Table of Content

15 December 2018, Volume 20 Issue 12

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Research on Chinas Maintance Policy for Marie Capture Fishery Resources in the New Era

LIU Zifei1, SUN Huiwu1, YUE Dongdong2, GENG Rui1, ZHAO Lei1*, PAN Peng1, CAO Kun1

2018, 20(12):  1-8.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0043

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In recent years, marine capture fishery resources have been declining or even exhausted. From 1978-2016, offshore fishery resources have declined by 1.57 times. “No fish in offshore” has become a social focus. This paper studied the urgency of strengthening maintenance policy of offshore fishing fishery resources, current policy and existing problems, and direction and suggestion of maintenance policy in the new era. The results showed that the main reason for continuous decline of offshore fishery resources was that the existing maintenance policy lacking incentive and compatible mechanism for fishing subjects to actively participate in expanding increment and reducing yield. The new era had pointed out the direction for the maintenance policy of offshore fishery resources from the perspective of resource function orientation, implementation of major projects and natural resource supervision system. Future maintenance policy inshore fisheries should reform property right system (exclusive rights granted, incentives to catch body maintenance resources and motivation to prevent damage by outsiders), promote fishermen catch back engineering (ecological compensation, halt in catching, levy taxes for fishermen not catching), fisheries resources nature reserve (reform resources protection regulation system, straighten out the 3 relationships). This study was beneficial for improving the existing maintenance policy; protecting and recovering the offshore fishery resources. Besides, this study provided references for related government bodies when making policy.

Current Situation and Development Trend of Agricultural High-tech Industry——Taking Beijing as an Example

SHEN Hongxia

2018, 20(12):  9-15.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0445

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As the most active and innovative group in the current innovation activities, high-tech enterprises have played a marked leading roles in the implementation of the national strategy of innovation-driven development. Under the background of the rural revitalization strategy, the development of agricultural high-tech industry is of great significance for reforming traditional agriculture, establishing modern agriculture, and improving international competitiveness. Based on the data of the 2016 annual development reports of agricultural high-tech enterprises, this paper analyzed the current development situation of agricultural high-tech enterprises in Beijing, summarized the characteristics of the agricultural high-tech industry, and predicted its development trend. By 2016, there were 488 high-tech agricultural enterprises in Beijing, showing the characteristics of significant industrial clusters, enhanced technological innovation and gradually formed service industry. Some suggestions for strengthening relevant proposals to support the cultivation and development of agricultural high-tech enterprises in Beijing were put forward.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Transcription Factors Gene ZmbHLH4 From Zea mays

WANG Dezhou, MO Xiaoting, ZHANG Xia, XU Miaoyun, ZHANG Lan, ZHAO Jun*, WANG Lei*

2018, 20(12):  16-25.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0189

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The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors have important roles in plant development and abiotic stress response. In this study, one maize transcription factor gene ZmbHLH4 was amplified and cloned by PCR through genome-wide comparative sequence analysis. The result of sub-cellular localization assay and transcriptional activation test demonstrated that ZmbHLH4 was located in nucleus, but absent of transcription activation activity. Over expression of ZmbHLH4 in Arabidopsis could promote seed germination. The transgenic ZmbHLH4 plants of Arabidopsis presented dwarfism, could bolt and bloom early with more branches and leaf blades. The leaf length was shorten, and flower stem was thinner. The pods were crumpled and twisted. The fertility was decreased. All these phenotypes indicated that ZmbHLH4 had important function in regulating plant growth, development and morphogenesis.

Functional Verification and Pathogenesis Analysis of VdTri15 Gene from Verticillium dahliae on Cotton

HAN Song, DUAN Xingpeng, ZHANG Zhidong, ZUO Kaijing*

2018, 20(12):  26-35.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0811

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In order to analyze the function of gene VdTri15 in Verticillium dahliae Kleb, this study deleted VdTri15 gene from Vd991, a virulent and defoliating strain of V. dahliae, by gene replacement strategy based on gene homologous recombination. Taking the virulent defoliating V. dahliae isolate Vd991 as the contrast, this paper compared the differences between deleted mutant and wild type in growth rate, excrine toxin and pathogenicity etc.; and discussed the function of VdTri15 gene in pathogenic process. The results indicated that VdTri15 mutation did not affect germ growth, but could weaken its virulence and change the type of toxins. This implied VdTri15 gene affect V.dahliae by influencing the synthesis of related toxins.

Physiological Achine of Laxogenin C on Increasing the Resistance to Drought Stress of Tobacco Seedlings

DING Danyang, ZHANG Yijie, WANG Kaiyue, LIU Zhihong, LU Yutong, SHAO Huifang*

2018, 20(12):  36-44.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0843

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In order to reveal the physiological mechanism of laxogenin C (LG-C), which has the function of brassinosteroids and improving tobacco drought resistance, this paper took variety Yuyan 10 as material, conducted hydroponic experiment by spraying on leaf surface; and detected the effects of spraying LG-C on membranous peroxide level, osmotic regulation substances content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco seedlings under drought stress. The results showed that drought stress treatment increased the leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content of tobacco seedlings, improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and the content of soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugar, while the photosynthesis was restrained. Spraying exogenous LG-C under drought stress had improved the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and the accumulation of osmotic regulation substances; increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and leaf moisture content; reduced MDA content and relative conductivity. Therefore, LG-C could alleviate the harm of drought stress on tobacco seedlings by accumulating osmotic substances, increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes, removing peroxide, and enhancing photosynthetic ability.

Expression and Immune Functional Analysis of Hexamerin Gene Family in Locusta migratoria (Acridoidea: Oedipodidae)

ZHANG Zao, JIAO Lili, HE Kang, YIN Hong*

2018, 20(12):  45-51.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0230

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Hexamerin is a key functional protein and plays an important role in the growth and development of insects and the immune response. To further analyze the immune function of the hexamerin gene family in Locusta migratoria， qPCR method was adopted to quantitatively analyze the expression of 4 members (L.m.Hx1，L.m.Hx2, L.m.Hx3 and L.m.Hx4) of the hexamerin gene family in different tissues of the adult stages in this paper, and the cuticle and fat body with higher expression levels were selected as materials to conduct E.coli stimulation experiments on adult Locusta migratoria. The results showed that after the bacteria stimulated, the relative expression levels of L.m.Hx1 and L.m.Hx2 showed trends from declining to rising, while the relative expression levels of L.m.Hx3 and L.m.Hx4 showed trends from rising to declining, which indicated that the genes of the hexamerins family had immune function. L.m.Hx1 and L.m.Hx2 showed negative regulation of immune response, L.m.Hx3 and L.m.Hx4 showed positive regulation of immune response, and hexamerin gene family members manifest functional compensation. Above results provided basis for further studying the immune function and mechanism of hexamerin gene family in Locusta migratoria, as well as reference for pest control.

Research Progress in Regulation and Mechanism of Gas Signaling Molecules under Plant Drought Stress

ZHANG Jie, CHEN Biao, MA Xiaohan, GUO Hao, XU Zicheng*

2018, 20(12):  52-58.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0734

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Gas signaling molecule is an important signaling material widely existed in plants. It plays important role in plant growth and development and has significant effect on alleviating plant stress resistance. Starting from the origin of 3 major gas signaling molecules: carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, this paper introduced the research results of gas signal molecules in plant drought resistance; reviewed the mechanism of plant drought resistance induced by gas signal molecules; analyzed the effects of plant in resisting drought stress; and prospected the application of gas signal molecules in plant drought resistance.

Morphological Changes of Maize Plants at Late Grain Filling Stages Based on 3D Point Cloud

YU Zetao1,2, WEN Weiliang1,2, GUO Xinyu1,2*, WANG Yongjian1,2, QIAN Tingting3

2018, 20(12):  59-66.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0829

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Rapid and accurate acquisition of maize 3-dimensional (3D) data is the basis for analyzing maize morphological structure and function. However, there are some problems in situ field data acquisition of individual plant and colony, including poor airflow stability, severe organ cross-screen, high temperature and humidity environment, which are not conducive to continuous instrument operation. Therefore, it is significant to study the morphological changes of destructive maize sampling plants which determe method of acquiring morphological structure data. This study obtained 3D point cloud data of maize plants treated with 2 nitrogen fertilizer at grain-filling stage for different time intervals by laser scanner; and analyzed the morphological changes of all leaves using point cloud data. Results showed that the morphological changes of maize plants were the least within 2 h after sampling from in situ field to the indoor controllable environment, and its morphological structure was the closest to field plants. The above results provided theoretical basis for destructive sampling of maize plants, and also technically supported acquiring data to study maize structure functional models.

Retrieval of Corn Leaf Area Index Using Beer-Lambert Extinction Law

WANG Shuangxi1,2§, SHU Meiyan3§, GU Xiaohe2*, YANG Guijun2, ZHANG Jichao1, HAN Dong4, GUO Wei5

2018, 20(12):  67-73.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0847

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Using remote sensing technology to retrieve a large area of maize leaf area index is of important significance for field fertilizer and water management, growth monitoring and even yield forecasting. In the support of field survey samples, this paper obtained the Landsat-8 multispectral images of maize tasseled during the tasseling stage, introduced Beer-Lambert law, analyzed the extinction coefficient of corn canopy structure by least square method, and constructed a remote sensing inversion model of maize leaf area index. Finally, the cross validation method was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between NDVI and LAI in maize tasseling stage. Based on the Beer-Lambert law, the determination coefficient of maize leaf area index was 0.97. The spatial distribution of LAI was basically consistent with the actual maize growth situation mastered by local agricultural extension department, indicating that using the Beer-Lambert extinction law could effectively reflect the effect of population structure of maize on illumination. Hereby, it was highly feasible to carry out remote sensing retrieval of maize leaf area index.

Prediction Model of SVR Photosynthetic Rate Based on Chemotaxis-Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

WANG Jian, SHI Jing

2018, 20(12):  74-82.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0880

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In order to solve the problem that SVR parameters affected the model performance, this paper put forward a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA) based on chemotactic operation of bacteria foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) to optimize the SVR penalty parameters and kernel parameters. At the same time, in order to achieve fine control of the greenhouse environment, combining with the growth factors of greenhouse crops, this paper established a regression model based on chemotactic-improved particle swarm optimization to predict the photosynthetic rate in greenhouse. Taking greenhouse tomato at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage as examples, this paper carried out experiments and compareison support vector regression (SVR) with support vector regression based on particle swarm optimization(PSO-SVR). The results showed that the determination coefficients of photosynthesis rate and the predicted value of the photosynthesis rate in these 3 growth stages were 0.954 8, 0.985 4 and 0.951 5, respectively, which were closer to 1 than the other two prediction models, indicating the prediction effects of constructed model were better and the proposed algorithm was valid. These results provided theoretical basis for precise controlling and regulating the greenhouse environment according to the needs of crop photosynthesis.

Design and Implementation of Real-time Monitoring System for Cow Estrus Based on Storm

TAN Yi, HE Dongjian*, GUO Yangyang, ZHANG Ziru

2018, 20(12):  83-90.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0787

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The identification of cow estrus is an important part of dairy farm production activities and directly related to the economic benefits of dairy farmers. However, there were many problems in present methods for identifying cow estrus, including low efficiency, poor timeliness and low accuracy. To deal with these problems, this paper designed and implemented a real-time monitoring system for cow estrus on the basis of Storm —— a real-time streaming framework in the field of big data. Firstly, cow symptom parameters were obtained from AfiTag Ⅱ made by Afimilk, and then transmitted to the server through the wireless local area network. Secondly, the symptom parameters were processed by Storm. Finally, the data after processing by Storm were visualized on JavaWeb. Taking 2 h as a single time slice, 6 h as a significant sliding window during estrus period, and cow estrus SVM prediction model was established with the vectors including the number of steps s1, s2, s3, cumulative rest time t1, cumulative lying time b and cumulative standing time t2 of three consecutive time units in significant window of estrus. The testing results showed that the average delay of the system was within 2 s, the average accuracy rate was above 98.9%. The prediction accuracy of cow estrus was 85.71%, and cow estrus cycle was shortened to 6 h. The system provided an effective tool for predicting cow estrus, and also had certain guidence for monitoring other large animals.

Preliminary Research of Nutrition Quality Characteristics and Characterization Indexes of Xinjiang Jun Jujube

WANG Cheng1,2, WU Dongfeng2, HE Weizhong2, WU Wenliang1*

2018, 20(12):  91-98.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0804

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To provide theoretical basis for further deepening the utilization of Jun jujube resources, the preliminary verification of nutrient characteristics and representative characterization indexes of Jun jujube in Xinjiang was performed. In the present study, using Shanxi Jiaocheng Jun jujube as control, 18 nutrition quality indicators of Jun jujube from 11 counties in Xinjiang were analyzed. The nutritional quality characteristics and representative indicators of Xinjiang Jun jujube were analyzed by the four point difference analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the overall distribution of 18 quality indexes of Xinjiang Jun jujube were higher than that of Jiaocheng Jun jujube; among the 18 quality indexes, the values of reducing sugar, fructose, glucose, soluble solid, protein, Zn, Cu, Fe, P, Ca, total sugar and flavonoids were relatively high in the corresponding principal components, which could better reflect the overall variation of the data. The 11 counties could be divided into 4 groups, and each had its own characteristics. The quality indexes of sugar, fructose, glucose, soluble solid, protein, Zn, Cu, Fe, P, Ca, total sugar, flavonoids could be used as representative quality characterization indexes of Xinjiang Jun jujube.

Effect of Carbon Source Conditioner on High Temperature Aerobic Compost Fermentation of Cow Manure

ZHANG Guozhan

2018, 20(12):  99-106.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0415

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This experiment took cow dung as the main raw material, peanut shell (T1), corn stover (T2) and corn shell (T3) as the additives, and supplemented with special em agent for livestock manure decomposing to discuss the different source conditioning agents for high temperature of cow dung, which expected to provide a scientific basis for the scientific utilization of solid waste and the environmental pollution caused by waste. The results showed that the composting temperature, NH+4-N content, pH, EC value and seed germination index (GI) of T1, T2 and T3 were all in accordance with compost maturity requirements. Organic matter content (135.0 g/kg), total nitrogen content (6.7 g/kg), total phosphorus content (5.0 g/kg), and total potassium content (8.1 g/kg) of T2 treatment were significantly (P<0.05) higher than T1 treatment (118.4 g/kg, 5.2 g/kg, 4.6 g/kg, 6.5/kg) and T3 treatment (122.2 g/kg, 4.5 g/kg, 4.4 g/kg, 6.1 g/kg). The time required to drop to room temperature for the T3 treatment was the shortest, which was 32 d, and that for T2 and T1 treatments were 58 d and 48 d, respectively. Considering the composting process, compost product traits, carbon source and cost, it was recommended to use corn husk as the carbon source conditioning agent for high-temperature aerobic composting of cattle manure in actual production.

Influence of No-tillage Plastic and Stubble with Residues on Water Consumption Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Dryland Spring Maize

ZHANG Jianjun, MA Mingsheng, FAN Tinglu, ZHAO Gang, DANG Yi, WANG Lei, LI Shangzhong

2018, 20(12):  107-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0128

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Through field experiments, this paper explored the effects of four cultivation types on water consumption, yield, water effects, grain quality of spring maize in dry croplands, the four cultivation types were: plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting (T1); no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues (T2); open field fertilization and furrow sowing cultivation (T3); control without fertilization, banding sowing cultivation (CK). The results showed that the water storage in the 0~2 m and 0~3 m soil layers before sowing of T2 increased by 26.6 mm, 63.3 mm, 55.4 mm and 27.4 mm, 57.8 mm, 59.4 mm compared with T1, T3 and CK, respectively; the water consumption in 0~2 m soil layers increased by 5.2%, 17.9% and 15.7%, respectively, and it increased with the increase of basic soil moisture content before sowing. The yield and water use efficiency of T1 and T2 were significantly different from that of CK; however, there were no significant differences in productivity and water use efficiency between T1 and T2. The grains per ear and 100 grain weight of the yield component were highest in treatment T1, followed by T2. The total dry matter, the dry matter output ratio and the contribution ratio of maize stem and leaf and the harvest index were performed as T1>T2>T3>CK. The crude protein content of grains was significantly higher than CK, increasing by 23.0% to 27.4%, and the crude fat content was lower than CK, decreasing by 11.7% to 13.9%. The results showed that film mulching, remaining stubble, no-tillage and direct sowing cultivation type could ensure the water demand of corn growth in special rainfall year through the accumulation of moisture during fallow period in dry croplands, and could achieve high yield and high water use efficiency of spring maize in dry croplands, and could prevent and mitigate climatic disasters in the special rainfall year.

Effects of Geography and Climatic Factors on Special Nutrients of Highland Barley in Tibet Plateau

WEI Na, CI Dun, ZHANG Tangwei

2018, 20(12):  115-121.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0861

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In order to investigate the effect of plateau production environment on functional nutritional ingredients of highland barley, this paper analyzed 3 special nutritional ingredients of highland barly from 18 counties, including β-glucan, flavonoids and anthocyanin. The results showed that flavonoids was negative correlated with annual accumulated temperature, and positively correlated with altitude. There was certain threshold for the inhibitory effect of annual rainfall on β-glucan, when the annual rainfall was over 600 mm, β-glucan content would obviously decrease. The β-glucan content was the highest, when altitudes were in the scope of 3 580~3 850 m. Annual rainfall had the greatest influence on anthocyanin content in colored highland barley. The effects of altitude on anthocyanin content in different colored highland barley were different, while the effects of other factors on anthocyanin content were not significant. This study provided theoretical basis for breeding, popularization and processing of barley in Tibet plateau.

Variation of Non-volatile Organic Acid Contents and Sensory Evaluation Among Different Sections of Robust Flavor Style Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf of Henan

LIU Chao, CHEN Wei, YANG Yongfeng, LIU Xiangzhen, WANG Genfa, ZHANG Shuwei, WANG Baolin, JIA Guotao, YAO Qian, YANG Zongcan*

2018, 20(12):  122-129.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0347

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In order to further explore the chemical component basis of cutting and machining the flue-cured tobacco leaf, this paper collected Henan robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves as materials, which were cut into 10 sections (HN-1~HN-10), to study the changes of non-volatile organic acid contents in different cutting zone bits by one-way ANOVA and correlate and regression analysis; and conducted clusterring analysis and sensory evaluation of different sections based on non-volatile organic acid contents. The results indicated that: ① The average total content of non-volatile organic acid at different section were 124.22 mg/g, variation was from 41.70 mg/g to 193.40 mg/g, and average contents of each component showed as malic acid（89.38 mg/g）＞ oxalic acid（18.07 mg/g）＞ citric acid（13.48 mg/g）＞malonic acid（3.13 mg/g）＞ succinic acid（0.17 mg/g）. ② The contents of oxalic acid and malonic acid among different sections had extremely significant differences. ③ The contents of malonic acid and citric acid （HN-1→HN-10）had extremely significant negatively correlation with cutting sections, and oxalic acid was positively correlated with the section location. Its content presented a gradual increase in the number of parabolic changes. The contents of malonic acid and citric acid presented a gradual decrease linear change. ④ The robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaf could be cut into 2 sections, the contents of total non-volatile organic acid at the first section (HN-1~HN-7) were 124.68 mg/g, and that of the second section (HN-8~HN-10) were 123.15 mg/g. ⑤ The score of sensory evaluation showed that the first section（43.19）＞ full leaf（42.08）＞ the second section（41.04）, and the score of the first section was obviously higher than those of the full leaf and second section, indicating the tobacco leaf cut off 3/10 leaf base could replace the high-end material.

Effects of Covering Methods on Soil Hydrothermal Effect and Yield of Jujube Trees Under Bubbled-root Irrigation

HE Zhenjia

2018, 20(12):  130-139.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0503

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In order to explore the effects of different coverages on the soil water and thermal effect, jujube tree yield, and water use efficiency in the loess plateau area under bubbled-root irrigation, a non-full irrigation experiment was conducted at Mizhi Test Station in northern Shaanxi. The results showed that the effect of each covering treatment on average daily temperature was as following: plastic film cover>straw cover>CK. The change rate of heating and cooling by straw mulching was the slowest, and its adjusting ability to soil temperature was the best. The relationship between the average soil water content of each treatment after bubbled-root irrigation was in the order of straw cover (12.06%)>plastic film cover (11.27%)>CK (10.36%). The change of soil water content under straw mulching was more stable, and its water retention capacity was superior than that of film coverage and CK. During the whole growth period of jujube tree, water consumption of CK was the highest, reaching 761.94 mm, while that of straw coverage was the lowest, only 670.24 mm. Compairing with CK, the water consumption intensity of straw mulching and film-covered jujube trees decreased by 0.73 mm/d and 0.65 mm/d, respectively, and the water use efficiency increased by 31.7% and 18.78%, respectively than that of CK. The yield increased by 15.8% and 5.88% than CK, respectively. There were significant differences in yields between these 3 treatments. Straw-covered jujube tree had the best water retention performance, and could greatly increase jujube tree production. So it was the best covering method under this experimental condition. This paper provided theoretical basis and technical support for promoting water-saving and high efficient jujube cover technology under the mountaineous areas conditions of northern Shaanxi and under bubbled-root irrigation.