不同叶面肥对‘黑比诺’葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0890

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同叶面肥对‘黑比诺’葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响，以5年生‘黑比诺’葡萄为试材，分别喷施无机营养型（T1）、氨基酸型（T2）、激素型（T3）、大量元素水溶型（T4）、腐殖酸型（T5）、抗性诱导型（T6）叶面肥，以喷施清水为对照（CK），分析不同时期葡萄植株叶面积、新梢基部粗度、叶片SPAD值、矿质元素含量变化，并对成熟期果实的品质进行测定。结果表明，T5处理的叶面积显著增大，在花后15、30、45、60、75 d分别较CK增加14.10%、12.34%、15.47%、15.27%、15.70%。叶面肥处理均增加了葡萄植株的新梢基部粗度，其中T5处理效果最佳。与CK相比，各处理不同时期的叶片SPAD值均有所提高，但差异不显著。对矿质元素含量测定结果表明，T1处理叶片中的大量元素含量显著提高，其中K含量的增幅最大；T6处理对中量元素的提升效果最佳；T5处理对微量元素的积累效果较好，且在花后60和75 d时叶片中的Cu含量显著增加。在果实品质方面，T5处理葡萄果实中的花青素、类黄酮、单宁、总酚含量分别较CK显著提高16.88%、38.38%、24.74%、43.13%。对采收期葡萄的果实品质相关指标进行主成分分析表明，T5处理的得分最高。综上，6种不同类型叶面肥对‘黑比诺’葡萄植株的生长与果实品质均起促进作用，其中腐殖酸型叶面肥效果最优，能显著改善果实品质。以上研究结果为葡萄提质增产提供理论指导。

关键词: 叶面肥, 黑比诺, 生长发育, 果实品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the growth， development and fruit quality of ‘Pinot Noir’ grapes， 5-year-old ‘Pinot Noir’ grapevines were used as the experimental materials. 6 types of foliar fertilizers， including inorganic nutrition type （T1）， amino acid type （T2）， hormone type （T3）， water-soluble macronutrient type （T4）， humic acid type （T5） and resistance induction type （T6） were sprayed， and clean water was sprayed as a control （CK）. The changes of leaf area， new shoot base thickness， leaf SPAD value and mineral element content at different stages were analyzed， and the relevant indicators of fruit quality were determined at maturity stage. The results showed that the T5 treatment significantly increased the leaf area of grapes. At 15， 30， 45， 60 and 75 d after flowering， the leaf areas were increased by 14.10%， 12.34%， 15.47%， 15.27% and 15.70%， respectively， compared with that of CK. All treatments increased the new shoot base thickness of grape plants， with the T5 treatment showing the most significant effect. Compared with CK， each treatment increased the leaf SPAD values at different stages， but there was no significant difference between treatments. The mineral element content analysis showed that T1 treatment significantly increased the contents of macronutrients in leaves， among which K content was most significantly increased. T6 treatment had the best effect on the promotion of medium element content， while T5 treatment had a good effect on the accumulation of trace elements， and the accumulation of Cu was significantly increased at 60 and 75 d after flowering. In terms of fruit quality， T5 treatment significantly increased the anthocyanin， flavonoid， tannin and total phenolic content of grape fruits by 16.88%， 38.38%， 24.74% and 43.13%， respectively， compared with CK. Finally， principal component analysis of the fruit quality-related indicators at harvest showed that T5 treatment had the highest score. In conclusion， all 6 types of foliar fertilizers promoted the growth and fruit quality of ‘Pinot Noir’ grape， with T5 treatment， a humic acid type foliar fertilizer， showing the best results and significantly enhancing fruit quality. Above results provided theoretical guidance for improving grape quality and yield.

Key words: foliar fertilizer, Pinot Noir, growth and development, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

黄娟娟, 张志强, 毛娟, 马宗桓, 陈佰鸿. 不同叶面肥对‘黑比诺’葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(6): 205-217.

Juanjuan HUANG, Zhiqiang ZHANG, Juan MAO, Zonghuan MA, Baihong CHEN. Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizers on Growth， Development and Fruit Quality of ‘Pinot Noir’ Grape[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(6): 205-217.

图/表 14

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元素 Element	处理 Treatment	开花时间Flowering time/d
元素 Element	处理 Treatment	15	30	45	60	75
磷P	CK	3.82±0.10 ab	4.30±0.13 ab	4.24±0.04 a	4.04±0.34 ab	3.67±0.14 c
	T1	4.17±0.07 a	4.51±0.05 a	4.28±0.13 a	3.55±0.10 b	4.16±0.05 ab
	T2	3.89±0.15 ab	4.25±0.11 ab	3.87±0.09 b	4.12±0.04 a	4.15±0.02 ab
	T3	3.52±0.23 b	4.11±0.01 ab	3.79±0.14 b	3.63±0.05 ab	3.92±0.03 b
	T4	4.27±0.14 a	4.47±0.07 a	3.89±0.04 b	3.83±0.02 ab	4.10±0.07 ab
	T5	3.93±0.10 ab	4.49±0.13 a	4.29±0.05 a	3.52±0.06 b	4.33±0.07 a
	T6	3.93±0.17 ab	4.05±0.18 b	4.23±0.06 a	3.83±0.12 ab	3.68±0.06 c
钾K	CK	8.69±0.63 c	11.11±0.39 a	8.54±0.20 c	10.38±0.20 a	6.67±0.41 a
	T1	10.20±0.14 a	10.56±0.15 a	10.43±0.79 b	11.57±0.39 a	6.94±0.29 a
	T2	8.37±0.22 bc	12.57±0.12 a	10.09±0.16 b	10.44±0.14 a	7.22±0.14 a
	T3	7.69±0.31 bc	10.46±0.38 a	8.68±0.22 c	6.95±0.52 b	6.31±0.46 a
	T4	9.61±0.30 bc	11.59±0.28 a	9.83±0.20 b	7.26±0.17 b	7.12±0.86 a
	T5	9.39±0.38 b	10.95±0.50 a	10.46±0.34 b	11.20±0.78 a	6.52±0.25 a
	T6	9.98±0.48 a	13.43±0.16 a	12.15±0.51 a	6.97±0.30 b	6.41±0.39 a

元素 Element	处理 Treatment	开花时间Flowering time/d
元素 Element	处理 Treatment	15	30	45	60	75
磷P	CK	3.82±0.10 ab	4.30±0.13 ab	4.24±0.04 a	4.04±0.34 ab	3.67±0.14 c
	T1	4.17±0.07 a	4.51±0.05 a	4.28±0.13 a	3.55±0.10 b	4.16±0.05 ab
	T2	3.89±0.15 ab	4.25±0.11 ab	3.87±0.09 b	4.12±0.04 a	4.15±0.02 ab
	T3	3.52±0.23 b	4.11±0.01 ab	3.79±0.14 b	3.63±0.05 ab	3.92±0.03 b
	T4	4.27±0.14 a	4.47±0.07 a	3.89±0.04 b	3.83±0.02 ab	4.10±0.07 ab
	T5	3.93±0.10 ab	4.49±0.13 a	4.29±0.05 a	3.52±0.06 b	4.33±0.07 a
	T6	3.93±0.17 ab	4.05±0.18 b	4.23±0.06 a	3.83±0.12 ab	3.68±0.06 c
钾K	CK	8.69±0.63 c	11.11±0.39 a	8.54±0.20 c	10.38±0.20 a	6.67±0.41 a
	T1	10.20±0.14 a	10.56±0.15 a	10.43±0.79 b	11.57±0.39 a	6.94±0.29 a
	T2	8.37±0.22 bc	12.57±0.12 a	10.09±0.16 b	10.44±0.14 a	7.22±0.14 a
	T3	7.69±0.31 bc	10.46±0.38 a	8.68±0.22 c	6.95±0.52 b	6.31±0.46 a
	T4	9.61±0.30 bc	11.59±0.28 a	9.83±0.20 b	7.26±0.17 b	7.12±0.86 a
	T5	9.39±0.38 b	10.95±0.50 a	10.46±0.34 b	11.20±0.78 a	6.52±0.25 a
	T6	9.98±0.48 a	13.43±0.16 a	12.15±0.51 a	6.97±0.30 b	6.41±0.39 a

元素 Element	处理 Treatment	开花时间Flowering time/d
元素 Element	处理 Treatment	15	30	45	60	75
钙Ca	CK	1.10±0.14 c	2.47±0.18 a	2.52±0.03 a	2.52±0.06 a	1.58±0.02 c
	T1	2.32±0.06 a	2.44±0.07 a	2.36±0.08 a	2.27±0.05 b	1.96±0.06 ab
	T2	1.39±0.17 bc	2.49±0.07 a	2.52±0.01 a	2.56±0.04 a	1.91±0.02 b
	T3	1.44±0.07 bc	2.47±0.03 a	1.64±0.14 b	1.42±0.07 d	1.99±0.05 ab
	T4	1.35±0.08 bc	2.34±0.10 a	2.51±0.02 a	1.60±0.02 c	2.06±0.02 a
	T5	1.55±0.22 b	2.41±0.18 a	2.40±0.08 a	1.63±0.03 c	2.06±0.05 a
	T6	2.17±0.10 a	2.38±0.04 a	2.17±0.02 a	1.49±0.05 cd	2.01±0.03 ab
镁Mg	CK	4.39±0.10 ab	4.46±0.10 c	5.01±0.30 c	5.22±0.10 c	6.24±0.09 c
	T1	4.45±0.31 ab	4.96±0.31 b	5.21±0.04 bc	5.35±0.02 bc	6.23±0.12 bc
	T2	4.41±0.22 ab	4.81±0.22 bc	5.05±0.08 c	5.68±0.26 b	6.80±0.10 a
	T3	4.95±0.02 a	5.24±0.02 ab	5.47±0.14 b	6.26±0.10 a	6.51±0.05 b
	T4	4.60±0.14 ab	4.93±0.14 b	5.24±0.08 bc	6.32±0.11 a	6.77±0.07 a
	T5	4.34±0.12 ab	5.64±0.12 a	6.02±0.01 a	6.18±0.08 a	6.21±0.20 bc
	T6	4.22±0.06 b	5.55±0.06 a	5.42±0.02 b	6.31±0.13 a	6.67±0.01 a

元素 Element	处理 Treatment	开花时间Flowering time/d
元素 Element	处理 Treatment	15	30	45	60	75
钙Ca	CK	1.10±0.14 c	2.47±0.18 a	2.52±0.03 a	2.52±0.06 a	1.58±0.02 c
	T1	2.32±0.06 a	2.44±0.07 a	2.36±0.08 a	2.27±0.05 b	1.96±0.06 ab
	T2	1.39±0.17 bc	2.49±0.07 a	2.52±0.01 a	2.56±0.04 a	1.91±0.02 b
	T3	1.44±0.07 bc	2.47±0.03 a	1.64±0.14 b	1.42±0.07 d	1.99±0.05 ab
	T4	1.35±0.08 bc	2.34±0.10 a	2.51±0.02 a	1.60±0.02 c	2.06±0.02 a
	T5	1.55±0.22 b	2.41±0.18 a	2.40±0.08 a	1.63±0.03 c	2.06±0.05 a
	T6	2.17±0.10 a	2.38±0.04 a	2.17±0.02 a	1.49±0.05 cd	2.01±0.03 ab
镁Mg	CK	4.39±0.10 ab	4.46±0.10 c	5.01±0.30 c	5.22±0.10 c	6.24±0.09 c
	T1	4.45±0.31 ab	4.96±0.31 b	5.21±0.04 bc	5.35±0.02 bc	6.23±0.12 bc
	T2	4.41±0.22 ab	4.81±0.22 bc	5.05±0.08 c	5.68±0.26 b	6.80±0.10 a
	T3	4.95±0.02 a	5.24±0.02 ab	5.47±0.14 b	6.26±0.10 a	6.51±0.05 b
	T4	4.60±0.14 ab	4.93±0.14 b	5.24±0.08 bc	6.32±0.11 a	6.77±0.07 a
	T5	4.34±0.12 ab	5.64±0.12 a	6.02±0.01 a	6.18±0.08 a	6.21±0.20 bc
	T6	4.22±0.06 b	5.55±0.06 a	5.42±0.02 b	6.31±0.13 a	6.67±0.01 a

元素Element	处理 Treatment	开花时间Flowering time/d
元素Element	处理 Treatment	15	15	15	15	15
铜Cu	CK	8.35±0.67 a	3.84±0.61 ab	5.27±0.30 b	0.75±0.07 d	11.87±0.30 d
	T1	8.45±0.40 a	4.88±0.59 a	6.67±0.57 ab	4.03±0.23 c	16.07±2.33 c
	T2	5.92±0.29 b	2.43±0.08 b	3.61±0.47 c	0.40±0.05 d	20.44±0.40 b
	T3	7.02±0.14 ab	3.03±0.04 b	7.66±0.55 a	13.10±0.77 b	23.31±0.46 ab
	T4	6.28±0.30 b	3.42±0.39 ab	6.37±0.59 ab	15.11±0.30 a	23.42±0.95 ab
	T5	5.83±0.35 b	3.02±0.49 b	5.51±0.36 b	12.55±0.89 b	24.63±0.67 a
	T6	3.93±0.63 c	2.96±0.32 b	1.60±0.08 d	13.05±0.12 b	22.34±0.17 ab
铁Fe	CK	43.53±2.06 ab	53.60±1.79 d	47.34±0.63 a	26.46±2.54 b	96.27±2.47 b
	T1	43.99±0.50 ab	62.79±1.00 bc	55.53±2.14 a	31.65±5.79 b	118.41±1.53 a
	T2	41.77±2.48 ab	57.58±3.50 cd	16.29±1.86 b	29.65±1.88 b	95.89±4.93 b
	T3	36.74±1.25 b	73.80±1.20 a	20.25±2.05 b	84.76±4.99 a	94.25±3.35 b
	T4	43.06±4.61 ab	58.89±2.79 cd	22.89±3.68 b	96.77±5.10 a	78.35±3.70 b
	T5	48.84±2.81 a	68.30±2.54 ab	17.22±0.90 b	99.62±11.54 a	63.52±2.01 c
	T6	43.13±2.82 ab	63.56±2.71 bc	21.33±5.01 b	89.91±3.31 a	100.77±3.26 b
锰Mn	CK	77.62±3.97 c	65.91±2.36 b	70.08±3.00 ab	75.64±1.69 a	86.53±4.30 a
	T1	85.34±0.86 bc	109.48±3.23 a	73.42±2.86 a	46.40±2.86 c	75.46±1.72 bc
	T2	55.00±2.96 cd	67.28±7.47 b	40.58±2.35 d	66.61±0.40 b	71.83±1.44 cd
	T3	76.94±2.15 c	71.36±5.95 b	62.24±5.16 bc	32.26±1.20 e	66.39±0.04 d
	T4	110.52±0.45 a	98.20±2.00 a	76.51±2.85 a	71.99±0.95 a	82.55±3.46 ab
	T5	92.19±4.11 b	96.93±1.60 a	72.68±1.96 a	77.06±0.80 a	81.00±3.10 ab
	T6	47.22±2.85 d	62.07±2.12 b	51.77±3.31 c	41.21±1.06 d	80.03±1.52 abc
锌Zn	CK	84.41±1.49 c	143.47±4.98 a	102.22±5.05 ab	109.95±1.32 b	88.47±4.38 a
	T1	125.45±2.02 b	137.25±4.79 ab	88.22±1.25 bc	133.94±3.98 a	73.51±2.40 bc
	T2	118.42±4.15 b	118.96±10.18 abc	91.16±2.70 abc	115.79±0.73 b	74.43±3.53 b
	T3	129.03±4.96 b	108.91±1.28 c	87.39±5.11 bc	84.48±3.10 d	64.16±1.87 cd
	T4	149.61±4.17 a	126.09±12.57 abc	105.50±1.33 a	96.55±4.61 c	66.49±2.71 bcd
	T5	144.05±1.26 a	129.42±3.88 abc	91.17±1.72 abc	89.27±4.44 cd	64.55±3.45 bcd
	T6	87.91±1.17 c	115.02±3.52 bc	82.05±8.10 c	58.15±2.30 e	57.23±1.03 d