基于CFD的风送喷雾装置风筒参数优化

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0586

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喷雾装置中风筒的聚风性能对果园风送喷雾机的作业质量具有重要影响，风筒的出口风速和风场的纵向幅宽是决定喷雾装置作业性能的重要因素。对风筒风场进行仿真模拟，设计对标试验确定了仿真模型与计算的可靠性。设计单因素试验和响应面优化试验分析筒壁与轴线的夹角、风筒长度和风机转速对风筒聚风性能的影响。结果表明：风筒长度和风机转速对风速的影响显著，提升风机转速或降低风筒长度有助于提高风速。风筒长度、筒壁与轴线的夹角和风机转速对纵向幅宽影响显著，影响显著的顺序为风筒长度>筒壁与轴线的夹角>风机转速。风筒最佳参数设计组合：风筒长度为540 mm、筒壁与轴线的夹角为3°、风机转速为2 000 r·min^-1，此组合下风送喷雾装置风筒风速为9.21 m·s^-1，风场纵向幅宽为1 627 mm。研究结果可为远射程喷雾机喷雾装置结构优化提供参考。

关键词: 喷雾装置, 风筒, 轴流风机, 风速, 纵向幅宽, 响应面法

Abstract:

The wind filtering performance of air duct in the spray device has an important influence on the operation quality of the orchard air feeder. The outlet wind speed of air duct and the longitudinal width of wind field are the essential indexes to determine the performance of the spray system. The air duct wind field was simulated and the reliability of the simulation model and calculation was confirmed by the benchmarking test. Single factor test and response surface parameter optimization test were constructed to analyze the influence of angle between cylinder wall and axis， cone length and fan speed on wind gathering performance of air duct. The results showed that the wind speed was significantly affected by the length of the fan and the rotational speed of the fan. Increasing the rotational speed of the fan or decreasing the length of the fan was helpful to improve the wind speed. The length of air duct， angle between cylinder wall and axis and fan speed had significant influence on the longitudinal width， and the significant influence order was length of air duct > angle between cylinder wall and axis > fan speed. The optimal design combination of air duct parameters was the length of the air duct was 540 mm， angle between cylinder wall and axis was 3°， and the rotational speed of the fan was 2 000 r·min^-1. Under this combination， the wind speed was 8.98 m·s^-1， and the longitudinal width of the wind field was 1 627 mm. This paper provided references for the structural design of sprayer.

Key words: spraying device, wind duct, axial fan, wind speed, longitudinal width, response surface method

中图分类号:

S224.3

李绍波, 张阔, 王佳, 李建平, 刘树腾. 基于CFD的风送喷雾装置风筒参数优化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(12): 93-102.

Shaobo LI, Kuo ZHANG, Jia WANG, Jianping LI, Shuteng LIU. Optimization of Air Duct Parameters of Air Supply Spray Device Based on CFD[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(12): 93-102.

图/表 15

图1 风筒剖视结构注：1—轴流风机；2—电机；3—扇叶；4—风筒；5—环型喷雾装置；D1—风机直径；D2—风筒进口端面直径；D3—风筒出口端面直径；W1—风机宽度；W2—风筒长度；θ—筒壁与轴线的夹角。

Fig. 1 Air duct cross-sectional structureNote：1—Axial flow fan； 2—Motor； 3—Blade； 4—Ram； 5.—Ring spray device； D1—Fan diameter； D2—Diameter of the air duct inlet end face； D3—End face diameter of air duct outlet； W1—Fan width； W2—Length of air duct； θ—Angle between cylinder wall and axis.

图2 风筒三维空间模型注：1—计算域；2—风机旋转域；3—风筒；4—果树模型；W—计算域宽度；L—计算域长度；H1—计算域高度；L1—风筒出风口距计算域左侧边界的距离；L2—风筒风筒出口距果树的距离；H2—风机轴线与计算域地面的距离。

Fig. 2 Three-dimensional model of air ductNote：1—Computing domain； 2—Rotation domain； 3—Ram； 4—Fruit tree model； W—Width of the computational domain； L—Length of the computational domain； H1—Height of computing domain； L1—Distance between the air duct outlet and the left boundary of the computing domain； L2—Distance between the outlet of air duct and the fruit tree； H2—Distance between the fan axis and the ground of the computing domain.

图3 风筒出口截面

Fig. 3 Duct outlet section

图4 气流纵向幅宽

Fig. 4 Airflow longitudinal width

表1 聚风性能试验因素水平

Table 1 Factor level wind gathering test

水平 Level	因素 Factor
水平 Level	A：筒壁与轴线的夹角Angle between cylinder wall and axis/（°）	B：风筒长度Air duct length/mm	C：风机转速Fan speed/ （r·min^-1）
-1	3	400	1 500
0	4	500	2 000
1	5	600	2 500

图5 风筒风速标定曲线

Fig. 5 Calibration curve of air duct wind speed

图6 筒壁与轴线的夹角对聚风性能的影响

Fig. 6 Influence of duct taper on wind gathering performance

图7 不同风筒长度下纵向幅宽和风速变化

Fig. 7 Change of longitudinal and wind speed under different duct length

图8 风筒长度100、200和300 mm的风速切面云图注：颜色越深表示风速越大，圆圈区域是气流没有扰动的区域。

Fig. 8 Section cloud images of wind speed with duct lengths of 100， 200 and 300 mmNote：The darker the color， the higher the wind speed， and the circular box area is the area where the airflow is not disturbed.

图9 不同风机转速下风速和纵向幅宽的变化

Fig. 9 Change of longitudinal and wind speed under different fan speed

表2 响应面方案及其结果

Table 2 Response surface scheme and results

序号 Number	A	B	C	风速Wind speed/（m·s^-1）	风场纵向幅宽Longitudinal width of wind field /mm
1	-1	-1	0	6.25	1 012.23
2	1	-1	0	6.94	1 205.15
3	-1	1	0	7.38	1 788.48
4	1	1	0	7.17	2 657.45
5	-1	0	-1	5.26	1 245.13
6	1	0	-1	4.54	1 886.49
7	-1	0	1	6.15	1 877.75
8	1	0	1	9.18	2 250.14
9	0	-1	-1	4.57	1 371.13
10	0	1	-1	5.86	2 206.46
11	0	-1	1	5.61	2 017.78
12	0	1	1	9.84	2 747.23
13	0	0	0	9.28	2 286.36
14	0	0	0	9.49	2 150.89
15	0	0	0	8.99	2 135.56
16	0	0	0	10.54	2 058.55
17	0	0	0	8.65	2 350.38

表3 响应面试验结果方差分析

Table 3 Analysis of variance of response surface test

变异来源 Source of variation	风速Wind speed		风场纵向幅宽Longitudinal width of wind field
变异来源 Source of variation	F₁	P₁	F₂	P₂
模型Model	9.08	0.004 1	29.63	<0.000 1
A	1.45	0.268 1	39.91	0.000 4
B	8.54	0.022 3	118.16	<0.000 1
C	20.75	0.002 6	43.70	0.000 3
AB	0.299 2	0.601 4	8.46	0.002 7
AC	5.56	0.049 3	0.388	0.552 9
BC	3.11	0.121 4	0.691	0.433 4
A²	10.88	0.013 1	49.17	0.000 2
B²	7.84	0.026 5	4.45	0.072 8
C²	19.54	0.003 1	0.055	0.821 3
失拟误差 Lack of fit	1.66	0.310 4	0.684	0.606 8

图10 交互作用对风速的影响

Fig. 10 Influence of interaction on wind speed

图11 交互作用对纵向幅宽的影响

Fig. 11 Influence of interaction on longitudinal width

表4 风速和纵向幅宽优化模型预测值与试验值

Table 4 Predicted and tested values of wind speed and longitudinal width optimization mode

试验序号 No.	风速 Wind speed			纵向幅宽 Longitudinal width
试验序号 No.	预测值 Predictive value/（m·s^-1）	试验值 Actual value/ （m·s^-1）	相对误差 Relative error/%	预测值 Predictive value/mm	试验值 Predictive value/mm	相对误差 Relative error/%
1	9.25	8.84	4.63	1 575	1 650	4.55
2		9.37	1.28		1 620	2.78
3		9.15	1.09		1 610	2.17
平均Mean		9.12	—		1 627	—

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