混合盐碱胁迫对骏枣叶片结构和光合荧光特性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0865

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 57-65.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0865

混合盐碱胁迫对骏枣叶片结构和光合荧光特性的影响

闫敏¹^,²(), 王艳², 王程成², 郭松超², 卢登洋¹^,², 吴翠云²()

^1.塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
^2.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院，南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2022-10-12 接受日期:2022-12-05 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-07
通讯作者: 吴翠云
作者简介:闫敏 E-mail：yanmin961106@sina.com；
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团创新创业平台建设项目(2019CB001);兵团十四师农业农村局委托项目(2021011);自治区研究生创新计划项目(XJ2020G270)

Effect of Mixed Saline-alkali Stress on Leaf Structure and Photosynthetic Fluorescence Properties of Jujube

Min YAN¹^,²(), Yan WANG², Chengcheng WANG², Songchao GUO², Dengyang LU¹^,², Cuiyun WU²()

^1.College of Life Science and Technology，Tarim University，Xinjiang Alar 843300，China
^2.National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-efficiency and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Fruit Trees with Special Characteristics in South Xinjiang，College of Horticulture and Forestry，Tarim University，Xinjiang Alar 843300，China

Received:2022-10-12 Accepted:2022-12-05 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-03-07
Contact: Cuiyun WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步探究骏枣对混合盐碱胁迫的生理响应机制，在骏枣盛果期分别设计0、60、120、180、240、300 mmol·L^-1的NaCl和NaHCO₃混合盐溶液来模拟土壤盐碱复合胁迫环境，分析不同胁迫水平下骏枣叶片的显微结构、超微结构及光合、荧光参数的变化。结果表明，在混合盐碱胁迫下，骏枣叶片的厚度、角质层厚度、表皮厚度和栅栏组织厚度均随着胁迫水平的增加呈先上升后下降趋势；海绵组织厚度和细胞结构疏松度呈逐渐下降趋势。在混合盐溶液高于180 mmol·L^-1时，叶绿体内的嗜锇颗粒数量明显增多，且体积变大，基质片层结构松散；同时，随着胁迫水平的增加，叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度与蒸腾速率逐渐降低，胞间CO₂浓度升高，光合限制以非气孔因素为主。在240、300 mmol·L^-1高胁迫水平处理下，叶片初始荧光（F₀）显著升高，而最大荧光（F_m）、F_v/F_m、F_v/F₀显著降低，单位反应中心吸收的光能（ABS/RC）、用于还原Q_A的能量（TR_o/RC）、热耗散的能量（DI_o/RC）均呈先下降后上升趋势，而用于电子传递的能量呈持续下降趋势。综上，较高水平的盐碱胁迫会使骏枣叶片的超微结构发生明显变化，抑制其光合能力，使嗜锇小体增多、变大，并出现淀粉粒。以上结果为深入研究枣的耐盐机制提供了理论基础。

关键词: 混合盐碱胁迫, 枣, 显微结构, 超微结构, 光合日变化, 荧光参数

Abstract:

To further investigate the physiological response mechanisms of jujube to mixed saline-alkali stress， the experiment was conducted to simulate soil salinity stress by different concentrations of NaCl and NaHCO₃at full fruit period of Junzao， including 0， 60， 120， 180， 240 and 300 mmol·L^-1. The changes of microstructure， ultrastructure， photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters of Junzao leaves under different stress levels were analyzed. The results showed that， with the increase of salt concentration， the leaf thickness， cuticle thickness， epidermal thickness and fenestrated tissue thickness of jujube showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing， and the thickness of spongy tissue and cell structure laxity gradually decreased. When salt concentrations was higher than 180 mmol·L^-1， the number of osmiophilic particles in chloroplasts increased significantly， their size became larger， and the structure of stromal lamellae was loosened. Meanwhile， with the increase of stress level， net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance and transpiration rate gradually decreased， intercellular CO₂ concentration increased， which indicated photosynthetic limitation was dominated by non-stomatal factors. Under high level treatments of 240 and 300 mmol·L^-1， F₀ significantly increased， while F_m， F_v/F_m， F_v/F₀ significantly decreased， ABS/RC， TR_o/RC and DI_o/RC showed an overall trend of first decrease and then increase， and ET_o/RC showed a continuous decreasing trend. In conclusion， higher saline-alkali stress could cause significant changes in the ultrastructure of Junzao leaves， inhibite the photosynthetic capacity， increase the size and number of osmiophilic vesicles， and appear the starch grains， which provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of the salt tolerance mechanism of jujube.

Key words: mixed saline-alkali stress, jujube, microstructure, ultrastructure, photosynthetic daily variation, fluorescence parameters

中图分类号:

S665.1

闫敏, 王艳, 王程成, 郭松超, 卢登洋, 吴翠云. 混合盐碱胁迫对骏枣叶片结构和光合荧光特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(3): 57-65.

Min YAN, Yan WANG, Chengcheng WANG, Songchao GUO, Dengyang LU, Cuiyun WU. Effect of Mixed Saline-alkali Stress on Leaf Structure and Photosynthetic Fluorescence Properties of Jujube[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 57-65.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理下骏枣叶片的显微结构

Fig. 1 Microscopic structure of Junzao leaf anatomy

表1 不同处理下骏枣叶片的显微结构参数

Table 1 Microstructural parameters of steamed Junzao leaves under mixed salinity stress

指标Index	CK	T60	T120	T180	T240	T300
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness/μm	223.94±10.85 bc	231.60±10.47 a	227.19±9.21 ab	218.16±10.16 c	207.74±11.67 d	197.83±17.10 e
主脉厚度 Main vein thickness/μm	883.19±42.71 d	918.21±75.81 c	994.22±52.28 a	991.52±83.46 a	978.28±46.91 ab	953.64±44.01 b
角质层厚度 Stratum corneum thickness/μm	6.10±1.16 c	6.55±1.30 abc	7.25±1.60 a	7.10±1.22 ab	6.57±1.24 abc	6.40±1.32 bc
上表皮厚度 Upper epidermis thickness/μm	38.56±3.74 a	39.87±6.27 a	34.13±4.97 bc	34.80±4.11 b	31.58±6.16 c	28.86±5.87 d
下表皮厚度 Lower epidermis thickness/μm	18.44±3.98 ab	17.51±3.01 b	19.38±3.03 a	15.74±2.71 c	14.84±3.02 c	12.71±1.58 d
栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness/μm	76.69±11.77 b	84.25±8.13 a	82.68±11.94 a	80.76±5.49 ab	79.21±8.11 ab	79.57±11.01 ab
海绵组织厚度 Spongy tissue thickness/μm	92.59±10.95 a	87.64±9.24 ab	83.84±11.60 a	77.57±6.20 ab	72.94±10.98 ab	67.27±8.72 ab
细胞结构紧密度 Structural tightness/%	34.30±5.34 c	36.47±4.12 bc	36.42±5.30 bc	37.10±3.15 b	38.29±4.69 ab	40.42±6.09 a
细胞结构疏松度 Structural looseness/%	41.48±5.53 a	37.86±3.82 b	36.93±5.12 bc	35.65±3.46 bcd	35.07±4.49 cd	34.00±3.15 d
栅/海 Palisade to spongy tissue ratio	0.84±0.18 d	0.97±0.13 c	1.01±0.21 c	1.05±0.09 bc	1.11±0.18 b	1.20±0.22 a

图2 不同处理下骏枣叶片的超微结构A~B： CK； C~D： T60； E~F： T120； G~H： T180； I~J： T240； K~L： T300。CW—细胞壁； CHI—叶绿体； M—线粒体； OG—嗜锇颗粒； SG—淀粉粒

Fig. 2 Ultrastructure of Junzao leaves under different treatmentsA~B： CK； C~D： T60； E~F： T120； G~H： T180； I~J： T240； K~L： T300. CW—Cell wall； CHI—Chloroplast； M—Mitochondrion； OG—Osmiophilic granule； SG—Starch grain

图3 不同处理下骏枣叶片的光合日变化

Fig. 3 Daily changes in photosynthesis of Junzao leaves under different treatments

图4 不同处理下骏枣叶片的叶绿素荧光参数注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Junzao leaves under differenttreatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同处理下骏枣叶片的PSⅡ反应中心活性注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Activity of the PS Ⅱ reaction centre of Junzao leaves under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

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混合盐碱胁迫对骏枣叶片结构和光合荧光特性的影响

Effect of Mixed Saline-alkali Stress on Leaf Structure and Photosynthetic Fluorescence Properties of Jujube

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