小白菜镉含量基因型与环境效应研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0883

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确小白菜镉（Cd）含量的差异及基因型、环境的效应，利用AMMI（additive main multiplicative interaction）模型对福建省莆田市6个地点种植的6个小白菜品种的Cd含量进行分析。结果表明，不同品种小白菜在不同试点的Cd含量变异范围较大，小白菜地上部和地下部及试点土壤Cd含量间相关性不显著；基因型、环境及两者间互作效应对小白菜Cd含量存在极显著影响。对于小白菜地上部和地下部Cd含量，环境效应占总效应的比例分别为87.04%和65.97%，基因型与环境间的互作效应次之，基因型效应最小；表明环境差异是引起Cd含量变化的主要原因，选择适宜的种植地点是降低小白菜Cd含量的主要途径，因此为减少小白菜Cd含量，采取地区控制和品种搭配相结合的策略是最为有效的途径。根据Cd含量的表型值、AMMI双标图和稳定性分析结果，品种‘田园青冠’在兴沙村和东大村试点的小白菜地上部Cd含量低且稳定，生产上可优先选择。

关键词: 小白菜, 镉, 基因型, 环境, AMMI模型

Abstract:

To research the differences of the Cd contents in pakchoi， and the effects of genotypes and environments， the AMMI model was utilized to analyze the Cd contents of 6 varieties of pakchoi planted in 6 locations in Putian， Fujian Province. The results suggested that the Cd contents in different varieties planted in different pilot fields varied in a large range. There were no significant correlations among the Cd contents in the aboveground parts， the underground parts and the soil of the pilot fields. However， genotypes， environments and their interactions showed very significant effects on Cd contents of pakchoi. And the environmental effects on Cd contents of the aboveground parts and the underground parts accounted for 84.07% and 65.97%， respectively， which indicated that the environmental effect was the main cause leading to the differences of Cd contents. Thus， the main approach for reducing the Cd content in pakchoi was to choose appropriate planting locations. The interaction effect of genotypes and environments was second， and the effect of genotypes was the least. Under comprehensive consideration， it was most efficient to reduce the Cd content of pakchoi by adopting the strategy of combining region controlling and variety blending. According to the phenotypic value of the Cd content， the AMMI biplot and stability analysis results， the Cd contents of pakchoi ‘Tianyuanqingguan’ in Xingsha and Dongda villages were low and stable， which could be the priority choice in production.

Key words: Pakchoi, cadmium, genotype, environment, AMMI model

中图分类号:

S634.3

郑龙. 小白菜镉含量基因型与环境效应研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(9): 58-65.

Long ZHENG. Research on Effects of Genotypes and Environments on Cd Contents in Pakchoi[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(9): 58-65.

图/表 6

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试验点Experimental site	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	镉含量 Cadmium content/ （mg·kg^-1）	pH	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）
E1	119°04′25.91″E	25°24′24.23″N	0.107 4	5.8	27.9	164	94.2	341
E2	118°57′17.05″E	25°22′06.33″N	0.067 2	6.4	22.4	147	44.1	120
E3	118°39′51.28″E	25°20′19.65″N	0.088 3	5.2	41.8	159	112.2	203
E4	119°01′53.10″E	25°23′08.34″N	0.156 4	6.5	39.4	166	38.4	96
E5	119°03′28.35″E	25°24′11.12″N	0.141 7	6.8	24.6	109	41.2	102
E6	119°14′04.61″E	25°31′32.30″N	0.069 4	6.3	33.8	114	21.5	141

试验点Experimental site	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	镉含量 Cadmium content/ （mg·kg^-1）	pH	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）
E1	119°04′25.91″E	25°24′24.23″N	0.107 4	5.8	27.9	164	94.2	341
E2	118°57′17.05″E	25°22′06.33″N	0.067 2	6.4	22.4	147	44.1	120
E3	118°39′51.28″E	25°20′19.65″N	0.088 3	5.2	41.8	159	112.2	203
E4	119°01′53.10″E	25°23′08.34″N	0.156 4	6.5	39.4	166	38.4	96
E5	119°03′28.35″E	25°24′11.12″N	0.141 7	6.8	24.6	109	41.2	102
E6	119°14′04.61″E	25°31′32.30″N	0.069 4	6.3	33.8	114	21.5	141

部位Part	试验点Experimental site	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5	G6
地上部Aboveground parts	E1	0.007 8	0.012 2	0.009 1	0.014 1	0.007 3	0.016 6
	E2	0.003 7	0.004 1	0.006 0	0.008 4	0.006 6	0.001 7
	E3	0.017 7	0.023 1	0.017 8	0.025 0	0.021 8	0.019 9
	E4	0.017 8	0.017 3	0.013 4	0.017 8	0.016 6	0.013 6
	E5	0.017 8	0.012 0	0.018 6	0.021 9	0.015 9	0.019 0
	E6	0.003 0	0.002 6	0.002 8	0.002 2	0.001 3	0.004 0
	平均Mean	0.011 3	0.011 9	0.011 3	0.014 9	0.011 6	0.012 5
地下部Underground parts	E1	0.089 4	0.052 7	0.057 8	0.057 7	0.105 2	0.043 1
	E2	0.033 6	0.024 1	0.021 9	0.020 9	0.015 8	0.013 3
	E3	0.034 9	0.069 3	0.025 2	0.031 4	0.030 5	0.026 1
	E4	0.029 1	0.034 4	0.036 6	0.029 8	0.028 6	0.034 2
	E5	0.026 4	0.031 0	0.034 3	0.037 3	0.030 0	0.033 8
	E6	0.014 1	0.022 8	0.019 1	0.016 4	0.018 7	0.011 0
	平均Mean	0.037 9	0.039 1	0.032 5	0.032 3	0.038 1	0.026 9

部位Part	试验点Experimental site	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5	G6
地上部Aboveground parts	E1	0.007 8	0.012 2	0.009 1	0.014 1	0.007 3	0.016 6
	E2	0.003 7	0.004 1	0.006 0	0.008 4	0.006 6	0.001 7
	E3	0.017 7	0.023 1	0.017 8	0.025 0	0.021 8	0.019 9
	E4	0.017 8	0.017 3	0.013 4	0.017 8	0.016 6	0.013 6
	E5	0.017 8	0.012 0	0.018 6	0.021 9	0.015 9	0.019 0
	E6	0.003 0	0.002 6	0.002 8	0.002 2	0.001 3	0.004 0
	平均Mean	0.011 3	0.011 9	0.011 3	0.014 9	0.011 6	0.012 5
地下部Underground parts	E1	0.089 4	0.052 7	0.057 8	0.057 7	0.105 2	0.043 1
	E2	0.033 6	0.024 1	0.021 9	0.020 9	0.015 8	0.013 3
	E3	0.034 9	0.069 3	0.025 2	0.031 4	0.030 5	0.026 1
	E4	0.029 1	0.034 4	0.036 6	0.029 8	0.028 6	0.034 2
	E5	0.026 4	0.031 0	0.034 3	0.037 3	0.030 0	0.033 8
	E6	0.014 1	0.022 8	0.019 1	0.016 4	0.018 7	0.011 0
	平均Mean	0.037 9	0.039 1	0.032 5	0.032 3	0.038 1	0.026 9

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	地上部Cd含量 Cd contents in aboveground parts			地下部Cd含量 Cd contents in underground parts
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	F值 F value	P值 P value	平方和 Sum of squares	F值 F value	P值 P value
总变异 Total variation	107	0.005 4	—	—	0.043 2	—	—
基因型Genotype （G）	5	0.000 2	54.657 6	0.000 1	0.002 0	69.149 3	0.000 1
环境Environment （E）	5	0.004 7	1 510.020 3	0.000 1	0.028 5	977.485 3	0.000 1
基因型×环境交互作用 G×E interaction	25	0.000 5	31.808 7	0.000 1	0.012 2	83.739 0	0.000 1
iPCA1	9	0.000 2	3.908 1	0.000 4	0.008 6	27.022 4	0.000 1
iPCA2	7	0.000 2	3.806 6	0.001 4	0.002 8	11.451 2	0.000 1
iPCA3	5	0.000 1	2.403 4	0.045 0	0.000 6	3.434 5	0.007 7
残差 Residual	4	0.000 0	—	—	0.000 1	—	—
误差 Error	72	0.000 0	—	—	0.000 4	—	—