Table of Content

15 December 2020, Volume 22 Issue 12

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Overview and Prospects of China Economic Seaweed Cultivation Technology

LIU Fuli1, NIU Jianfeng2, SUI Zhenghong3, SHAN Tifeng2, WANG Tiegan4, TANG Xianming5, LIANG Zhourui1, PANG Shaojun2*

2020, 22(12):  1-9.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0795

Asbtract ( )   PDF (4555KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

China is a large seaweed production and consumption country in the world. At present, farmed seaweed species in China mainly include Saccharina spp., Pyropia spp., Gracilaria spp. and Undaria pinnatifida. There are also small-scale cultivated species, Sargassum spp., Eucheuma spp., Kappaphycus spp., Gelidium spp., Ulva spp. and Caulerpa spp.. There are three types of seaweed farming model including shallow sea farming, intertidal farming and land-based farming. In recent years, under the multiple pressures of global climate change, seawater pollution and coastal engineering, the physical cultivation environment in which these seaweeds are farmed has deteriorated and diseases have occurred rather frequently. In addition, the policy of shallow sea usage in the context of marine ecological civilization construction has changed. This change puts forward new demands and challenges for the seaweed farming industry, calling for updated techniques and models. This paper reviewed the current seaweed cultivation in general in China, summarized the experience, found the deficiency, and proposed new ideas and methods to provide support for the sustainable development of seaweed cultivation industry in the future.

Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles in Rice Under Salt Stress

ZHANG Xiuyan1,2, XU Miaoyun2, ZHENG Hongyan2, ZOU Junjie2, ZHANG Xiaoyu1*, WANG Lei2*

2020, 22(12):  10-19.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0287

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3066KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

miRNA is a kind of non-coding small RNA which plays an important regulatory role in vivo. miRNA mainly regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and involves in various biological processes such as development and stress tolerance. High-throughput sequencing is one of the most effective methods for the identification of miRNA in plants. The total RNA was extracted from roots, stems and leaves from rice treated with high salt stress. Small RNAs were isolated to construct sRNA libraries. The libraries were sequenced using high-throughput method, and the miRNA expression profiles were analyzed. The results showed that 248 known miRNA from 132 different families were detected in all samples. Totally, 31 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in root, 11 in stem and 9 in leaf, which belonged to 29 miRNA families, targeting 592 functional genes. Five differentially expressed miRNAs, responding stress tolerance, were further analyzed. The results showed that Osa-miR166h and miR166k were up-regulated, and miR169h and miR530 were down-regulated. The miR169 target genes were investigated using qPCR, and three of four target genes were up-regulated with miR169 down-regulation. Above results indicated that miRNA played an important role in plants stress tolerance.

Effects of Different Transplanting Methods on Physiological #br# Characteristics in Leaves and Yield of Rice in Double-cropping #br# Rice Field

XU Yilan, LIU Tangxing, FU Aibin

2020, 22(12):  20-28.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1049

Asbtract ( )   PDF (6093KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics in leaves, and grain yield of early and late rice with different transplanting methods in double-cropping rice systems of southern China, three treatments of seedling throwing (ST), hand transplanting (HT) and machine transplanting (MT) were set up in  field experiment, the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves and grain yield were analyzed in present paper. The results showed that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in rice leaves were both higher in ST and HT treatments than those in MT treatment at main growth stages of early rice and late rice. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and praline (Pro) contents in leaves were both higher in ST and HT treatments than those in MT treatment at main growth stages of early rice and late rice. SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in leaves were both showed as ST＞HT＞MT. And the stomatal conductance (Gs) in rice leaves with different transplanting methods was showed as HT＞ST＞MT at main  growth stages of early rice and late rice. And the transpiration rate (Tr) in rice leaves was showed as MT＞HT＞ST. It was also indicated that there were no significant differences in 1 000-grain weight of rice between MT, HT and ST treatments. The grain yields of early rice and late rice in ST treatment were significantly higher than those in MT treatment by 1 506.7 and 1 444.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively. It was demonstrated that protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in rice leaves, grain yield in early rice and late rice were all better under seedling throwing condition than those under hand transplanting and machine transplanting conditions.


Cloning and Functional Analysis of GhMYB44 Related to Flowering Time in Gossypium hirsutum#br#

DUAN Yihong, YAN Yuanyuan, CHEN Liting, LI Qing, ZHANG Dongmei, SUN Zhengwen, ZHANG Yan, MA Zhiying, WANG Xingfen*

2020, 22(12):  29-38.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0386

Asbtract ( )   PDF (11937KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Flowering is an essential stage of flowering plants for determining the success of propagation. In the previous study, a MYB gene in D03 chromosome related to flowering time was found through genome-wide association study in Gossypium hirsutum. In this study, a MYB gene was cloned from Gossypium hirsutum, and two homologous genes were obtained and their amino acid sequences similarity was as high as 95%, which were named as GhMYB44a and GhMYB44b and  located in D03 and A02 chromosomes, respectively. GhMYB44a was 1 322 bp in length and contained 987 bp open reading frame (ORF). GhMYB44b was 1 313 bp in length with a 984 bp ORF. The theoretical isoelectric points of the two proteins were 8.93 and 9.15, respectively, and the sequence differences in the C-terminal caused significant differences in structure. Both GhMYB44a and GhMYB44b contained two MYB repeat domains and located in the nucleus, suggesting their roles as R2R3 type MYB transcription factors. GhMYB44a and GhMYB44b were expressed ubiquitously with the highest transcripts in the cotton leaves. GhMYB44a responded to PEG stress, and GhMYB44b responded to PEG and salt stresses. Overexpression of GhMYB44a and GhMYB44b promoted early-flowering of Arabidopsis, of which, the early flowering phenotype of 35S:GhMYB44a was more obvious.

Changes of Physiological Response to Drought Stress and Selection of Drought Resistance Indexes in Different Germination Stages of Millet#br#

WANG Zhenhua, LIU Xin*, YU Aili, CHENG Kai, LI Huixia, TIAN Gang, WANG Yuwen,CHEN Xinxia, ZHANG Peng, LIU Hong

2020, 22(12):  39-49.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0749

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3502KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the effects of drought stress on the germination stage of millet, select new drought-resistant millet varieties and indexes related to drought resistance in the germination stage, this paper measured six indicators using 20% PEG-6000 to simulate drought stress of fifteen millet varieties for drought resistance evaluation, and studied the changes of SOD, POD and CAT activities under drought stress  by measuring 15 varieties.  Based on the sprout index of drought resistance, the drought resistance of 15 varieties of millet was divided into three categories: strong, medium and weak. Among them, the three varieties with strong drought resistance were Longgu 10, Changsheng 07 and Jingu 21; the two varieties with weak drought resistance were Jigu 20 and Changsheng 13. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT in millet all increased under drought stress. The SOD activity was the highest in the three varieties with strong drought resistance; and was the lowest in the two varieties with weak drought resistance. The increase of SOD activity was significantly positively correlated with the sprout index of drought resistance, while the increase of POD and CAT activity was not significantly correlated with the sprout index of drought resistance. The results of correlation analysis  showed that vigor index of drought resistance, relative germination rate, relative germination vigor and sprout index of drought resistance were significantly positively correlated. There was no significant correlation between the relative plumule length and sprout index of drought resistance; and there was no significant correlation between relative radicle length and sprout index of drought resistance. Among the relevant six drought resistance indicators, the sprout index of drought resistance was used as the standard index for drought resistance of millet. In the remaining indicators, vigor index of drought resistance and relative germination rate could be used as the first indicator of drought resistance identification at millet germination stage; relative germination vigor could be used as the second indicator; relative plumule length and relative radicle length could be used as the reference index.

Construction of a Trichoderma reesei Strain with Low Cellulase Background and Its  Application

LIU Dujuan, HUANG Huoqing*, SU Xiaoyun*

2020, 22(12):  50-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0615

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3882KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The cellulase produced by the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is mainly composed of cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases. When using T. reesei to express a heterologous gene, these enzymes form a high cellulase background. Additionally, their expression used the engery for the cellular transcription, translation, and secretion apparatus. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, specifically assembly of the Cas9/gRNA complex in vitro, was employed to transform T. reesei for disruption of the major cellobiohydrolase gene cbh1. The RNAi technique was used at the same time to silence the major endoglucanase gene eg2. The combined manipulations were expected to construct a low cellulase background T. reesei expression system. By this way, a transformant No. 11(designated SUS6) was obtained with significantly reduced cellulase expression. In this transformant, the expression of cbh1 was completely abolished, while the transcript level of eg2 decreased by 98% compared to that in the parental strain. Using this strain as a host microbe for expressing a heterologous gene NfBgl3A, it was found that the maximal b-glucosidase activities of two representative transformants were 172.4 and 79.3 U·mL^-1, respectively, much higher than 11.6 and 31.9 U·mL^-1 obtained when SUS5  (the parental strain of SUS6) was used as the recipient strain. Therefore, using low cellulase background strain as the host can significantly improve the expression of some heterologous genes.

Deriving the Spectral Characteristic Scale for Heavy Metal Stress Monitoring in Rice Based on Ground Spectral Data#br#

HUANG Zhi1，2, LIU Xiangnan2*, ZHAO Shuang3, ZHANG Xian4

2020, 22(12):  58-67.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0616

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1715KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the sensitivity of hyperspectral remote sensing monitoring to heavy metal stress in rice at different spectral scales based on ASD hyperspectral data under different pollution levels, 450~900 nm of ASD spectral band was selected as the sensitive band of heavy metal stress, and the multi-scale wavelet coefficients generated by DB5 wavelet transform were used to simulate different spectral resolutions. Furthermore, the wavelet fractal dimension and wavelet detail coefficient entropy were determined to identify the turning point of rice spectral characteristic scale，the reliability and accuracy of the identified characteristic scales were verified by constructing stress-related chlorophyll spectral indices MCARI/OSAVI, NDSI_R and Depth. The results indicated that: ① The wavelet information entropy calculated by the detail coefficients of each scale of wavelet decomposition had obvious characteristic turning points of distinguishing stress levels near the 5～7 scale of decomposition. ②The statistical analysis of wavelet fractal dimension indicated that the  scale 5  was the most obvious turning point of the spectral curve scale of rice under different scales of heavy metal stress and reconstruction. At scale 5, the peak and valley details of the spectral curve were better reflected. ③ The study of the spectral characteristics of heavy metal pollution in rice not only retained the main characteristic information of spectral information, but also minimized the amount of spectral data, which improved the efficiency of monitoring heavy metal pollution in rice,and provided a new means for environmental monitoring.

Regulation Mechanisms of Lodging Resistance in Rapeseed Based on Stems Biomechanical Properties

LI Baojun1, REN Yilin1*, LI Meng1, CHEN Dianzhen1, OUYANG Jiale1, KUAI Jie2, ZHOU Guangsheng2

2020, 22(12):  68-76.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0022

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2594KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to evaluate the  lodging resistance of rapeseed stems with biomechanical methods, and provide guidance for anti-lodging cultivation of rape，Huaza 62 and Jinyouza 158 were used to investigate elastic modulus (EM), bending strength (BS), and shear strength (SS) and their lodging resistance under different cultivation factors, the influence of cultivation factors on the mechanical properties of rapeseed stem and its correlation with lodging resistance were analyzed. The results showed as follows: lodging resistance of rapeseed was negatively correlated with EM, BS, and SS; with the delay of sowing date, EM, BS and SS were reduced by 15.31%, 29.16% and 13.88%, respectively, while stem lodging resistant index (CLRI) was increased by 32.18%；EM, BS and SS were increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of sowing density, while CLRI was decreased first and then increased. With the nitrogen fertilizer rate increased, EM, BS and SS were gradually decline, while CLRI rising. EM, BS and SS of 360 kg·hm^-2 were reduced by 39.43%, 19.40% and 16.63%, respectively, compared to treatment of 120 kg·hm^-2, CLRI was increased by 16.36%. In conclusion, the mechanical strength characteristics and the lodging resistance of rapeseed could be enhanced with the delay of sowing date, the slight increase of sowing density and the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer rate. This research  provided a theoretical basis for rapeseed cultivation.

Optimum Design and Experiment of Cutter of Chopping Roller of Green Forage Harvester

WEI Tianlu1§, DU Shuang2§, GE Yiyuan2*, JIANG Yongcheng2, WANG Junfa2, LIU Dongxu2

2020, 22(12):  77-87.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0277

Asbtract ( )   PDF (9368KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The cutter design of the chopping roller of the forage harvester directly affects the cutting quality of the straw. It was found that the cutting force was related to the compressive stress of straw through the stress analysis of the contact between the cutter and straw, and the compressive stress was not only related to the physical characteristics of straw, but also related to the inclination angle of the blade. The finite element software ANSYS Workbench was used to simulate and analyze, and it was found when the tool material was 65Mn, the tool thickness was 8 mm and the tip inclination angle was 30°, the equivalent stress of the tool was the minimum. Taking the thickness of straw layer, the inclination angle of cutter and the moisture content of straw as the experimental factors, and the torque value when the cutting device cuts straw as the experimental index, through the orthogonal test and interaction analysis, the primary and secondary relations of the factors on the indexes were determined as follows: A2 > C2 > B2 > A > BC > AC > C > B, when the thickness of straw layer was 7.5 cm, the inclination angle of cutter was 35°, and the moisture content of straw was 35%, the torque value of cutter roller was the smallest. The results of verification tests showed that the better combination of parameters was feasible. This study provided a theoretical and experimental reference for the mechanism research of new cutting tools and anti blocking roll.


Study on Optimization of Puffing Parameters of Floating Aquatic Feed

XI Xiaobo, SUN Fuhua, ZHANG Yifu, SHAN Xiang, ZHANG Qi, JIN Yifu, ZHANG Ruihong*

2020, 22(12):  88-96.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1018

Asbtract ( )   PDF (20613KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to optimize the expansion processing parameters  of floating aquatic fodder, the evaluation indexes of fodder processing quality were calculated by expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption and dissolution rate. The response surface analysis method was used to study the effects of screw speed, output barrel temperature and material moisture content on fodder processing quality. The microscopic morphology of the fodder was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: moderate screw speed, output barrel temperature and low material moisture content were conducive to the formation of a higher fodder expansion degree. The higher screw speed and output barrel temperature were conducive to the formation of a lower fodder bulk density, water absorption and dissolution rate. The optimized expansion parameters for the floating aquatic fodder were 130 r·min^-1 screw speed, 150 ℃ output barrel temperature and 10% material moisture content with 1.223 expansion ratio, 0.398 g·mL^-1 bulk density, 214.803% water absorption and 4.297% dissolution rate. The microscopic surface of the optimized floating aquatic fodder was relatively smooth and round, the melting effect of the material was good, the fodder structure was dense, and the comprehensive quality of the fodder was better.

Resistance Evaluation of Genetically Modified Maize GAB-3 Expressing Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab  Against Four Major Lepidopteran Pests

XU Xiaoli1, JIANG Yuanyuan1, WANG Pengfei2, LAI Yongmin1, CHEN Xiaoyun1, XU Junfeng1*

2020, 22(12):  97-104.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0388

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1479KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to evaluate the resistance of GAB-3 expressing Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab against four lepidopteran insect pests, Mythimna separata (Walker), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), the survival of the larvae of the four insect pests treated with GAB-3 were studied by laboratory bioassays. A field study was also conducted to study the control efficacy of GAB-3 to M. separata and O. furnacalis. The results of laboratory bioassays showed that the whorl leaves of GAB-3 had strong toxicity to M. separata, O. furnacalis, H. armigera and S. frugiperda. The husks, ear tips, cobs, silks, tassels and kernels of GAB-3 showed significantly insecticidal efficacy against O. furnacalis and H. armigera. Damage ratings at whorls and ears in the field trials also showed that GAB-3 was highly resistant to M. separata and O. furnacalis in whorl stage and to O. furnacalis in ear stage. Above results showed that GAB-3 had good potential for commercial application for its significantly high resistance to four major lepidopteran pests of corn.

Application of Bacillus subtilis DNKAS to Control Orobanche aegyptiaca of Processing Tomato

CUI Huaxing1§, WANG Ning2,3§, HOU Min2,3, XU Junfeng1, GUO Wenchao2,3, AN Kang4, CHEN Yanghui4, CUI Weidong2,3*

2020, 22(12):  105-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0932

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2312KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Orobanche aegyptiaca is a root parasitic plant, which has a serious impact on the yield of processed tomatoes. In order to reduce its harm, firstly, through the germ tube growth test in a petri dish, it was determined that Bacillus subtilis DNKAS had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of germ tube of O. aegyptiaca; and by drip irrigation with water in field plot,  the control effect and yield-increasing effect of 8  treatments were  compared, including water (CK), 3 kg·hm^-2 DNKAS bacteria agent (D3), 4.5 kg·hm^-2 DNKAS bacteria agent (D4.5), 6 kg·hm^-2 DNKAS bacteria agent (D6), 9 kg·hm^-2 DNKAS bacteria agent (D9), 12 kg·hm^-2 DNKAS bacteria agent (D12), 7.5 kg·hm^-2 fulvic acid potassium (FA-K), 4.5 kg·hm^-2 DNKAS bacteria agent + 7.5 kg·hm^-2 fulvic acid potassium (D4.5+FA-K). Then, Biolog-ECO microplate detection method was used to analyze the changes of ecological and metabolic diversity of soil microbial community after microbial inoculum application, and to clarify the impact of microbial inoculum on crop and environment. The results showed that under the condition of pure bacteria application, the control effect of D12 treatment was the best, with the control effect  52.33%. The parasitic number and parasitic degree of O. aegyptiaca was the lowest, and the yield of tomato was 133 455 kg·hm^-2, with an increase of 56.48%. The effects of mixed application of potassium fulvate and bacteria agent was obviously superior to that of single application with potassium fulvate, the control effect was improved by 14%, the parasitism degree and parasitism number were decreased by about 10%, and the tomato yield was increased by 14%. The metabolic activity of microorganisms in different treatments was D4.5+FA-K > FA-K > D12> D9. There was no significant difference in the utilization rate of carbon sources among different treatments, but significant difference in Shannon diversity index, which indicated that the biocontrol bacteria DNKAS could increase the richness of soil community, and the application of biocontrol bacteria KNKAS and its combination with fulvic acid could improve the control effect, which was suitable for the control of O. aegyptiaca.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount and Planting Density on Maize Yield, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake and Utilization

CHU Xu1, LI Shuai1, ZHAO Yanan1, YE Youliang1, SUN Xiaomei2, HUANG Yufang1*

2020, 22(12):  115-126.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0271

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1094KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Moderate densification and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate is important to improve maize yield and fertilizer use efficiency. The 2-year field trials from 2015 to 2016 in Yuzhou city in Henan province was conducted, including 2 maize varieties (Weike 702 and Zhongdan 909), 3 N levels (0 kg·hm^-2, N0; 180 kg·hm^-2, N180; 360 kg·hm^-2, N360), 4 plant densities (4.5×104 plant·hm^-2, D45; 6.0×104 plant·hm^-2, D60; 7.5×104 plant·hm^-2, D75; 9.0×104 plant·hm^-2, D90), to study the effects of different plant density and N application rate on maize yield and yield composition, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulation, absorption and utilization efficiency. The results showed that the maize yield increased first and then decreased with the increasing of plant density. The low N application at the same planting density increased maize yield, and the higher the plant density, the greater the increase in yield, with increase rate of 0.49%, 0.73%, 5.38% and 7.81% at D45, D60, D75, D90 plant density, respectively. Under the condition of high plant density, the yield increased by 17.28% under low N application for Weike 702, but no significant difference for Zhongdan 909. In terms of yield composition, with the increase of plant density, spike per unit increased, grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight decreased. The effect of low N application on spike per unit and 1 000-grain weight was small, but the effect on grain number per spike was consistent with the yield. When the plant density increased to D75, the P and K accumulation of maize increased gradually, while the P and K accumulation decreased when the density further increased to D90, with a higher decrease of Weike 702 than Zhongdan 909. Under the same density, the P and K accumulation of maize with low N application increased by 1530% and 17.91% compared with high N treatment. The partial factor productivity and absorption efficiency of P and K increased first and then decreased, while the harvest index and utilization efficiency decreased with the increasing plant density. Under densification conditions (D75 and D95), the partial factor productivity and P harvest index were improved obviously, but the K harvest index and the transport efficiency were decreased. In conclusion, the low N fertilizer application of 180 kg·hm^-2 and plant density of 7.5×104 plant·hm^-2 could improve maize yield, uptake and utilization of P and K.

Effect of Soil Moisture on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Cherry Radish Under Negative Pressure Irrigation

ZHU Guolong, WANG Zhuan, LONG Huaiyu*, ZHANG Renlian, YU Kefan

2020, 22(12):  127-136.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0953

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1478KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the effect of soil water on the growth and water use efficiency (WUE) of cherry radish under negative pressure water supply, pot experiments were conducted to set up three negative pressure irrigation treatments of -5(T1), -9(T2), -14 kPa (T3) and one conventional irrigation (CK) treatment, and the effects of different treatments on soil water content, agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, WUE and other indicators of cherry radish were analyzed. The results showed that: ① During the whole water treatment period, the average soil water contents of CK, T1, T2 and T3 were 12.60%, 12.63%, 10.07% and 8.47%, respectively, of which T1 and T2 were weak time-varying soil moisture, while T3 and CK were medium  time-varying soil moisture. Cumulative irrigation and evapotranspiration during the whole growth period were showed CK>T1>T2>T3, with significant differences among the treatments. ② The plant height, maximum leaf length, root diameter, dry matter content and fresh weight of cherry radish in mature stage all decreased with the decrease of soil water content in treatments T1, T2 and T3. For T1 and CK treatments with basically the same soil water content, the maximum leaf length and root fresh weight of the former one were significantly higher than those of the latter one, but there was no significant difference in plant height, root diameter and dry matter content. ③ SPAD values of cherry radish leaves in different treatments showed no significant difference between treatments. In early growth stage, net photosynthetic rate showed no significant difference between all treatments; but in late growth stage, those of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than CK, those of T3 was significantly lower than CK. ④ After harvest, fresh weight and dry weight of roots in different treatments were showed T1>T2>CK>T3, of which T1 and T2 were significantly higher than T3, root fresh weight of T1 was significantly higher than CK by 36.09%, and T3 was significantly lower than CK by 42.36%. Root-shoot ratio of different treatments had no significant difference, ranging from 0.95 to 1.05. WUEY of yield and WUEB of biomass were showed T2>T1>T3>CK. WUEY and WUEB of T1 and T2 were significantly increased than CK by 43.42%, 5789% and 52.67%, 62.00%, respectively. In summary, soil water content and soil moisture time variability affected the growth and yield formation of cherry radish together. When the average soil water content was basically the same, soil moisture with weak time variability could promote plant growth and development, thus significantly improve the yield and water use efficiency of cherry radish. The present research was of important scientific guiding significance for further clarifying the relationship between soil moisture and crops.


Effects of Straw Fermentation in Furrow Soil on Root Zone Temperature, CO2 Release and Tomato Growth Cultivated by Soil-ridged and Substrate-embedded Cultivation Method

YANG Jiajia1, LIU Yifei1*, LIU Wenke1,2*

2020, 22(12):  137-145.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0403

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3334KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to study the effects of different straw fermentations on root zone temperature and CO₂ release of protected vegetable, and tomato growth, five treatments including rice straw (T1), corn straw (T2), tomato straw (T3) and cowpea straw (T4) fermentation in furrow soil as well as control without straw application (CK) of soil-ridged and substrate-embedded cultivation method in Chinese solar greenhouse tomato were designed in winter. The results showed that, compared with CK, four straw application treatments could improve the temperature and CO₂ release of root zone of  solar greenhouse and promote the growth of tomato. The minimum and maximum temperature of root zone in T3 treatment were increased by 2.42 and 2.03  ℃ compared with CK, respectively; the minimum and maximum of CO₂ release were increased by 276 and 387 mg·m^-3, respectively, compared with CK. The growth of tomato was promoted, which was mainly manifested in the increasing of plant height, stem roughness, leaf number and leaf chlorophyll value of tomato. Therefore, the use of tomato straw as furrow landfill material has a better application prospect in solar greenhouse vegetable production.

Relationship Between Transpiration Rate of Armeniaca sibirica Plantation and Environmental Factors in Loess Hill District

MA Xin, QIN Fucang*, LI Long, GAO Tian, LI Yinghua

2020, 22(12):  146-154.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1055

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2243KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the relationship between transpiration water consumption of Armeniaca sibirica and environmental factors, this paper took the reproducing tree species of Armeniaca sibirica in Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research objects, and measured the transpiration rate of Armeniaca sibirica, and studied the daily dynamic changes of the transpiration rate of Armeniaca sibirica and the environmental factors in combination with the factors such as solar radiation, air temperature, air relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and wind speed. The results showed that: ① The transpiration rate of Armeniaca sibirica showed obvious diurnal variation, and the variation trend presented bimodal curve. The first peak was 148.82 g·h^-1, the second peak was 144.75 g·h^-1, and there was a phenomenon of "noon break". The transpiration rate was higher in the daytime, lower at night and the variation range was relatively gentle. ② The transpiration rate of Armeniaca sibirica was significantly positively correlated with solar radiation, air temperature, VPD, wind speed, and negatively correlated with air relative humidity, and a time lag with the response of environmental factors. ③ The order of the influence of environmental factors on transpiration rate was solar radiation > air temperature > VPD > air relative humidity > wind speed.

Response of the Root Characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides to Stumping in  Sandstone Area of Inner Mongolia

GUO Yuefeng1, QI Wei1,2*, YAO Yunfeng1, XU Yajie1, WANG Xin1

2020, 22(12):  155-162.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0121

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1508KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Aiming at the degradation of ecological function and serious soil erosion in the sandstone area of Inner Mongolia, this paper took Hippophae rhamnoides plantation as the research object, and analyzed the indexes such as root length density(RLD), growth rate(RLDgr), death rate(RLDdr) and the ratio of growth to death (Rgd)of the fine root of Hippophae rhamnoides under the conditions of the stumping group (10 cm) and non-stumping group (CK). The results showed that: ① The fine root amount of the stumping group increased in vertical space compared with CK. The fine roots of Hippophae rhamnoides in the CK were concentrated in the shallow soil layer, but the distribution of the fine roots of the stumping group in the deep soil layer increased significantly, and the distribution of the soil layer between 46 and 100 cm was more than twice that of the CK. On the whole, the growth index of the fine root of Hippophae rhamnoides after the stumping was better than the CK. ② From April to October, the RLD and RLDgr of the fine roots of Hippophae rhamnoides were a single-peak dynamic change, and reached the peak in July to August. The RLDdr of fine roots showed a trend of continuous increase, while the Rgd was contrary to the law of RLDdr. In a word, flat stubble was beneficial to improve the growth of Hippophae rhamnoides, which indirectly reflected that flat stubble was beneficial to renew and rejuvenate Hippophae rhamnoides. The results could provide scientific basis for the regeneration and rejuvenation of Hippophae rhamnoides plantations and regional ecological restoration.


Effects of Different Harvesting Periods on the Quality of Upper Six Tobacco Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco in Central Henan

YANG Mingkun1, LI Jianhua2, LIU Kouzhu1, DUN Songyang2, LI Hongliang2, WANG Dian2, SHI Hongzhi1*

2020, 22(12):  163-171.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0630

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1214KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the suitable mature harvesting characteristics of “upper six leaves” of flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco area of central Henan, and relationship between maturity and tobacco yield and quality, determine the maturity standard that is most conducive to quality improvement, and form a technical specification for mature harvesting of high-quality upper six tobacco leaves. Taking Zhongyan 100 as the experiment material, set different harvesting gradients, described tobacco leaves maturity characteristics and SPAD values in the field, and the economic characteristics, appearance quality, physical properties, chemical composition and sensory smoking quality of roasted tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that: it was advisable to delay harvesting for about 10~11 d. At this time, the roasted tobacco leaves were orange to deep orange, the tobacco leaves were moderately thick, the structure was loose, the maturity was good, the oil was sufficient, the brilliance was strong, the chrominance was deep, and the elasticity was good, the economic benefit were higher, and the sensory quality evaluation was the best. At this time, the characters of maturity in the field is that the color of the leaves veins were basically turned white, the color of the leaves were light yellow, and the mature spots were more. The corresponding SPAD values of the upper three leaves and the lower three leaves in the best harvesting period were 5.4~5.7 and 6.4~6.9. Therefore, upper six tobacco leaves in the tobacco area of central Henan should be delayed by 10~11 d, and high-quality upper tobacco leaves with good yield and quality can be obtained.