不同种源栝楼种子性状分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确栝楼种子性状变异，为优良种质筛选提供依据，以12个种源栝楼种子为试验材料，测定并分析了栝楼种子性状。结果表明，栝楼种子11个性状在不同种源间存在极显著差异（P<0.01），其中种子千粒重变异系数（28.89%）最大，可作为优良种质资源筛选的重要指标。栝楼种子千粒重与种子宽、种仁宽呈极显著正相关，与种子厚和种仁厚呈显著正相关。聚类分析表明，12个种源栝楼可分为3个类群，其中类群Ⅲ种子千粒重最大，种子个体大，可作为优良种质筛选的群体。主成分分析及综合评价表明，栝楼种源3种子综合性状最优，可作为优良种质开展进一步选育。

关键词: 种源, 栝楼, 种子性状

Abstract:

To clarify the variability of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seed and provide a basis for selection the excellent germplasm， the T.kirilowii seed traits from 12 provenances were measured and analyzed. The results showed that 11 traits of T.kirilowii seed had extremely significant differences among different provenances， among them， the 1 000-grain seed weight variation coefficient （28.89%） of T.kirilowii seed was the largest， which could be used as an important index for selection the excellent germplasm resources of T.kirilowii. The 1 000-grain weight of T.kirilowii seed was very significantly correlated with the seed width and the seed kernel width and was significantly correlated with the seed thickness and the seed kernel thickness. The cluster analysis showed that 12 geographical provenances of T.kirilowii could be divided into 3 groups， among them， the group Ⅲ had the largest 1 000-grain weight and large seed size， which could be used as a group for selecting excellent germplasms. The principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation showed that the provenance 3 of T.kirilowii had the best comprehensive seed traits， which could be used as excellent germplasm for further breeding.

Key words: provenance, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., seed traits

中图分类号:

S567

郑雷, 王化东, 崔丽, 梁雪兰. 不同种源栝楼种子性状分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 88-95.

Lei ZHENG, Huadong WANG, Li CUI, Xuelan LIANG. Analysis on Seed Traits of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Different Provenances[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 88-95.

图/表 7

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种源Provenance	采集地点 Collection location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
1	河南省周口市项城市 Xiangcheng City， Zhoukou City， Henan Province	114°50′49″ E	33°26′52″ N
2	山东省泰安市岱岳区 Daiyue District， Tai'an City， Shandong Province	117°25′35″ E	36°4′53″ N
3	四川省巴中市南江县 Nanjiang County， Bazhong City， Sichuan Province	106°46′54″ E	32°22′13″ N
4	山东省临沂市平邑县 Pingyi County， Linyi City， Shandong Province	117°40′31″ E	35°32′34″ N
5	湖南省怀化市靖州县 Jingzhou County， Huaihua City， Hunan Province	109°41′39″ E	26°34′24″ N
6	湖南省常德市澧县 Li County， Changde City， Hunan Province	111°38′38″ E	29°44′54″ N
7	四川省绵阳市游仙区 Youxian District， Mianyang City， Sichuan Province	104°55′57″ E	31°40′26″ N
8	安徽省滁州市定远县 Dingyuan County， Chuzhou City， Anhui Province	117°40′49″ E	32°31′14″ N
9	河北省保定市博野县 Boye County， Baoding City， Hebei Province	115°26′41″ E	38°25′56″ N
10	河南省南阳市唐家河县 Tangjiahe County， Nanyang City， Henan Province	116°24′48″ E	39°54′39″ N
11	四川省广安市武胜县 Wusheng County， Guangan City， Sichuan Province	106°25′18″ E	30°22′05″ N
12	山东省济南市济阳区 Jiyang District， Jinan City， Shandong Province	117°1′44″ E	37°1′44″ N

种源Provenance	采集地点 Collection location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
1	河南省周口市项城市 Xiangcheng City， Zhoukou City， Henan Province	114°50′49″ E	33°26′52″ N
2	山东省泰安市岱岳区 Daiyue District， Tai'an City， Shandong Province	117°25′35″ E	36°4′53″ N
3	四川省巴中市南江县 Nanjiang County， Bazhong City， Sichuan Province	106°46′54″ E	32°22′13″ N
4	山东省临沂市平邑县 Pingyi County， Linyi City， Shandong Province	117°40′31″ E	35°32′34″ N
5	湖南省怀化市靖州县 Jingzhou County， Huaihua City， Hunan Province	109°41′39″ E	26°34′24″ N
6	湖南省常德市澧县 Li County， Changde City， Hunan Province	111°38′38″ E	29°44′54″ N
7	四川省绵阳市游仙区 Youxian District， Mianyang City， Sichuan Province	104°55′57″ E	31°40′26″ N
8	安徽省滁州市定远县 Dingyuan County， Chuzhou City， Anhui Province	117°40′49″ E	32°31′14″ N
9	河北省保定市博野县 Boye County， Baoding City， Hebei Province	115°26′41″ E	38°25′56″ N
10	河南省南阳市唐家河县 Tangjiahe County， Nanyang City， Henan Province	116°24′48″ E	39°54′39″ N
11	四川省广安市武胜县 Wusheng County， Guangan City， Sichuan Province	106°25′18″ E	30°22′05″ N
12	山东省济南市济阳区 Jiyang District， Jinan City， Shandong Province	117°1′44″ E	37°1′44″ N

种源 Provenance	种子长度 Seed length/ mm	种子宽度 Seed width/ mm	种子厚度 Seed thickness/mm	种子长宽比 Seed aspect ratio	种仁长度 Seed kernel length/mm	种仁宽度 Seed kernel width/mm	种仁厚度 Seed kernel thickness/ mm	种仁长宽比 Seed kernel aspect ratio	种子千粒重 1 000-grain seed weight/g	种仁千粒重 1 000-grain seed kernel weight/g	种仁千粒重/种子千粒重 1 000-grain seed weight/ 1 000-grain seed kernel weight/%
1	13.90±0.76 b	8.71±0.09 e	3.37±0.10 c	1.60±0.07 bc	12.39±0.36 b	6.57±0.18 c	2.18±0.07 c	1.89±0.01 ab	170.86±3.43 d	109.60±2.07 ef	64.37±2.38 ab
2	13.68±1.18 bc	9.30±0.53 cd	3.72±0.15 b	1.47±0.05 cde	1.47±0.05 cde	6.86±0.57 bc	2.15±0.06 cd	1.71±0.13 cd	198.93±4.08 c	116.24±3.23 de	57.31±2.55 cd
3	15.36±0.63 a	10.52±0.22 a	3.89±0.11 b	1.46±0.07 de	1.46±0.07 de	8.00±0.50 a	2.77±0.23 ab	1.68±0.11 cde	290.26±4.34 a	184.72±4.45 a	63.66±0.50 ab
4	12.93±0.75 bc	8.84±0.26 de	3.90±0.07 b	1.46±0.04 de	1.46±0.04 de	6.72±0.12 bc	2.22±0.13 c	1.48±0.02 f	155.92±2.39 e	98.72±3.62 g	62.94±2.46 b
5	12.64±0.54 c	7.49±0.09 g	2.56±0.08 e	1.69±0.08 ab	1.69±0.08 ab	5.89±0.19 d	1.87±0.08 e	1.95±0.04 ab	141.31±4.36 f	77.36±2.72 h	56.04±0.88 cd
6	13.19±0.13 bc	7.48±0.29 g	2.89±0.18 d	1.77±0.06 a	1.77±0.06 a	5.56±0.07 a	1.91±0.12 de	1.88±0.02 ab	139.48±1.89 f	70.99±2.29 h	51.35±0.67 e
7	15.27±0.51 a	8.59±0.04 ef	3.02±0.04 d	1.78±0.07 a	1.78±0.07 a	6.75±0.14 bc	2.09±0.01 cde	1.81±0.05 bc	173.09±3.85 d	103.70±2.93 fg	59.17±0.53 c
8	15.48±0.52 a	9.84±0.31 bc	3.79±0.20 b	1.58±0.10 bcd	1.58±0.10 bcd	7.28±0.27 b	2.79±0.07 ab	1.83±0.17 bc	281.64±4.32 a	157.84±4.48 c	55.56±2.34 d
9	13.91±0.35 b	10.33±0.3 ab	3.86±0.12 b	1.35±0.02 e	1.35±0.02 e	7.96±0.03 a	2.30±0.04 c	1.49±0.02 f	282.26±1.90 a	144.48±3.40 d	50.94±1.28 e
10	13.61±0.48 bc	9.07±0.26 de	3.91±0.03 b	1.50±0.08 cd	1.50±0.08 cd	7.00±0.42 bc	2.60±0.24 b	1.55±0.08 def	247.13±4.07 b	122.63±3.03 d	49.11±1.30 e
11	13.58±0.19 bc	10.13±0.4 ab	4.32±0.06 a	1.34±0.06 e	1.34±0.06 e	7.14±0.13 bc	2.90±0.10 a	1.51±0.04 ef	253.93±2.68 b	142.97±2.99 c	56.04±0.93 cd
12	13.77±0.09 bc	8.07±0.13 fg	3.70±0.08 b	1.71±0.02 ab	1.71±0.02 ab	5.52±0.21 d	2.69±0.09 ab	2.04±0.09 a	149.10±2.60 ef	100.42±3.62 g	67.07±2.65 a
均值Mean	13.95	9.03	3.58	1.56	11.63	6.77	2.37	1.73	206.99	119.14	57.80
变幅Range	12.64～15.48	7.48～10.53	2.56～4.32	1.34～1.78	9.96～13.38	5.52～8.00	1.87～2.90	1.48～2.04	139.48～290.26	70.99～184.72	49.11～67.07
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	6.76	11.51	14.33	9.74	9.10	11.96	15.16	11.03	28.89	27.94	10.00
方差值Variance value	5.072^**	27.053^**	37.995^**	10.875^**	24.069^**	15.940^**	17.298^**	11.157^**	3 576.14^**	1 108.23^**	33.39^**

种源 Provenance	种子长度 Seed length/ mm	种子宽度 Seed width/ mm	种子厚度 Seed thickness/mm	种子长宽比 Seed aspect ratio	种仁长度 Seed kernel length/mm	种仁宽度 Seed kernel width/mm	种仁厚度 Seed kernel thickness/ mm	种仁长宽比 Seed kernel aspect ratio	种子千粒重 1 000-grain seed weight/g	种仁千粒重 1 000-grain seed kernel weight/g	种仁千粒重/种子千粒重 1 000-grain seed weight/ 1 000-grain seed kernel weight/%
1	13.90±0.76 b	8.71±0.09 e	3.37±0.10 c	1.60±0.07 bc	12.39±0.36 b	6.57±0.18 c	2.18±0.07 c	1.89±0.01 ab	170.86±3.43 d	109.60±2.07 ef	64.37±2.38 ab
2	13.68±1.18 bc	9.30±0.53 cd	3.72±0.15 b	1.47±0.05 cde	1.47±0.05 cde	6.86±0.57 bc	2.15±0.06 cd	1.71±0.13 cd	198.93±4.08 c	116.24±3.23 de	57.31±2.55 cd
3	15.36±0.63 a	10.52±0.22 a	3.89±0.11 b	1.46±0.07 de	1.46±0.07 de	8.00±0.50 a	2.77±0.23 ab	1.68±0.11 cde	290.26±4.34 a	184.72±4.45 a	63.66±0.50 ab
4	12.93±0.75 bc	8.84±0.26 de	3.90±0.07 b	1.46±0.04 de	1.46±0.04 de	6.72±0.12 bc	2.22±0.13 c	1.48±0.02 f	155.92±2.39 e	98.72±3.62 g	62.94±2.46 b
5	12.64±0.54 c	7.49±0.09 g	2.56±0.08 e	1.69±0.08 ab	1.69±0.08 ab	5.89±0.19 d	1.87±0.08 e	1.95±0.04 ab	141.31±4.36 f	77.36±2.72 h	56.04±0.88 cd
6	13.19±0.13 bc	7.48±0.29 g	2.89±0.18 d	1.77±0.06 a	1.77±0.06 a	5.56±0.07 a	1.91±0.12 de	1.88±0.02 ab	139.48±1.89 f	70.99±2.29 h	51.35±0.67 e
7	15.27±0.51 a	8.59±0.04 ef	3.02±0.04 d	1.78±0.07 a	1.78±0.07 a	6.75±0.14 bc	2.09±0.01 cde	1.81±0.05 bc	173.09±3.85 d	103.70±2.93 fg	59.17±0.53 c
8	15.48±0.52 a	9.84±0.31 bc	3.79±0.20 b	1.58±0.10 bcd	1.58±0.10 bcd	7.28±0.27 b	2.79±0.07 ab	1.83±0.17 bc	281.64±4.32 a	157.84±4.48 c	55.56±2.34 d
9	13.91±0.35 b	10.33±0.3 ab	3.86±0.12 b	1.35±0.02 e	1.35±0.02 e	7.96±0.03 a	2.30±0.04 c	1.49±0.02 f	282.26±1.90 a	144.48±3.40 d	50.94±1.28 e
10	13.61±0.48 bc	9.07±0.26 de	3.91±0.03 b	1.50±0.08 cd	1.50±0.08 cd	7.00±0.42 bc	2.60±0.24 b	1.55±0.08 def	247.13±4.07 b	122.63±3.03 d	49.11±1.30 e
11	13.58±0.19 bc	10.13±0.4 ab	4.32±0.06 a	1.34±0.06 e	1.34±0.06 e	7.14±0.13 bc	2.90±0.10 a	1.51±0.04 ef	253.93±2.68 b	142.97±2.99 c	56.04±0.93 cd
12	13.77±0.09 bc	8.07±0.13 fg	3.70±0.08 b	1.71±0.02 ab	1.71±0.02 ab	5.52±0.21 d	2.69±0.09 ab	2.04±0.09 a	149.10±2.60 ef	100.42±3.62 g	67.07±2.65 a
均值Mean	13.95	9.03	3.58	1.56	11.63	6.77	2.37	1.73	206.99	119.14	57.80
变幅Range	12.64～15.48	7.48～10.53	2.56～4.32	1.34～1.78	9.96～13.38	5.52～8.00	1.87～2.90	1.48～2.04	139.48～290.26	70.99～184.72	49.11～67.07
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	6.76	11.51	14.33	9.74	9.10	11.96	15.16	11.03	28.89	27.94	10.00
方差值Variance value	5.072^**	27.053^**	37.995^**	10.875^**	24.069^**	15.940^**	17.298^**	11.157^**	3 576.14^**	1 108.23^**	33.39^**

指标Index	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9	X10	X11
X1	1.000
X2	0.537	1.000
X3	0.209	0.792^**	1.000
X4	0.035	-0.821^**	-0.813^**	1.000
X5	0.832^**	0.463	0.003	0.010	1.000
X6	0.543	0.944^**	0.614^*	-0.755^**	0.506	1.000
X7	0.465	0.670^*	0.809^**	-0.480	0.285	0.464	1.000
X8	0.065	-0.666^*	-0.672^*	0.838^**	0.255	-0.701^*	-0.267	1.000
X9	0.576	0.923^**	0.672^*	-0.694^*	0.530	0.896^**	0.694^*	-0.552	1.000
X10	0.687^*	0.941^**	0.702^*	-0.649^*	0.648^*	0.880^**	0.765^**	-0.440	0.937^**	1.000
X11	0.177	-0.066	0.061	0.168	0.214	-0.169	0.152	0.362	-0.304	0.035	1.000