Table of Content

15 August 1999, Volume 1 Issue 2

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Formulating the Outline of a National Program of Agricultural Science andTechnology Development, and Enhancing the Revolution ofAgricultural Science and Technology in China

Deng Nan

1999, 1(2):  3-8. 

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China has just finished a period planned economy and food allotment system. A new program for agricultural science and technology development is necessary to satisfy the need of an ever -increasing population in the next century. The tasks and orientation and policy for agriculture science and technology in the next 15 years and priority for the tenth "Five-year Plan" are discussed.

Crop Germplasm Resourccs and Agro-science Revolution

Liu Xu

1999, 1(2):  31-35. 

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Crop germplasm resources are the material basis for human life and the precusor to the origin and astride development of agriculture. Based on the current international and domestic agricultural conditions and the tensions among populations , natural resources , the environment and market demands , the author believes that a sustainable agriculture system is the only way for the sustainable development of human society. Because of population pressure, it is impossible to turn conventional agriculture to sustainable agriculture using classic agricultural strategies, a new scientific revolution is urgently needed. Molecular marker assisted exploitation and utilization of genes responsible for high yield, pest and disease resistance and efficient use of water and fertilizer will play an important role in this revolution, At the same time, the development of intensive and meticulous farming and safe food systems will be essential steps for this revolution. It is predicated that the next h...更多

Collection Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in China

Wang Tianyun Huang Henglu

1999, 1(2):  46-49. 

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Today one in eight species of plants faces extinction. The loss of plant species is fatal to biodiver-sity. Some developed countries, such as the USA, the former USSR and Japan, etc. , have understood the importance of germplasm resources since the beginning of this century. Through long-term and assiduoue collection, they now possess much of the world's germplasm resources. Though Chinese scientists started germplasm collection much later, they have made signifuanr achievements. Since the liberation of China, 350,000 accessions of germplasm resources of many kinds of crops from all over the country have been a-massed through public collection, supplement collection and comprehensive exploration of main crops in key regions. However, some mountainous areas in midwest China and some rural areas populated by minority nationalities have potentially useful resources that urgently need collection, evaluation and utilization. This paper provided some important suggestions for short-term obj...更多

Current Status of World Crop Production and Crop Genetic Resources

Lou Xizhi

1999, 1(2):  50-53. 

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This paper gives a brief introduction to the current status of grain production, genetic diversity, in situ and ex situ conservation, and the study and use of crop germplasm resources worldwide. Problems in training, investment and sharing of benefits related to crop genetic resources are also discussed.

Genetic Improvement of Poplar in China

Zhang Qiwen Su Xiaohua Li Jinhua

1999, 1(2):  54-58. 

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China is replete with rich natural resource of Populus. The work of directional genetic improvement , mainly aimed at developing genetically improved poplar cultivars, used industrial woody plantations and protective stands in China. This paper summarizes the key results of several national key five-year projects undertaken by researchers of the Chinese Academy of Forestry. Significant genetic developments of species of Tacamachaca and Aigeiros described include (1) straregies for genetic improvements of parent materials, (2) collection and evaluation of poplar resources in China, (3) match-crossing of poplar species and relationships between parent and progeny, (4) insights on heterosis and new cultivars obtained by selection and breeding, and (5) results of breeding integrated in biotechnologies such as salt-tolerant somatic mutants of Populus×xiaozhuanica, the molecular linkage map of Populus deltoides Marsh×P.cathayana Rehd. , and associations between quantitative traits and molec...更多

Advances in Plant Heterosis

Wu Minsheng Dai Jingru

1999, 1(2):  59-62. 

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In recent years, our undersranding of the fundamontal biological process of heterosis has been greatly advanced. This paper reviews the mechanism of heterosis, cytoplasmic male sterility, prediction of heterosis and potential uses of heterosis in plant breeding.

Study of Stigma Vitality of Soybean Male Sterile Line W931A

Zhang l-ei Dei ()uhe I-1 Jiekun Huang Zhiplng

1999, 1(2):  63-65. 

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Stigma vitality of the nucleo-cytoplasmic male sterile soybean line W931A and the normal fertility soybean variety 92-40-25 were examined. The stigma fertility of W931A was found to be normal similar to that of 92-40-25. When pollination was postponed, stigma vitality was retained for 2d-2. 5 d. The stigma vitality of flowers at middle-upper position during R2-R3 was most powerful. The percentage of pod setting reached 50%-60% when no more then two pollinated flowers could be controlled at the same node.

Physiological Basis of Cultivation TechniquetoSave Water in High-yielding Winter Wheat Production

Li Jianmin Wang Pu Zhou Dianxi Lan Linwang

1999, 1(2):  66-71. 

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A system for cultivating winter wheat that utilize less water while producing high yields has been developed in five years of research (1991-1996) at the China Agricultural University's Wuqiao Expriment Station at Cangzhou Prefecture in Hebei Province. The principal components of the cultivation system are (1) increasing uptake of water stored in the soil by the limiting and rational distribution of water; (2)regu-lating yield components by agrotechniques such as late-sowing, higher planting rates, increased use of phosphorus fertilizer, adjusted irrigation rates, etc; and (3)increasing photosynthate accumulation and harveat index by limiting irrigation after the stem elongation stage, Compared to traditional high-yielding techniques, this system can save between 750m3 and 1500m3 irrigation water per hectare and increase grain production/ water ratio 1. 2kg/m3 to 1. 5kg/m3.

Effects of Point-daub with 6-BA Ointment on Bud Breaking,Shoot Growth, and the Shaping of Young Apple Trees

Huang Weidong Han Zhenhai Liu Su Xu Xuefeng Li Bao

1999, 1(2):  72-75. 

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Point-daub with 6-BA ointment was systematically applied to 1-or 2-year old apple trees to investigate its effects on bud breaking, shoot growth, and the shaping of apple trees, as well as application techniques. The results showed that point-daub with 6-BA ointment could effectively induce bud breaking, particularly for lateral bud in the year, the response was up to 81 ±5μg 6-BA/Bud. The suitable times for increasing the rates of bud breaking and shooting with the daub in order for the central branch and the base main branch were from the half of May to the half of July. Regardless of the cultivars used , the bud breaking and shooting rates were remarkably increased for horizontal or downside lateral buds on the base main branch. Only slight differences were observed with the daub on the buds for the shoot length, in which 'Red Fuji' or 'Mutsu' had the greater growth than 'Starkrimson' or 'Orin'. From Table 5, it can be seen that point-daub with 6-BA ointment continuously at the pla...

Studies and Manufacture of Biochemically-Humic Acid Fertilizer

Ye Shuiying Yu Xiaonan Zhao Yujuan Yu Jianguo Sun Yingchang Wang Tiezhang

1999, 1(2):  76-77. 

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Biochemically-humic acid fertilizer has been manufactured from natural organic marenals throughtwo biological fermentations.It is extensively used in agriculture, forest, animal husbandry, etc.It is an ef-fective fertilizer, producing green foods and improving the soil.