Table of Content

15 June 1999, Volume 1 Issue 1

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Theories and Practices of Rice Breeding for Super High Yield

Chen Wenfu Xu Zhenjin Zhang Longbu Zhang Wenzhong Yang Shouren

1999, 1(1):  21-25. 

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The history, the present status and the trends of rice breeding for super high yield are summarized systematically and discussed comprehensively in this paper. The authors hold that dwarf breeding resulted in the first breakthrough in grain yield. The second breakthrough was made by means of hybrid rice, in which F1 heterosis was used successfully. The third breakthrough in the future would come from breeding for super high yield, and the methodology would be the combination of ideal plant type with the utilization of physio-logical vigor. Great advances have been made in breeding japonica rice for super high yield during the last decade. Practice has proved that creating new plant type and strong vigor via crossing indica with japonica or crossing geographically distant varieties, then interating the two through optimized combination of favorable characters are the effective ways for developing super rice.

The Genetic base for 651 soybean cultivars releasedduring 1923-1995 in China

Gai Junyi Zhao Tuanjie Cui Zhanglin Qiu Jiaxun

1999, 1(1):  26-31. 

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Abstract The ancestries of 651 soybean cultivars released during 1923-1995 in China among them 330 from Northeast China, 210 from Huanghuaihai valleys and 111 from southern China, were analyzed for their 348 final ancestors. The 348 nuclear families and 214 cytoplasmic families composed of the 651 cultivars were found and grouped. For the whole country, the average used ancestors per each released cultivar before 1960 was 1. 59 and that during 1991-1995 was up to 6. 39, with the over all average during 1923-1995 being 3. 79. The ratios of total nuclear and cytoplasmic ancestors to the number of released cultivars in Northeast China, Huanghuaihai valleys, and southern China were 0. 52 and 0. 25, 0. 71 and 0. 40, and 0. 97 and 0. 54, respectively. A few ancestors contributed their nuclear germplasm to the released, cultivars much more than the others, especially the situation in Northeast China, indicating their special importance in previous breeding plan. The same was also true for the...

New Discovery of Crop Salt-resistance:effect of Salicylic Acid on Salt-resistance in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L. )

Zhang Shigong Gao Jiyin Song Jingzhi

1999, 1(1):  32-35. 

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  Abstract Responses of four genotypes wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ), Chinese spring, Nongda 85021 (salt sensitive genotypes) and Dong 68, Chadianhong(salt resistant genotypes) to salt stress and mitigative effects of salicylic acid on salt stress-induced injuries were studied during the stage of seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that, during the stage of seed germination salicylic acid can markedly increase the germination ratio, germination index, vigor index of wheat. It was also found that in stage of seedling growth salicylic acid can relatively increase the contents of some osmotica, such as free proline and water dis-solved-carbohydrate and so on, promote the activity of membrane protective enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, delay the accumulation of malon dialdehyde, and decrease the leaf relative electronic conductivity and salt stress-induced injuries of plasma membrane. Therefore the injuries of salt stress in wheat were mitigated and salt res...更多

Suggestions on the Restructuring of Grain Production in the Double-rice Areas of Southern China

Chen Yinjun Tang Huajun Yin Changbin

1999, 1(1):  36-39. 

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Abstract Due to early-rice surplus and corn shortage, it is necessary to restructure the gram production. One of the most important advice to restructure the production is what so called "corn substitution": that is to decrease early-rice production and increase corn production in Southern China. However, what is the im-planting impact of the advice, and how do we adjust the grain production? Based on a regional advantageous analysis in resources and market demand, this paper makes some new suggestions and alternative restructur-ing of the grain production in South China.

Application of Root Architecture Analysis to the Study of P Efficiency of Leguminous Crops

Yan Xiaolong Liao Hong Yang Mao

1999, 1(1):  40-43. 

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Abstract Root architecture is great importance to P uptake efficiency of leguminous crops. Some parametersof root architecture, such as root biomass, root length and root surface area, were found to be closely relatedto P uptake efficiency of common bean, soybean and Stylosanthes spp. In this paper, the concept and re-search methodology of root architecture were briefly reviewed in relation to the P uptake efficiency of someleguminous crops. It was suggested that integrated models of root architecture should be developed to pro-vide comprehensive yet realistic indices for effective genetic improvement of P efficlency of the crops.

 

Exploiting the Potentialities of the Soil Nutrient Resources- The effective transform and transfer of the nutrient elements in the soil-crop system

Li Yunzhu Jiang Yicao

1999, 1(1):  44-48. 

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Abstract The problem of exploiting the potentialities of the soil nutrients is discussed in this paper. Theregime of the resources of soil nutrient elements in China is analyzed. The questions and the ways in promoting the effective transform and transfer of the soil nutrient elements in the soil-plant system are expounded.The importance of enhancing the systematic study of the effective transform, transfer, uptake and use effi-ciency of soil nutrients by using the theories and means of thermodynamics and dynamics, and of coordinatingthe relation of supply and uptake (and utilization) of nutrients from two sidessoils and cropsare emphasized.

 

Integrated Control of Corn Borer in North one Generation

Huang Chunyan Gu Chengyu Zhu Chuanying Zhang Zengmin Zhang Yunhua Guo Mei

1999, 1(1):  49-51. 

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Abstract Through analysing the data (1974- 1991 ) of corn borer and the climatic factors in the north onegeneration-Nenjiang region of Heilongjiang provence by using statistical analysis and regression equation, thedecision model for integrated control of corn borer in a nonparticular calamity year was established. By usingin the corn field of 250000 hm2 since 1992,the correct rate of forecast was over 90% and the benefit was re-markable.

Monitoring of Agriculture Ecology Environment by Epigeic Arthropods

Hu dunxiao Wu wenliang Han Chunru

1999, 1(1):  52-56. 

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 Abstract Agricultural environment monitoring by epigeic arthropods was carried from October, 1993 toMarch, 1995 in suburb of Qianjiang city, Hubei province.The results indicate:a ) Frequency of surveying epigeic arthropods by pitfall should be six time per year (from April toSeptember )b )Key arthropods surveyed could be selected by factor analysls methods.c)Mosaic of diversity landscape elements in an area is an effective way for preserving more beneficlal arthro-pods and glving full play of self-control ability of agricultural ecology system.

Study on Coordinate Technology of Seed Coating,Bunch Planting by Machine and Fertilizing in Deep Sides of Roots in Rice Production

Liu Xili Mu Kangguo Wu Xuehong Zhang Huiping Zhao Donghao

1999, 1(1):  57-60. 

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Abstract A new technical practice combined by seed coating,bunch planting by machine and fertillzing indeep sides of roots was studied in rice production. The results indicated that the technical practice increasethe technologlcal value of seed, anti-disease ability of seedling, and nutrient efficlency. Emergency rate, thesurvlval ratio, and the quality of seedling also be higher than the contrast, and the tillering rate, seed setpropagation coefficient, and thousand kernal weight were raised too. Growing period was lessened by meansof this coordinate practice, and its yield increased at the level of 13. 2%, 10. 3%,and 8. 9 % than noncoatedtogether with routinely fertilizing treatment, and noncoated combining with fertilize in deep side treatment,and coated with routinely fertilizing treatment, respectively.

 

Studies on the isoflavonic phytoestrogens controlling Animal Endocrine Function and Performance

Han Zhengkang

1999, 1(1):  61-65. 

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Abstract This paper reviews the research works concerning the effects of isoflavonoids (formononetin anddaidzein) on the performance of swlne and rat and the mechanism involved, carried out in our laboratory. Ra-dioimmunoassy of formononetin has established; The results of radioreceptor assay indicated that isoflavonicphytoestrogen is competitively binding to the cytosal estradiol receptor in mammary gland, pituitary and hy-pothalamus in animals, and exhibiting weak estrogenic effect and inducing increased levels of plasma pro-lactin, growth hormone and IGF-1, therefore, promoting development of mammary gland and milk produc-tion; elevating the blood testosterone concentration of male animals; accelerating fetal and neonatal animalgrowth; improving the function of humoral and cell lmmunity, enhancing the specific immune reaction ofpregnant sows and piglets. Inhibiting the LH release in female. Isoflavonoid also directly affects the rumenmetabolism.

Expression of Microneme Gene mic2-7h in E. Coli

Jiang Jianlin Jiang Jinshu

1999, 1(1):  67-70. 

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 Abstract This paper report that mic2-7h gene was expressed in E. Coli. Fragment mic2-7h was excisedwith Aat Ⅱ and Not Ⅰ endonuclease from pmic2-7h, and in order to correct reading frame ,5' of mic2-7h wastreat with S1 endonuclease. Fragment of mic2-7h insert into Nhe Ⅰ site of pET28a (+),and then expressionvector pET28-mic2-7h was constructed. SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that the bacteria containing the pET-mic2-7h plasmid produce a recombinent protein of 45kD as it was induced by IPTG. Western blotting indicat-ed that reconbinant protein could react with rabbit against EtMIC-2. Property of SDS-PAGE and antigen-an-tobody reaction indicated that MIC2-7h may be a protein isoform of EtMIC-2.

Statistical Monitoring Method for Pesticides and Harmful Substances

Han Huaqiong Li Weige

1999, 1(1):  71-73. 

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 Abstrac A statistical monitoring method has been developedfor accurate, safety surveillance methods of γ-BHC resideueor harmful substances in foods or feeds. It is very importantfor safety monitoring and arbitrament inspections. This paperintroduces a calculation formula by a six-point calibrationmethod and an example for detection of Y-BHC in corn.The method can guarantee the accuracy of the results,and it does very substantially reduce the probability of an er-ror by one-point calibration.

 

Monitoring and Assesment of Mercury Pollution in the Vicinity of a Clinical Thermometer Factory

Pi Guangjie Lu Zhaohui Xu Ye

1999, 1(1):  77-80. 

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Abstract Mercury pollution of atmospher, soil and horticultural plants in the vicinity of a clinical ther-mometer factory was investigated. The results showed that mercury pollution of atmospher and soil de-creased with the extension of distance from the contaminative sourece. The relative formula between air pol-lution and distance was Y= 0. 1076 - 0. 0015 ln X. The relative formula between soil pollution and distancewas Y= 14456. 3319. X-1.9103. It was found that mercury contents of soils for horticultural use were 6 timeshigher than that for agricultural use. Suggestion about tree planting around a mercury polluted zone was alsopresented in the thesis.