiment, the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves and grain yield were analyzed in present paper. The results showed that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in rice leaves were both higher in ST and HT treatments than those in MT treatment at main growth stages of early rice and late rice. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and praline (Pro) contents in leaves were both higher in ST and HT treatments than those in MT treatment at main growth stages of early rice and late rice. SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in leaves were both showed as ST＞HT＞MT. And the stomatal conductance (Gs) in rice leaves with different transplanting methods was showed as HT＞ST＞MT at main  growth stages of early rice and late rice. And the transpiration rate (Tr) in rice leaves was showed as MT＞HT＞ST. It was also indicated that there were no significant differences in 1 000-grain weight of rice between MT, HT and ST treatments. The grain yields of early rice and late rice in ST treatment were significantly higher than those in MT treatment by 1 506.7 and 1 444.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively. It was demonstrated that protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in rice leaves, grain yield in early rice and late rice were all better under seedling throwing condition than those under hand transplanting and machine transplanting conditions.

Key words: rice, transplanting method, physiological and biochemical characteristics, protective enzyme, grain yield

摘要： 为探明南方双季稻区不同栽插方式对水稻生理特性和产量的影响，根据早稻和晚稻的育苗移栽方式设置双季稻抛栽、手插和机插3种栽插处理，对3种栽插方式下双季稻的叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性和产量进行研究和分析。结果表明，在早、晚稻各主要生育时期，抛栽和手插处理均有利于提高水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性，降低叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量。各处理水稻叶片SPAD值和净光合速率大小均表现为抛栽＞手插＞机插，叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率大小表现为分别手插＞抛栽＞机插和机插＞手插＞抛栽。各处理间水稻千粒重均无显著性差异；早稻和晚稻产量均以抛栽处理最高，分别较机插处理增加1 506.7和1 444.5 kg·hm^-2。因此，抛栽处理有利于提高双季稻植株叶片保护性酶活性和光合特性，改善产量构成因素，从而获得较高的水稻产量。

关键词: 水稻, 栽插方式, 生理生化特性, 保护性酶, 产量