Table of Content

15 June 2018, Volume 20 Issue 6

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Identification of Potassium Efficiency in Wheat and Screening of Germplasms with High Potassium Use Efficiency

YUAN Yuanyuan1, CHANG Fang2, CAO Xiaohui1, ZHANG Yibo1, ZHANG Rongting1, LI Sishen3*

2018, 20(6):  1-10.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0450

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In order to fastly screen wheat varieties with high potassium efficiency, this paper conducted comprehensive identification on 11 yield and 9 potassium efficiency related traits of 110 wheat varieties/lines by field nutrient pool cultivation experiment under normal (NK) and low potassium (LK)  treatments, with Jimai 22 as the contrast; and screened out available germplasms with superior potassium efficiency and high yield. The results showed that compared with normal potassium treatment, LK treatment could reduce wheat yield and potassium uptake efficiency (KupE), but increase significantly the potassium efficiency. The related analysis discovered that there was significant positive relation between the ear length, fertile spikelet number per spike and kernels number per spike with potassium uptake efficiency（P＜0.01）, but there was significant negtive relaition with potassium utilization efficiency（P＜0.05）. These could be initial and fast evaluation indexes. Compared with the contrast, Hanxuan H28 and Pin 3483 with high potassium utilization efficiency under NK treatment were selected. Their grain weights per plant were 17.12% and 10.67% higher than that of the contrast, respectively; and above ground section K utilization efficiencies were 27.27% and 9.09% higher than that of the contrast, respectively. Under LK treatment, 5 germplasms with high potassium utilization efficiency were screened out. Among them, the grain weights per plant of Hanxuan H27 and Luohan 9 were 18.48% and 14.36% higher than that of the contrast, respectively; the potassium utilization efficiencies per plant of Hanxuan H27 and Luohan 9 were 14.29% and 21.43% higher than that of the contrast, respectively.

Cloning and Characterization of 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate Cycloligase from Maize

CHEN Maoran, LIANG Qiuju, ZHANG Chunyi*

2018, 20(6):  11-18.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0186

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Folates, including tetrahydrofolate and its kinds of derivatives, belong to water soluble B family (B9). As key co-factors in one-carbon transfer reactions, folates take parts in several metabolic pathways in almost all organisms. 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cycloligase (5FCL) was reported to catalyze the storage form of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) into active folate forms. Here, maize 5FCL was cloned and characterized. Zm5FCL contained a conserved 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase superfamily domain and had high sequence consistency with its homologues. The in-vitro enzymatic assay of recombinant Zm5FCL protein expressed in Escherichia coli cells showed that Zm5FCL had conserved function of converting 5-CHO-THF into 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH=THF), and over-expression analysis of Zm5FCL in Arabidopsis 5fcl mutant demonstrated that Zm5FCL could convert 5-CHO-THF into 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH=THF), and then 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF). These results suggested that Zm5FCL was involved in folate metabolism,which was presumed that Zm5FCL played important roles in maize folate metabolism.

Research of Seed Germination Ability and Physiological Change of Peanut Under Different Storage Method

ZHANG Jun1, LIU Juan1, ZANG Xiuwang1, HAO Xi1, TANG Fengshou1*, DONG Wenzhao1, ZHANG Zhongxin1, MIAO Lijuan1, SONG Xinli2

2018, 20(6):  19-27.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0429

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In order to understand the rules of peanut seed germination under different storage conditions, evaluate different storage conditions and provide theoretical basis for peanut seed storage condition and physiological and biochemical mechanisms of seed germination, this paper took big fruit (Yuhua 9326) and small fruit (Yuanza 9102) as materials and storaged them by 3 methods: vacuum, low-temperature and indoor-temperature for 1 year. Seeds harvested the same year served as the contrast and the initial water content, weight and volume of the tested seeds were measured. The vigour of seeds were treated by different ways and  physiological and biochemical changes during seed germination were studied. The results indicated that different storage conditions could affect seed germination ability and physilogical property. Compared with the same year seed, different storage methods had affected seed water absorption capacity and reduced seed germination ability by different degrees. The germination potential of seeds harvested in the same year was 23.12%~25%, germination rate was 98.37%~100%, and germination index was 13.93~14.28, showing very strong germination capacity. The germination index of seeds storaged under vacuumed condition for one year was 6.07~6.78. Germination index of seeds storaged under low-temperature condition was 12.14~13.57. Germination index of seeds storaged under indoor temperature was around 1.78. Compared with seeds harvested in the same year, the relative electrolytic leakage of seed leaching agent of under indoor-temperature storage, low-temperature storage and vacuumstorage were increased by 99.18%, 31.50% and 54.78%, respectively. And MDA contents increased by 36.22%, 81.94% and 169.02%, respectively. After storaged by different ways, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein of these 2 varieties  decreased to different degrees. The descend range was the largest under indoor-temperature storage, degreasing by 57.35% and 30.47% in comparison with seeds harvested in the same year. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein had fallen 28.67% and 16.94% under low-temperature storage, but the descend range was relatively smaller. Comparison between different peanut varieties showed that storage-tolerance capacity of small fruit is better than that of big fruit. Different storage ways had influenced the peanut seeds physiological activity and germination capacity by different degrees. Comparison among these 3 ways showed that low-temperature storage had less influence over seed vigour and physiological indexes, demonstrating favorable storage result.

Responses of Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to Drought Stress at Root Extending Stage and Drought Resistances Evaluation

TONG Wenjie1, DENG Xiaopeng1, XIE He1, WANG Feibing2, MA Erdeng1, LI Junying1, JIN Yan1, XU Zhaoli1, SONG Zhenwei3*

2018, 20(6):  28-40.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0850

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Aiming at the situation of frequent drought in late spring and early summer in southwest areas, this paper adopted the method of rain proof drought shed installation and carried out a pool-culture experiment with same irrigation quota but different irrigation times, taking Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda) with strong drought resistance and Yunyan 87 (Yun 87) with weak drought resistance as materials. The paper also analyzed the effects of different drought stress on tobacco characteristics, such as expression of drought resistant gene, physiological-biochemical traits of drought resistance, pigment content of tobacco leaf, photosynthetic of tobacco leaf, etc.. The results showed that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, chlorophyll a/b, carotenoid, leaf water content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate tended to decrease under drought stress. And intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, proline, superoxide dismutase activity, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde content, and relative expressions of NtSOD, NtPOD, NtCAT, NtP5CS, NtLEA5, NtNCED1 tended to increase under drought stress. Membrane lipids of chloroplast was effected and photosynthetic pigment content of tobacco leaf was decreased under drought stress at root extending stage, which lead to net photosynthetic rate decreased by non-stomatal factors. The effects of drought stress on tobacco growth and development at root extending stage were mitigated by osmotic adjustment and free oxygen removal. The relative expressions of NtP5CS, NtLEA5, NtNCED1, which regulated ABA and proline, were up-regulated under drought stress by raising proline content in tobacco leaf, and decreasing vacuole osmotic potential and leaf water loss. Meanwhile, the relative expressions of NtP5CS, NtLEA5, NtNCED1 were up-regulated under drought stress by strengthening activities of antioxidant enzymes, and removing free oxygen produced by drought stress. Three major components were obtained by principal component analysis. The cumulative contribution rate reached 91.3%, of which proline, superoxide dismutase activity, soluble sugar, NtSOD, NtPOD, NtCAT, NtP5CS and NtLEA5 were divided into the first major component; chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid were divided into the second major component; Net photosynthetic rate and leaf water content were divided into the third major component. The major component of drought resistance in Hongda gained 4.608 score, which was 40.08% higher than that of Yun 87. These indicators could be used as the principal indicators to identify the drought resistance of tobacco at root extending stage when breeding drought-tolerant tobacco varieties. The second major component including photosynthetic pigment index and third major component including net photosynthetic rate and leaf water content could be used as the secondary indicators.

Effect of Low Concentrations of Food-grade Inert Dust on the Development and Reproduction of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)

ZHU Huan1, ZHAO Huiyi2, DAI Renhuai1*, YANG Hong1,3, JIANG Zhaochun4, HE Baoyu1

2018, 20(6):  41-46.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0873

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Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) is the most destructive insect for leguminous crops around the world. Food-grade inert dust is an efficient protective agent to control A. obtectus. Lethal concentrations of food-grade inert dust can cause mortality of A. obtectus. Whereas, the concentrations of inert dust may have differences in different position of the grain by mixing inert dust with the surface of grain in horizontal warehouse. It may cause the stored grain pests to be exposed to different amounts of drug. Therefore, it is of important practical guiding significance to study the effect of low inert dust concentration on the development and reproduction of A. obtectus. This paper studied the changes of its developmental duration, survival rate and fecundity after Phaseolus vulgaris treated with low concentrations of food-grade inert dust. The results showed that when A. obtectus was exposed to LC10, LC20 and LC50 of food-grade inert dust, both the hatchability and larval-pupal survival rates decreased, and there were significant differences on the larval-pupal survival rates compared with the control group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control, the adult longevity was shortened by 7.49 d, 8.74 d and 6.65 d, respectively, and the fecundity of single female was decreased significantly by 14.55 eggs, 11.75 eggs and 15.40 eggs, respectively. The developmental duration of different stages were affected after treating with LC10, LC20 and LC50 of food-grade inert dust. According to the survival rate and fecundity of A. obtectus treated by different concentrations of food-grade inert dust, the life table of fecundity was constructed. For LC10, LC20 and LC50 treatments the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) decreased by 11.11%, 22.22% and 44.44%, respectively, and net reproductive rate (R0) decreased by 25.77%, 37.37% and 69.11%, respectively, whereas the mean generation time (T) and population doubling time (t) were delayed. These results showed that low concentration of food-grade inert dust could suppress the population growth of A.obtectus.

Isolation, Identification and Its Resistant Gene Cloning of a New Glyphosate-resistant Strain

YANG Xiaoyan1, LIU Yajuan2, WU Hong1, WANG Zhongwei1, LEI Kairong1, XIE Shuzhang1*

2018, 20(6):  47-54.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0824

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A 400 mmol/L glyphosate-resistant strain S1536 was isolated from the glyphosate polluted soil. The strain grew well in the medium with glyphosate concentration between 100～400 mmol/L. The optimal pH was 6.0, optimal growth temperature was 30℃, and had resistance to ampicillin. Taking S1536 genomic DNA as a template, this experiment carried out amplification and sequencing and gained 16S rDNA sequence, which registration number was MG519831 in GenBank. Compared with the published nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), S1536 showed 99% homology with Pantoea sp. Multiple sequence comparison between S1536 and the model bacteria of Pantoeasp of 16S rDNA was conducted by ClustalW. This strain showed high identity with Pantoea rodasii, reaching 99.2%, so it was named as Pantoea rodasii S1536. The strain possessed higher glyphosate resistance and good adaptability to temperature and pH. It was a superior glyphosate tolerant strain. aroA sequence resistant to herbicide was obtained through whole genome sequencing and gene annotation, which provided a solid foundation for further identification of gene function and exploitation of the molecular mechanism of high glyphosate resistance of Pantoea rodasii S1536.

Identification of Leaf Disease Grade  Based on Convolutional Neural Network

LIU Jinrong, LIN Jianhui*, LI Tingting

2018, 20(6):  55-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0905

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Ginkgo biloba is a common economic tree in China. Digital identification of Ginkgo biloba diseases can improve the management level of ginkgo plantation industry, and provide possibility of early warning for diseases. Taking Ginkgo biloba ring disease as research objective, this paper carried out automatic identity on the degree of Ginkgo biloba disease by convolutional neural network as a classification algorithm. According to the leaf characteristics of Gingko biloba ring disease, 18-layer convolutional neural network was designed, including 4 feature extraction layers, 4 max-pooling layers and 2 fully connected layers. The experimental results showed that the identification rate of 5 different disease degrees is above 92%. The convolutional neural network designed in this paper was compared with the traditional BP neural network and Alex-Net, and the results showed that convolutional neural network possessed higher accuracy in identifying Ginkgo biloba disease degrees. This conclusion was of certain referential significance for identifying other diseases of Ginkgo biloba or other plant disease.

Study on Die Hole Structure Design and Simulation Optimization of Fruit and Vegetable Skin Residue Granular Molding Machine

TIAN Kunpeng, ZHANG Bin*, LI Xianwang, HUANG Jicheng, SHEN Cheng

2018, 20(6):  62-68.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0466

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In order to fully utilize the fruit and vegetable skin residue, and develop a granular molding machine, this study designed a key component, die hole of the mold roll, for fruit and vegetable skin residue granule molding machine, and carried out analysis on numerical simulation of the molding process for fruit and vegetable slag granules by finite element method. The results showed that the stress was the largest at the junction between taper hole and shaped orifice and fatigue life of the die hole, while the fatigue life and safety factor were the lowest. According to the results of analysis, the structure optimization design of stress fatigue weak spot was carried out. The results showed that every performance index of the optimized die hole was improved significantly. This study provided useful references for designing fruit and vegetable skin residue granular molding machine.

Research Status and Prospect of Integrated Aerobic Fermentation Equipment

FENG Kang1,2, MENG Haibo1,2*, ZHOU Haibin1, SHEN Yujun1,2, WANG Liming2

2018, 20(6):  63-69.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0481

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Aerobic fermentation is one of the effective ways to utilize livestock manure. Large-scale aerobic fermentation treatment project has achieved rapid development in China. The integrated aerobic fermentation equipment is suitable for the utilization of fecal waste treatment in small and medium scale farms. It can not only improve the quality of compost products, but also solve the limitation problem of construction land and reduce construction cost. It is of important significance to promote the utilization of waste from livestock and poultry in China. However, studies on aerobic fermentation equipment in China started relatively late. The levels of standardization, intelligentalization, and industrialization are still low. This paper summarized the research status on key components in domestic and foreign vertical and horizontal integration of aerobic fermentation equipment and turn throwing, aeration, deodorization, etc., and put forward problems existing in aerobic fermentation equipment and research emphasis in the near future. Horizontal aerobic fermentation equipments are mainly used by small and medium-sized farms. The sealed equipment are easy to control oxygen supply and odor emission. Its composting effect is ideal. The vertical aerobic fermentation equipment is widely used in large-scale farms and composting plant. Their processing capacity is huge. But it is not easy to achieve turning throwing and aeration, the compost quality is still waiting to be improved. In the future, the performance of aerobic fermentation equipment should further be  improved to achieve better quality of organic fertilizer and utilization level of agricultural waste from the aspects of intelligent control, flip throwing, high efficiency deodorization, etc..

Distribution and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Central-South of Hunan Province

DUAN Shuhui1,2, ZHOU Zhicheng2, LIU Yongjun2, XIAO Yansong3, CHEN Pengfeng4, FAN Caiyin5, CHEN Shibao6*

2018, 20(6):  80-87.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0691

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Heavy metal pollution has been observed in part of the farmland in Hunan province, threatening not only crops growth, but also human health. In order to better understand the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals and quantitatively analyzing the pollution sources, this paper collected 107 soil samples, 13 fertilizer samples and 31 irrigation water samples in potential contaminated areas in Hunan province, tested the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and analyzed the pollution resources of heavy metles by UNMIX model. Results indicated that the average Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in soil surface of the studying areas were 5.22, 4.58, 1.10 and 1.49 times of their background values, respectively. Among them, the Cd and Pb enrichments were obvious. Comparing to the National Standard GradeⅡ, their points exceeding rate were 69.16%, 5.61%, 3.73% and 6.54%, respectively. Visibly the Cd pollution was extremely severe. However, the Cd content in fertilizer and irrigation water was not in excess of relative limit of National Standard. UNMIX analysis revealed that the soil surface Cd contaminations in Chenzhou and Hengyang regions were mostly derived from industrial activities (the contribution rate were 66.15% and 64.88%, respectively), and the soil Pb pollution was jointly caused by industrial activities (49.10% and 54.28%) and transportation and natural pollution (43.24% and 50.23%). In Changsha region, its soil Cd pollution was mostly caused by agricultural activities (61.50%), while the Pb contamination was on accounts of transportation and natural pollution (94.29%). Generally, the soil surface Zn and Cu pollutions were mainly derived from fertilization and irrigation, etc. agricultural activities. These results provided theoretical basis for preventing and controlling soil heavy metal pollution in typical paddy-upland rotation regions of Hunan Province.

Effect and Evaluation of Municipal Sludge Improved Sand Soil on Rape Growth

LI Yan, SHI Yi, WANG Yuxiang, HE Xuwen*

2018, 20(6):  88-95.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0193

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To solve the problems of poor sandy soil and nutrients deficiency for vegetation growth in Beijing suburbs, this paper conducted pot experiments to investigate the effects of increasing proportion of municipal sludge on rape growth and physical and chemical properties of sandy soil. The growth of rape, contents of nutritional composition and effective concentrations of heavy metals were all measured. The analytic hierarchy process was used to build selective analytic model for improving sandy soil by sludge, and optimal sludge additive amount was determined. The results showed that moderate amount of sludge could effectively improve the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in sandy soil, and was beneficial for the growth, germination rate, plant height and biomass increase rate of rape, which were 10%, 131.55% and 58.84%, respectively. The results of heavy metal risk assessment showed that the soil was at cleaning level, when sludge concentration was below 20%. The evaluation result of analytic model indicated that 3% was the optimal sludge additive amount. These results  provided certain theoretical basis for sludge resource utilization and sandy soil improvement in Beijing suburbs in the future.

Influence of Different Types of Urea on the Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato

GUO Shijia1, DUAN Yu2*, ZHANG Jun2, ZHANG Runsheng1, SHI Youguo3

2018, 20(6):  96-103.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0884

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In order to clarify the best application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and matching effects of controlled release urea with common urea, this paper studied the effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of processing tomato and soil nitrogen content at Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that compared with the non fertilization, after applying nitrogen fertilizer the yield of fruit increased averagely by 99.7% and soluble solids increased by 0.34%~1.34%. The nitrogen utilization rate of applying slow-release urea was even higher. 100% recommended N application in slow-release urea or slow-release urea combined with common urea, the nitrogen utilization rate was 15.2%~20.2% higher than that of single application of urea nitrgen fertilizer. 80% recommended N application by slow-release urea or combined with common urea, the nitrogen utilization rate was 20.3%~21.8% higher than that of single application of urea nitrgen fertilizer. Applying slow-release urea or slow-release urea combined with normal urea could reduce the amount of nitrogen by 20%. By this way, the yield of processing tomato was significantly improved, and utilization rate of fertilizer was also increased. Among all treatments, 100% recommended nitrogen fertilizer taking 60% slow-release as base fertilizer, 20% urea as top application during flowering stage, 20% urea as topdressing during fruit swelling period had the highest yield, best economic benefit, and highest utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. There was no nitrogen residual in 20~40 cm surface soil and no nitrogen leaching loss in 20~40 cm soil.

Effects of Sophora alopecuroides Green Manure on Growth and Nutrient Characteristics of Melon

QI Xiaochen1§, ZHAO Ku1§, YE Zupeng1, WANG Ting2, CHEN Bolang1*

2018, 20(6):  104-112.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0425

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The paper studied the effect of green manure (Sophora alopecuroides) on the dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of trellis-cultivated melon through pot experiment of different green manure application levels. The results showed that the combined fertilization of chemical fertilizer with Sophora alopecuroides green manure could increase the dry matter content of trellis-cultivated melon,  nitrogen and potassium contents in leaf, nitrogen, phosforus and potassium accumulation of the whole plant, fruit longitudinal and travers, and single fruit weight of trellis-cultivated melon, compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer(M0) fertilization only. When the application of green manure was 200~300 g/plant (M2 and M3), the increase of dry matter weight, accumulation of nitrogen and potassium of the total plant was the most significant, and increased than M0 treatment by 20.40%~42.41%, 35.65%~89.58% and 30.86%~62.62%, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and potassium in leaves of trellis-cultivated melon under M2~M4 treatment were significantly higher than that of M0 treatment, increasing 8.22%~75.45% and 2.72%~34.33%, respectively. The highest fruit longitudinal and travers, and single fruit weight were gained by M2 treatment, increasing 32.65%, 23.82% and 48.48%, respectively, compared with M0 treatment. The optimal Sophora alopecuroides green manure applicatuon rate was 200~300 g/plant for trellis-cultivated melon cultivation.

Influence of Potassium on Growth and Ion Uptake of Flue-cured Tobacco in High-boron Soil

TAN Xiaobing1, YANG Huanwen1, XU Zhaoli2, LIN Yunhong3, XIONG Qian3, WANG Ge1*, BAI Yuxiang1, LV Shibao1, CHENG Yadong1, SHI Puyou1

2018, 20(6):  113-121.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0634

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In order to investigate the alleviation effect of potassium fertilizer on high boron toxicity, this paper took K326, a flue-cured tobacco cultivar as material, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of different amounts of potassium on the dry matter, economic benefit and content of boron(B), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of flue-cured tobacco in high-boron soil. The results showed that high-boron soil significantly increased B content in different parts of tobacco plant, and significantly reduced total N, total P, total K content, dry matter and economic benefit. Potassium significantly increased tobaocco’s dry matter and economic benefit, inhibited the uptake of B and promoted the uptake of N, P, K under high-boron soil. Meanwhile, there was a certain correlation between B, N, P and K in the tobacco plant. K and B had a significant negative correlation and significant positive correlation between N, P and K. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum potassium application rates was 420 kg/hm2 in high-boron soil.

Effects of Curing Methods on the Variable of Main Nitrogen Compounds in Yellow Sun-Cured Tobacco

SUN Shuang1, ZHAO Bingfei1, FU Yunpeng1*, HOU Zhenwu2, FU Quanshan2, HUANG Yongcheng3

2018, 20(6):  122-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0527

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In order to improve the quality and safety of yellow sun-cured tobacco, and grasp the change rule of nitrogen metabolism comprehensively and systematically in the curing process, this paper studied the effects of different curing methods on nitrogen compounds in yellow sun-cured tobacco during curing stage. The results showed that the total nitrogen content declined 9 d ahead of curing process, then slightly increased, but there were not many changes. Soluble protein was degraded mainly during the prophase and metaphase of the curing. The content of free amino acid increased first then decreased, and the accumulation speed showed the changing rule of “fast-slow-fast”. The content of alkaloids changed a little during the curing process. The final content of nitrate was lower than that in the beginning of curing. Compared with different curing measures, the treatment of water loss contributed to the full degradation of soluble protein, accumulation of free amino acids and rational transformation of nitrate.


Research on Application Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on Coal Mine Dump of Typical Steppe

SHAN Dan, RONG Hao*, LIU Yanping, XING Ende

2018, 20(6):  129-135.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0405

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Taking open coal mine dump at typical steppe as research objective, this paper studied the effects of different microbial fertilizer application methods (spreading over, furrow dressing) and different application amount (0.12 mL/m2, 0.24 mL/m2, 0.36 mL/m2) on soil nutrient and grass growth. The results indicated that applying microbial fertilizer could increase soil organic matter content, which was significantly higher than that of the contrast field (P<0.05). The soil organic matter content was increased by 1.54 times in A2B3 treatment (furrow dressing + 0.36 mL/m2). After applying microbial fertilizer, the average aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa and Elymus dahuricus were 53.84 g/m and 50.76 g/m, respectively, which were higher than those without fertilization (Medicago sativa 39.40 g/m, Elymus dahuricus 40.04 g/m, respectively). The average aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa and Elymus dahuricus under in furrow dressing methed were all higher than that of the spreading over method. The aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa and Elymus dahuricus reached the highest in the treatment A2B3 (furrow dressing + 0.36 mL/m2) and the dry matter accumulation was also high. Applying microbial fertilizer could increase soil fertility and accelerat vegetation construction, thus play an important role in the process of ecological restoration at open coal mine dump of steppe.

Studies on Stabilization of Phosphorus in Dredged Sediment by Red Mud and Fly  Ash

LIANG Zhen1,2, LIU Zhimei3*

2018, 20(6):  136-141.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0626

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Dredged sediment is one of the important measures to solve the problem of eutrophication. How to effectively treat dredged sediment has become a difficult issue to be solved in the present. Land utilization is one of the ways to effectively absorb dredged sediment, which however will cause soil nutrients loss, especially phosphorus loss. Taking red mud and fly ash as raw materials and using them for phosphorus stabilization, this paper studied the character of dredged sediment, effect of mixing solid stabilizer on pH of dredged sediment, and effect of stabilization time and dosage of solid stabilizer on phosphorus leaching. The results showed that the pH of dredged sediment increased with the stabilizer dosage increasing. The phosphorus leaching decreased with the stabilization time increasing. The phosphorus leaching increased with the increasing of red mud dosage. While, the phosphorus leaching decreased with the increasing dosage of fly ash and mixture of red mud and fly ash. Therefore, the balanced mixture of fly ash and red mud and fly ash can effectively stabilize phosphorus in dredged sediment.

Influence of New-type Fertilizer on Nutrient Accumulation Characteristics of Chinese Cabbage and Yellow Soil Enzyme Activity

ZHANG Meng1, ZHAO Huan1, XIAO Houjun1, WANG Zhengyin2, GOU Jiulan1, QIN Song1*

2018, 20(6):  142-152.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0369

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The new-type fertilizer is used to make the nutrient release characteristics match with the demand of crops. It is one of the important technologies for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer in China. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of 2 new-type fertilizers, including water retaining fertilizer (BSX) and stable slow release fertilizer (WDX) on N, P and K accumulation characteristics, soil enzyme activities and fertilizer recover utilization rate. The results showed that the characteristics of N, P and K in Chinese cabbage were in accord with Logistic equation, it reached significant or extremely significant level among the equation the accumulation of N, P of the BSX and WDX treatment and the accumulation of K. Compared with FHF treatment, the N and K accumulation of BSX and WDX treatment were delayed, and it had a shorter duration of fast-growing stage (△t) and the maximum accumulation rate (Vmax) was obviously improved, indicating the 2 new-type fertilizer could meet the requirements of the “promotion in early stage and stabilization in later stage” of Chinese cabbage, and realize the efficient use of nutrient in short time. The new-type fertilizer significantly reduced the soil phosphatase activity, and the catalase activity of BSX treatment was significantly higher than that of WDX. The REN reached 78.22% in WDX treatment, significantly higher than that of FHF and BSX treatments. But there was no significant differences between REP and REK. The soil urease significantly affected on NPK accumulation, while the soil phosphatase and catalase affected PK and NK, respectively. Therefore, the new-type fertilizers can be applied to planting of Chinese cabbage in Guizhou. Judging from the whole, the effect of stability slow-release fertilizer (WDX) is the best.