改性纤维素对旱稻萌发和旱地土壤性质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0850

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水资源短缺和养分利用率低一直是制约我国旱地农业发展的重要因素，而改性纤维素能够有效固持土壤水分和养分，同时还具有缓释作用促进作物生长。探究了羧甲基纤维素（Carboxymethyl cellulose，CMC）对旱地土壤性质的影响及其在植株生长过程中的实际应用效果，为羧甲基纤维素在旱地土壤中施用量、施用方法提供科学依据。通过旱稻盆栽试验，研究CMC-NH₄、CMC-Na和CMC-K施加量为0.05%、0.10%、0.30%和0.50%时对旱稻萌发、土壤水分、物理性质、养分的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，施加0.05%的3种改性纤维素均可以促进旱稻萌发和增加地上部生物量，达214.29%~316.33%。施加改性纤维素能降低培养前期土壤水分流失量，但对土壤累积水分流失量无显著性影响；其对土壤物理性质影响较大，尤其是CMC-NH₄和CMC-Na可以增加土壤硬度以及土壤紧实度。施加CMC-NH₄有降低土壤pH的趋势，而施加CMC-Na和CMC-K有增加土壤pH的趋势。施加CMC-NH₄可以增加土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量，分别达202.45%~1 017.79%和48.20%~172.60%；3种改性纤维素均在不同程度上提高了土壤速效磷含量；仅施加CMC-K可以显著增加土壤速效钾含量，达344.94%~1 458.73%。因此，3种改性纤维素施加量为0.05%时有利于作物生长和土壤养分的增加，可以作为旱地土壤改良剂应用。

关键词: 改性纤维素, 土壤养分, 土壤水分, 旱稻生长

Abstract:

Water shortage and low nutrient utilization have always been important factors restricting the development of dryland agriculture in China. Modified cellulose can effectively hold soil moisture and nutrients， and also has a slow-release effect to promote crop growth. This study explored the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） on dryland soil properties and its practical effect in the process of plant growth， so as to provide scientific basis for the application amount and method of carboxymethyl cellulose in dryland soil. The effects of CMC-NH₄， CMC-Na and CMC-K at 0.05%， 0.10%， 0.30% and 0.50% on germination， soil moisture， physical properties and nutrients of upland rice were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that compared with the control group， the application of 0.05% of the three modified cellulose could promote the germination and increase the aboveground biomass by 214.29% to 316.33%. Adding modified cellulose could reduce soil water loss in the early stage of the experiment， and had no significant effect on soil cumulative water loss. However， it could increase soil hardness and soil compactness， especially CMC-NH₄ and CMC-Na. In addition， the application of CMC-NH₄ tended to decrease soil pH value， while the application of CMC-Na and CMC-K tended to increase soil pH value. As for soil nutrients， the contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil increased 202.45%~1 017.79% and 48.20%~172.60% by applying CMC-NH₄， respectively. The content of soil available phosphorus was increased by modified cellulose treatment to different extent. What’s more， the application of CMC-K could significantly increase the content of soil available potassium， up to 344.94%~1 458.73%. Therefore， the application amount of the three modified cellulose at 0.05% is beneficial to crop growth and soil nutrients increase， and can be used as soil amendments in dryland.

Key words: modified celluloser, soil nutrient, soil moisture, upland rice growth

中图分类号:

S156.2

刘宏元, 周志花, 赵光昕, 王艳君, 王娜娜. 改性纤维素对旱稻萌发和旱地土壤性质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(5): 168-175.

Hongyuan LIU, Zhihua ZHOU, Guangxin ZHAO, Yanjun WANG, Nana WANG. Effects of Modified Cellulose on Germination and Dryland Soil Physicochemical Properties of Upland Rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(5): 168-175.

图/表 7

表1 盆栽试验各处理设置

Table 1 Treatment of pot experiment

处理 Treatment	纤维素类型 Cellulose type	施加比例 Proportion/%	处理 Treatment	纤维素类型 Cellulose type	施加比例 Proportion/%
CK	—	0.00	B3	CMC-Na	0.30
A1	CMC-NH₄	0.05	B4	CMC-Na	0.50
A2	CMC-NH₄	0.10	C1	CMC-K	0.05
A3	CMC-NH₄	0.30	C2	CMC-K	0.10
A4	CMC-NH₄	0.50	C3	CMC-K	0.30
B1	CMC-Na	0.05	C4	CMC-K	0.50
B2	CMC-Na	0.10

图1 施加CMC?NH4、CMC?Na、CMC?K水稻苗高的变化A：CMC?NH4； B：CMC?Na； C： CMC?K

Fig. 1 Changes of CMC?NH4，CMC?Na，CMC?K application on plant height

图2 各处理地上部生物量注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Aboveground biomass in each treatmentNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 施加CMC?NH4、CMC?Na、CMC?K土壤水分流失量的变化A：CMC?NH4； B：CMC?Na； C： CMC?K

Fig. 3 Changes of CMC?NH4，CMC?Na，CMC?K application on soil water loss

表2 各处理累积失水量

Table 2 Cumulative water loss in each treatment

处理 Treatment	失水量 Water loss/kg	处理 Treatment	失水量 Water loss/kg
CK	0.67±0.02	B3	0.65±0.02
A1	0.70±0.02	B4	0.65±0.09
A2	0.67±0.02	C1	0.72±0.04
A3	0.66±0.03	C2	0.72±0.01
A4	0.69±0.03	C3	0.70±0.01
B1	0.70±0.03	C4	0.68±0.01
B2	0.67±0.03

表3 各处理培养后土壤理化性质

Table 3 Physical and chemical properties in each treatment

处理 Treatment	pH	土壤紧实度 Soil compaction/kPa	硬度与土壤成块性 Hardness and fragmentation	表面结皮厚度 Surface crust thickness/mm
CK	8.06±0.14 de	905.96±12.69 fg	土壤松软，未结块 Soil is loose， no agglomeration	0.00±0.00 d
A1	7.95±0.15 ef	1 035.82±12.36 ef	土壤较硬，未结块 Soil is hard， no agglomeration	1.77±0.42 bc
A2	7.94±0.08 ef	1 053.53±50.74 e	土壤较硬，少许板结、结块 Soil is hard， there is a small amount of soil caking	2.73±0.64 bc
A3	7.90±0.13 ef	1 146.94±21.43 e	土壤较硬，较多板结、结块 Soil is hard， there is a large amount of soil caking	2.90±0.17 bc
A4	7.77±0.17 f	1 286.14±59.10 d	土壤硬，较多板结、结块 Soil is hard， there is a large amount of soil caking	3.07±0.23 b
B1	8.33±0.12 bc	1 781.54±107.12 c	土壤坚硬，形成小结块 Soil agglomerate hardness is slightly harder	1.53±0.21 c
B2	8.42±0.14 b	1 905.46±111.02 c	土壤坚硬，形成小结块 Soil agglomerate hardness is slightly harder	2.50±0.26 c
B3	8.50±0.16 b	2 119.97±96.21 b	土壤非常坚硬，形成大结块 Soil is very hard and forms thick caking	3.83±0.06 bc
B4	8.84±0.10 a	2 313.36±202.74 a	土壤非常坚硬，形成大结块 Soil is very hard and forms thick caking	3.93±0.15 bc
C1	8.09±0.12 de	874.30±15.37 g	表层较硬，下层松软 Surface is hard and the bottom soil is loose	1.57±0.06 c
C2	8.19±0.18 cd	900.87±23.26 g	表层较硬，下层松软 Surface is hard and the bottom soil is loose	1.83±0.21 bc
C3	8.45±0.17 b	930.75±31.05 fg	表层较硬，下层较为松软 Surface is hard and the bottom soil is a little loose	2.03±0.15 b
C4	8.47±0.09 b	927.75±7.88 fg	表层较硬，下层较为松软 Surface is hard and the bottom soil is a little loose	2.57±0.12 a

表4 各处理培养后土壤养分含量 (mg·kg-1)

Table 4 Soil nutrients in each treatment

处理 Treatment	铵态氮 NH $4 +$ -N	硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N	速效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
CK	1.63±0.23 de	29.23±5.40 fg	12.30±1.42 e	161.67±7.02 e
A1	1.92±0.35 de	31.51±0.60 efg	15.47±2.89 cde	197.00±56.35 e
A2	4.93±1.18 c	43.32±1.55 cd	14.17±0.49 de	171.33±14.74 e
A3	15.40±0.59 b	64.09±0.98 b	19.26±2.21 b	173.33±3.21 e
A4	18.22±1.09 a	79.68±10.18 a	19.06±1.63 b	170.67±8.08 e
B1	1.16±0.34 ef	43.51±3.43 cd	18.60±3.16 bc	157.33±5.13 e
B2	1.01±0.13 f	37.01±3.28 de	16.70±3.18 bcd	162.33±6.03 e
B3	1.73±0.20 de	27.20±1.66 g	14.31±3.60 de	156.33±5.77 e
B4	2.09±0.56 d	12.82±1.14 h	13.07±1.11 e	158.33±4.51 e
C1	0.74±0.19 f	48.37±5.03 c	20.13±0.95 b	719.33±24.01 d
C2	0.68±0.14 f	34.54±5.68 efg	19.43±0.40 b	783.67±10.07 c
C3	0.86±0.19 f	35.10±6.48 ef	19.77±1.88 b	1 073.33±85.20 b
C4	2.28±0.16 d	36.63±2.46 def	24.87±1.88 a	2 520.00±233.88 a

表4 各处理培养后土壤养分含量 (mg·kg-1)

Table 4 Soil nutrients in each treatment

处理 Treatment	铵态氮 NH $4 +$ -N	硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N	速效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
CK	1.63±0.23 de	29.23±5.40 fg	12.30±1.42 e	161.67±7.02 e
A1	1.92±0.35 de	31.51±0.60 efg	15.47±2.89 cde	197.00±56.35 e
A2	4.93±1.18 c	43.32±1.55 cd	14.17±0.49 de	171.33±14.74 e
A3	15.40±0.59 b	64.09±0.98 b	19.26±2.21 b	173.33±3.21 e
A4	18.22±1.09 a	79.68±10.18 a	19.06±1.63 b	170.67±8.08 e
B1	1.16±0.34 ef	43.51±3.43 cd	18.60±3.16 bc	157.33±5.13 e
B2	1.01±0.13 f	37.01±3.28 de	16.70±3.18 bcd	162.33±6.03 e
B3	1.73±0.20 de	27.20±1.66 g	14.31±3.60 de	156.33±5.77 e
B4	2.09±0.56 d	12.82±1.14 h	13.07±1.11 e	158.33±4.51 e
C1	0.74±0.19 f	48.37±5.03 c	20.13±0.95 b	719.33±24.01 d
C2	0.68±0.14 f	34.54±5.68 efg	19.43±0.40 b	783.67±10.07 c
C3	0.86±0.19 f	35.10±6.48 ef	19.77±1.88 b	1 073.33±85.20 b
C4	2.28±0.16 d	36.63±2.46 def	24.87±1.88 a	2 520.00±233.88 a

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