半干旱区膜下滴灌量与滴灌次数对马铃薯生长及水分利用效率影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0969

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现半干旱区马铃薯节水增产，确定适宜的灌水量与灌水次数，在滴灌条件下，以‘冀张薯12号’马铃薯为供试材料，采用随机区组设计，以覆膜无灌水作为对照（CK），分别灌水600 （W1）、1 200 （W2）、1 800 m³·hm^-2 （W3）及灌水2（F1）、3（F2）、4次（F3），共计10个处理，分析不同灌水量与灌水次数对马铃薯生长、产量、水分利用效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明，马铃薯的株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积量、SPAD值均随着生育期的推进先增后减。与CK相比，滴灌能显著促进马铃薯生长，提高地上部干物质累积量，以W2F3处理的生长指标最高。马铃薯耗水量和产量均随着滴灌量和灌水次数的增加而增加；水分利用效率随着滴灌量的增加先升高后降低。其中W2F3处理的水分利用效率和纯收益最高，分别为102.30 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1和24 203.88元·hm^-2，较CK分别显著增加49.63%和117.19%。由此表明，适宜的灌水量和合理的灌水次数有利于促进马铃薯生长，提高产量并获得较高的经济收益，为该区马铃薯滴灌技术的推广与应用提供了理论支撑和科学指导。

关键词: 马铃薯, 膜下滴灌, 灌水次数, 水分利用效率, 纯收益

Abstract:

To save water and increase yield of potato in semiarid area and determine the appropriate amount and frequency of irrigation， ‘Jizhangshu 12’ potato was as material under the drip irrigation with plastic film， and the randomized block design was used. The treatment of no irrigation with plastic film was control （CK）. The Irrigation rates were set according to 600 （W1）， 1 200 （W2）， 1 800 m³·hm^-2 （W3）， and the irrigation frequencies were 2（F1）， 3（F2）， 4 times （F3） in whole growth period， which 10 treatments were set. The growth index， yield， water use efficiency （WUE） and economic benefits were examined. The results showed that plant height， leaf area index， aboveground dry matter accumulation and SPAD value of potato increased first and then decreased with the progresses of growth period. Compared with CK， the drip irrigation could promote potato growth and accumulation of dry matter， which the growth index of W2F3 treatment was highest. With the rate and frequency of irrigation increasing， the water consumption and yield of potato increased， and WUE showed firstly increased and then decreased. W2F3 treatment had highest WUE and net income， which were 102.30 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 and 24 203.88 yuan·hm^-2， respectively. Compared with CK， WUE and net income of W2F3 treatment increased by 49.63% and 117.19%， respectively. Therefore， appropriate irrigation rate and reasonable irrigation frequency should be beneficial to promote potato growth， yield and economic benefits， which provided theoretical support and scientific guidance for the popularization and application of potato drip irrigation technology in semiarid area.

Key words: potato （Solanum tuberosum L.）, drip irrigation under plastic film, irrigation frequency, water use efficiency, net income

中图分类号:

S532

贾莉, 陈娟, 雍山玉, 李效文, 梁伟琴. 半干旱区膜下滴灌量与滴灌次数对马铃薯生长及水分利用效率影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(5): 176-184.

Li JIA, Juan CHEN, Shanyu YONG, Xiaowen LI, Weiqin LIANG. Effects of Amount and Frequency of Drip Irrigation Under Plastic Film on Potato （Solanum tuberosum L.） Growth and Water Use Efficiency in Semi-arid Region[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(5): 176-184.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	灌水定额 Irrigation rate/ （m³·hm^-2）	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）
处理 Treatment	灌水定额 Irrigation rate/ （m³·hm^-2）	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	苗期 Seedling stage	块茎形成期 Tuber initiation stage	块茎膨大期 Tuber bulking stage	淀粉累积期 Starch accumulation stage
W1F1	600	2	0	300	300	0
W1F2		3	150	0	300	150
W1F3		4	150	150	150	150
W2F1	1 200	2	0	600	600	0
W2F2		3	300	0	600	300
W2F3		4	300	300	300	300
W3F1	1 800	2	0	900	900	0
W3F2		3	450	0	900	450
W3F3		4	450	450	450	450
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatment	灌水定额 Irrigation rate/ （m³·hm^-2）	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）
处理 Treatment	灌水定额 Irrigation rate/ （m³·hm^-2）	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	苗期 Seedling stage	块茎形成期 Tuber initiation stage	块茎膨大期 Tuber bulking stage	淀粉累积期 Starch accumulation stage
W1F1	600	2	0	300	300	0
W1F2		3	150	0	300	150
W1F3		4	150	150	150	150
W2F1	1 200	2	0	600	600	0
W2F2		3	300	0	600	300
W2F3		4	300	300	300	300
W3F1	1 800	2	0	900	900	0
W3F2		3	450	0	900	450
W3F3		4	450	450	450	450
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	块茎形成期 Tuber initiation stage	块茎膨大期 Tuber bulking stage	淀粉累积期 Starch accumulation stage	成熟期 Mature stage
W1F1	6.43±0.43 b	36.46±1.48 e	61.08±1.65 e	58.68±1.29 d	56.14±0.66 e
W1F2	6.64±0.32 ab	41.28±2.59 d	61.35±1.13 e	60.43±1.55 cd	56.52±1.03 e
W1F3	6.56±0.34 ab	43.40±2.41 cd	64.04±1.45 d	63.38±1.39 bc	58.78±1.37 d
W2F1	6.32±0.53 b	36.59±1.32 e	63.94±0.59 d	60.61±1.23 cd	60.14±1.19 d
W2F2	6.88±0.16 a	43.92±1.59 c	64.54±1.18 d	65.52±1.31 b	68.02±1.48 b
W2F3	6.80±0.27 a	46.94±1.08 b	71.88±1.44 b	70.16±2.81 a	63.40±0.58 c
W3F1	6.36±0.19 b	36.81±1.59 e	62.20±1.72 de	60.52±2.35 cd	58.40±2.22 d
W3F2	6.84±0.26 a	49.80±1.48 a	69.48±1.96 c	65.22±1.67 a	62.80±1.26 c
W3F3	6.98±0.58 a	50.42±2.56 a	73.92±1.04 a	70.32±1.55 a	71.06±1.71 a
CK	6.34±0.28 b	35.94±1.53 e	52.54±2.53 f	51.94±1.67 e	50.36±1.49 f

处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	块茎形成期 Tuber initiation stage	块茎膨大期 Tuber bulking stage	淀粉累积期 Starch accumulation stage	成熟期 Mature stage
W1F1	6.43±0.43 b	36.46±1.48 e	61.08±1.65 e	58.68±1.29 d	56.14±0.66 e
W1F2	6.64±0.32 ab	41.28±2.59 d	61.35±1.13 e	60.43±1.55 cd	56.52±1.03 e
W1F3	6.56±0.34 ab	43.40±2.41 cd	64.04±1.45 d	63.38±1.39 bc	58.78±1.37 d
W2F1	6.32±0.53 b	36.59±1.32 e	63.94±0.59 d	60.61±1.23 cd	60.14±1.19 d
W2F2	6.88±0.16 a	43.92±1.59 c	64.54±1.18 d	65.52±1.31 b	68.02±1.48 b
W2F3	6.80±0.27 a	46.94±1.08 b	71.88±1.44 b	70.16±2.81 a	63.40±0.58 c
W3F1	6.36±0.19 b	36.81±1.59 e	62.20±1.72 de	60.52±2.35 cd	58.40±2.22 d
W3F2	6.84±0.26 a	49.80±1.48 a	69.48±1.96 c	65.22±1.67 a	62.80±1.26 c
W3F3	6.98±0.58 a	50.42±2.56 a	73.92±1.04 a	70.32±1.55 a	71.06±1.71 a
CK	6.34±0.28 b	35.94±1.53 e	52.54±2.53 f	51.94±1.67 e	50.36±1.49 f

处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	块茎形成期 Tuber initiation stage	块茎膨大期 Tuber bulking stage	淀粉累积期 Starch accumulation stage	成熟期 Mature stage
W1F1	0.18±0.01 ab	1.20±0.03 d	2.72±0.06 de	3.21±0.17 e	1.20±0.08 d
W1F2	0.18±0.02 ab	1.28±0.12 d	2.76±0.12 de	3.43±0.15 de	1.41±0.06 c
W1F3	0.18±0.01 ab	1.29±0.03 d	3.03±0.15 c	3.58±0.13 cd	1.49±0.06 c
W2F1	0.17±0.01 b	1.46±0.12 c	2.79±0.08 de	3.57±0.08 cd	1.50±0.12 c
W2F2	0.18±0.01 ab	1.99±0.19 b	3.22±0.16 b	3.69±0.12 bc	1.66±0.05 b
W2F3	0.21±0.02 a	2.16±0.13 a	3.74±0.14 a	4.16±0.12 a	1.70±0.13 ab
W3F1	0.18±0.01 ab	1.26±0.06 d	2.90±0.13 cd	3.61±0.18 cd	1.64±0.16 b
W3F2	0.19±0.02 ab	1.89±0.06 b	3.32±0.14 b	3.81±0.09 b	1.78±0.12 a
W3F3	0.20±0.03 a	2.21±0.13 a	3.64±0.12 a	4.10±0.08 a	1.73±0.05 ab
CK	0.17±0.02 b	1.12±0.06 e	2.46±0.11 e	2.57±0.10 f	0.78±0.06 e