不同农用酵素的微生物多样性和群落结构

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0525

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析不同农用酵素的微生物多样性和群落组成，利用高通量测序技术，比较分析了5种菌剂（岛本酵素菌等）、8种液态农用酵素（玉米、蓖麻、黄蒿、木麻黄、青蒿、荆条等秸秆为原材料）、7种固态农用酵素（荆条、黄蒿、青蒿、玉米、鬼针草等秸秆为原材料）的细菌和真菌多样性以及其群落组成。结果表明，岛本酵素菌细菌和真菌的OTU数量分别为292和54；在液态农用酵素中，细菌的OTUs数量为61~467，真菌OTU数量为7~44，由于原材料差异，不同酵素的细菌和真菌群落组成差异较大；固态农用酵素具有较多的OTUs（细菌1 015~1 474，真菌58~93），显著高于菌剂和液态农用酵素；其中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroides）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度分别为26.0%~47.5%、9.4%~33.3%、10.7%~28.6%，为细菌群落组成中的优势菌门；真菌群落组成上的优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycetes）。综上所述，微生物群落多样性和组成因剂型和材料的不同存在差异，影响程度为剂型>材料，多样性表现为固态>液态。

关键词: 高通量测序, 农用酵素, 微生物多样性, 群落组成

Abstract:

In order to analyze the microbial diversity and community composition of different agricultural Jiaosu， high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition of 5 microbial agents （Shimamoto， etc.） and 8 liquid agricultural Jiaosu （corn stover， castor stalk， Artemisia scoparia， casuarina needles， Artemisia carvifolia， Brambles and other straw as raw materials） and 7 solid-state agricultural Jiaosu （Brambles， Artemisia carvifolia， Artemisia scoparia， corn stover， ghost needle grass and other straw as raw materials）. The results showed that microbial agents’ bacterial and fungal OTUs were 292 and 54 respectively. The liquid agricultural Jiaosu’s bacterial OTUs ranged from 61 to 467， and fungal OTUs ranged from 7 to 44. With differences in raw materials， the composition of bacterial and fungal communities varied greatly in Jiaosu. The solid agricultural Jiaosu had more OTUs （1 015~1 474 for bacteria and 58~93 for fungi）， which were significantly higher than those for microbial agents and liquid agricultural Jiaosu. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria， Bacteroides and Actinobacteria were 26.0%~47.5%， 9.4%~33.3% and 10.7%~28.6% respectively， which were the dominant bacteria in the bacterial community. The dominant phylum in fungal community was Ascomycetes. In conclusion，the community diversityand abundance were different from dosage forms and materials，which the influence degree showed dosage form>material，and the diversity showed solid>liquid.

Key words: high-throughput sequencing technology, agricultural Jiaosu, microbial diversity, community composition

中图分类号:

S476

范鹤龄, 朱清, 孙雪冰, 张丽, 李长江, 陈萍, 黄小龙, 张荣萍. 不同农用酵素的微生物多样性和群落结构[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 179-189.

Heling FAN, Qing ZHU, Xuebing SUN, Li ZHANG, Changjiang LI, Ping CHEN, Xiaolong HUANG, Rongping ZHANG. Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Different Agricultural Jiaosu[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 179-189.

图/表 11

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菌剂Microbe agent		液态农用酵素Liquid jiaosu		固态农用酵素Solid jiaosu
名称Name	编号Code	名称Name	编号Code	名称Name	编号Code
岛本酵素菌 Shimamoto Jiaosu microbial	B1	玉米秸秆 Corn stalk	L1	荆条茎叶 Brambles	S1
哈茨木霉 Hartz trichoderma viride	B2	蓖麻秸秆 Castor stalk	L2	青蒿+黄蒿 Artemisia carvifolia+Atemisia scoparia	S2
枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	B3	黄蒿茎叶 Artemisia scoparia	L3	玉米秸秆 Corn stalk	S3
牛粪菌 Microbe of cow dung	B4	木麻黄针叶 Casuarina needles	L4	玉米秸秆+青蒿+黄蒿 Corn stalk+Artemisia carvifolia+ Artemisia scoparia	S4
羊粪菌 Microbe of sheep dung	B5	青蒿茎叶 Artemisia carvifolia	L5	玉米秸秆+荆条 Corn stalk+Brambles	S5
		青蒿+黄蒿 Artemisia carvifolia+Artemisia scoparia	L6	玉米秸秆+鬼针草 Corn stalk+ghost needle grass	S6
		青蒿（自然菌） Artemisia carvifolia （natural fermentation）	L7	玉米秸秆+荆条+黄蒿+青蒿 Corn stalk+Brambles+Artemisia carvifolia+Artemisia scoparia	S7
		荆条+玉米秸秆 Brambles+corn stalk	L8

菌剂Microbe agent		液态农用酵素Liquid jiaosu		固态农用酵素Solid jiaosu
名称Name	编号Code	名称Name	编号Code	名称Name	编号Code
岛本酵素菌 Shimamoto Jiaosu microbial	B1	玉米秸秆 Corn stalk	L1	荆条茎叶 Brambles	S1
哈茨木霉 Hartz trichoderma viride	B2	蓖麻秸秆 Castor stalk	L2	青蒿+黄蒿 Artemisia carvifolia+Atemisia scoparia	S2
枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	B3	黄蒿茎叶 Artemisia scoparia	L3	玉米秸秆 Corn stalk	S3
牛粪菌 Microbe of cow dung	B4	木麻黄针叶 Casuarina needles	L4	玉米秸秆+青蒿+黄蒿 Corn stalk+Artemisia carvifolia+ Artemisia scoparia	S4
羊粪菌 Microbe of sheep dung	B5	青蒿茎叶 Artemisia carvifolia	L5	玉米秸秆+荆条 Corn stalk+Brambles	S5
		青蒿+黄蒿 Artemisia carvifolia+Artemisia scoparia	L6	玉米秸秆+鬼针草 Corn stalk+ghost needle grass	S6
		青蒿（自然菌） Artemisia carvifolia （natural fermentation）	L7	玉米秸秆+荆条+黄蒿+青蒿 Corn stalk+Brambles+Artemisia carvifolia+Artemisia scoparia	S7
		荆条+玉米秸秆 Brambles+corn stalk	L8

编号 Code	细菌 Bacteria			真菌 Fungi
编号 Code	序列数 Sequence number	平均长度 Mean length/bp	OTU数量 OTUs	序列数 Sequence number	平均长度 Mean length/bp	OTU数量 OTUs
B1	54 127	448.16	292	50 889	401.78	54
B2	45 339	445.92	235	31 566	401.99	11
B3	59 896	450.85	64	36 785	402.10	41
B4	58 767	434.36	232	65 896	402.63	69
B5	41 921	448.20	264	42 419	402.20	45
L1	44 637	435.25	379	42 501	398.09	44
L2	34 370	449.50	115	41 111	398.00	7
L3	59 808	444.56	102	55 052	398.29	17
L4	49 213	435.07	467	49 736	400.26	30
L5	38 827	449.33	134	34 707	398.04	13
L6	38 648	444.43	61	41 150	398.07	15
L7	40 617	442.87	121	32 573	398.03	11
L8	38 824	444.91	126	35 894	398.08	9
S1	43 249	434.90	1 015	53 247	402.61	61
S2	46 600	436.57	1 033	50 273	402.59	58
S3	51 527	435.70	1 295	57 481	400.93	93
S4	73 188	437.07	1 400	70 842	401.98	85
S5	74 416	438.68	1 378	50 649	401.85	70
S6	54 569	436.93	1 339	46 578	401.40	81
S7	74 735	438.42	1 474	61 107	402.13	84

编号 Code	细菌 Bacteria			真菌 Fungi
编号 Code	序列数 Sequence number	平均长度 Mean length/bp	OTU数量 OTUs	序列数 Sequence number	平均长度 Mean length/bp	OTU数量 OTUs
B1	54 127	448.16	292	50 889	401.78	54
B2	45 339	445.92	235	31 566	401.99	11
B3	59 896	450.85	64	36 785	402.10	41
B4	58 767	434.36	232	65 896	402.63	69
B5	41 921	448.20	264	42 419	402.20	45
L1	44 637	435.25	379	42 501	398.09	44
L2	34 370	449.50	115	41 111	398.00	7
L3	59 808	444.56	102	55 052	398.29	17
L4	49 213	435.07	467	49 736	400.26	30
L5	38 827	449.33	134	34 707	398.04	13
L6	38 648	444.43	61	41 150	398.07	15
L7	40 617	442.87	121	32 573	398.03	11
L8	38 824	444.91	126	35 894	398.08	9
S1	43 249	434.90	1 015	53 247	402.61	61
S2	46 600	436.57	1 033	50 273	402.59	58
S3	51 527	435.70	1 295	57 481	400.93	93
S4	73 188	437.07	1 400	70 842	401.98	85
S5	74 416	438.68	1 378	50 649	401.85	70
S6	54 569	436.93	1 339	46 578	401.40	81
S7	74 735	438.42	1 474	61 107	402.13	84

编号 Number	细菌 Bacteria				真菌 Fungi
编号 Number	Shannon	Simpson	Ace	Chao 1	Shannon	Simpson	Ace	Chao 1
B1	2.40	0.223 3	467	404	1.68	0.275 7	59	56
B2	2.51	0.241 6	239	239	0.09	0.972 1	11	11
B3	0.23	0.927 8	140	102	1.43	0.396 0	43	44
B4	3.41	0.110 7	261	279	1.53	0.451 1	75	73
B5	2.31	0.234 8	493	394	1.67	0.303 3	48	47
L1	3.42	0.059 2	716	583	0.73	0.587 5	48	46
L2	0.88	0.605 1	193	156	0.04	0.989 9	7	7
L3	2.49	0.133 1	305	181	0.91	0.451 4	18	19
L4	4.37	0.055 7	504	520	0.82	0.642 6	35	35
L5	1.93	0.222 4	173	166	0.59	0.671 3	15	13
L6	1.07	0.599 2	99	95	0.43	0.802 7	16	16
L7	2.22	0.279 7	156	159	0.11	0.967 3	12	11
L8	1.21	0.593 3	151	159	0.23	0.919 7	11	10
S1	5.54	0.008 6	1167	1210	1.55	0.344 0	73	72
S2	5.47	0.010 9	1199	1208	1.61	0.314 9	78	75
S3	6.08	0.005 2	1455	1488	2.67	0.115 2	98	100
S4	5.61	0.017 3	1548	1572	2.25	0.163 1	88	87
S5	5.17	0.050 4	1556	1573	2.20	0.158 3	81	90
S6	5.55	0.012 1	1488	1522	2.37	0.146 9	92	92
S7	5.50	0.028 5	1605	1617	2.24	0.178 9	89	88