反光膜对‘阳光玫瑰’果实品质及挥发性物质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同反光膜对成熟期葡萄果实品质的影响，以6年生‘阳光玫瑰’为试验材料，沿树行铺设银灰色反光膜（YH）和银色反光膜（YG），以裸地不铺膜为对照（CK），对结果部位温度、成熟叶片光合指标和叶绿素含量进行测定，并基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique，GC-MS）对不同处理下果实样品中挥发性物质进行分析。结果表明，YG处理提高了葡萄结果部位的日平均温度和日最高温度，比CK提高了1~2 ℃，同时该处理葡萄结果部位的日积温和夜积温均高于CK和YH处理。2种反光膜的应用均有效提高了葡萄叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率，在9月25日YH和YG处理组叶片叶绿素含量较CK提高2.44%、0.96%；叶片光合速率较CK提高26.71%、21.61%。YH和YG处理果实可溶性固形物较CK提高10.79%、17.15%，维生素C含量均较CK提高11.00%，可滴定酸含量比CK降低33.93%、26.79%。YG处理果实中的醛类、酯类、烷烃类、酮类和羧酸类代谢物的相对含量均比CK处理高， YG处理可以大幅提高果实中（E）-2-己烯醛、醋酸橙花酯、顺式-金合欢烯、β-紫罗酮等代谢物含量，YH处理果实中各类挥发性物质较CK均有不同程度的降低。以上表明，铺设反光膜可有效提高‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实的成熟度，银色反光膜效果更佳。研究结果为西北产区筛选适宜的反光膜促进‘阳光玫瑰’成熟的相关配套栽培技术提供依据。

关键词: 阳光玫瑰, 反光膜, 温度, 光合, 果实品质, 挥发性物质

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of different reflective films on the quality of grape fruits during the ripening period， 6-year-old‘Shine Muscat’was used as the experimental material， and silver grey reflective film （YH） and silver reflective film （YG） were laid along the tree row，taking the bare land without film as the control（CK）. The temperature and humidity of the fruit part， the photosynthetic indices， the chlorophyll content of mature leaves were measured， and the fruit samples under different treatments were analyzed by metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that the YG treatment increased the daily average temperature and maximum temperature of the grape fruit positions by 1~2 ℃ compared to CK， the daily and night accumulated temperatures of the grape fruiting area in this treatment were higher than those of CK and YH treatment. The application of 2 kinds of reflective films effectively improved the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of grape leaves. On September 25， compared to CK the chlorophyll content of leaves in YH and YG treatments increased by 2.44% and 0.96%，the photosynthetic rate of leaves increased by 26.71% and 21.61%，the soluble solids increased by 10.79% and 17.15%， respectively，and vitamin C content increased by 11.00% in both YH and YG treatments， and the titratable acid content decreased by 33.93% and 26.79%，respectively. The relative contents of aldehydes， esters， alkanes， ketones and carboxylic acid metabolites in YG treatment fruits were higher than those in CK. YG treatment could significantly increase the contents of （E）-2-hexenal， nerolide acetate， cis-?2-farnesene， 3-Buten-2-one， 4-（2，6，6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl） and so on， but most metabolites in YH treatment decreased. To sum up， laying reflective film could effectively improve the maturity of ‘Shine Muscat’ fruit，and the effect of silver reflective film in particular was better. Above results provided basis for selecting suitable reflective film to promote the ripening of sunshine rose in northwest producing areas.

Key words: ‘Shine Muscat’, reflective film, temperature, photosynthesis, fruit quality, volatile components

中图分类号:

S663.1

朱燕芳, 常强, 郝燕, 陈海龙. 反光膜对‘阳光玫瑰’果实品质及挥发性物质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 72-82.

Yanfang ZHU, Qiang CHANG, Yan HAO, Hailong CHEN. Effects of Reflective Film on Fruit Quality and Volatile Components of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 72-82.

图/表 8

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指标 Index	处理 Treatment
指标 Index	CK	YH	YG
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content /（mg·g^-1）	148.95±0.26 b	149.06±0.25 a	149.25±0.05 a
可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	17.67±0.25 c	18.47±0.05 b	19.53±0.18 a
可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	0.56±0.02 a	0.37±0.01 b	0.41±0.01 b
固酸比 Solid acid ratio	31.55±0.57 b	49.91±0.78 a	48.42±1.00 a
维生素C含量 Vc content/（mg·g^-1）	3.00±0.89 b	3.33±0.51 a	3.33±0.51 a
单粒重 Berry mass/g	11.86±0.89 a	11.66±0.48 a	11.09±0.78 a
光泽明亮度L*	47.38±3.17 a	47.25±2.16 b	46.06±1.35 c
颜色组分 a*	-8.45±0.98 a	-7.16±0.70 c	-8.03±0.64 b
颜色组分b*	18.16±2.87 b	17.66±2.04 c	20.47±1.53 a
色泽饱和度C*	20.21±2.98 b	19.05±2.13 c	22.00±1.49 a
果实颜色指数CIRG	2.69±0.04 b	2.74±0.16 a	2.67±0.09 b

指标 Index	处理 Treatment
指标 Index	CK	YH	YG
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content /（mg·g^-1）	148.95±0.26 b	149.06±0.25 a	149.25±0.05 a
可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	17.67±0.25 c	18.47±0.05 b	19.53±0.18 a
可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	0.56±0.02 a	0.37±0.01 b	0.41±0.01 b
固酸比 Solid acid ratio	31.55±0.57 b	49.91±0.78 a	48.42±1.00 a
维生素C含量 Vc content/（mg·g^-1）	3.00±0.89 b	3.33±0.51 a	3.33±0.51 a
单粒重 Berry mass/g	11.86±0.89 a	11.66±0.48 a	11.09±0.78 a
光泽明亮度L*	47.38±3.17 a	47.25±2.16 b	46.06±1.35 c
颜色组分 a*	-8.45±0.98 a	-7.16±0.70 c	-8.03±0.64 b
颜色组分b*	18.16±2.87 b	17.66±2.04 c	20.47±1.53 a
色泽饱和度C*	20.21±2.98 b	19.05±2.13 c	22.00±1.49 a
果实颜色指数CIRG	2.69±0.04 b	2.74±0.16 a	2.67±0.09 b

挥发性化合物 Volatile component		处理Treatment
挥发性化合物 Volatile component		CK	YG	YH
醇类Alcohols	香叶醇Geraniol	1.123 2	0.656 1	0.620 1
	Î±松油醇Î±-terpineol	0.437 9	0.293 7	0.265 0
	芳樟醇Linalool	4.318 4	4.210 0	2.633 6
醛类Aldehydes	（E）-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	7.334 7	10.610 1	3.527 0
	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	0.028 3	0.077 4	0.053 1
	（E，E）-2，4-己二烯醛（E，E）-2，4-hexadienal	0.426 6	0.882 4	0.505 7
	己醛Hexanal	3.373 2	4.453 1	1.841 3
	柠檬醛Citral	0.071 9	0.067 0	0.042 6
	壬醛Nonanal	0.180 9	0.171 0	0.063 1
酯类Esters	醋酸橙花酯Nerolidyl acetate	0.016 8	0.034 1	0.014 5
烯烃类 Alkenes	顺式-金合欢烯Cis-Î²-farnesene	0.038 8	0.121 8	0.039 4
	Î±-蒎烯Î±-pinene	0.405 7	0.351 5	0.255 1
	Î²-月桂烯Î²-myrcene	1.022 1	0.919 7	0.637 6
	D-柠檬烯D-limonene	0.458 9	0.401 2	0.295 8
	（1S，3R，6R）-4-蒈烯（1S，3R，6R）-（-）-4-carene	0.086 6	0.084 8	0.059 2
烷烃类 Alkanes	六甲基环三硅氧烷Hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane	0.045 7	0.159 0	0.061 7
	十八甲基环九硅氧烷Octadecamethyl-cyclononasiloxane	0.080 6	0.121 6	0.085 5
	十六甲基环八硅氧烷Hexadecamethyl-cyclooctasiloxane	0.099 4	0.147 4	0.093 5
	十六烷Hexadecane	0.058 9	0.107 8	0.055 6
	八甲基环四硅氧烷Octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane	0.040 0	0.054 8	0.040 1
	十二甲基环己氧硅烷Dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane	0.239 2	0.400 1	0.224 1
	十四甲基环七硅氧烷Tetradecamethyl-cycloheptasiloxane	0.166 2	0.293 4	0.148 6
	十甲基环五硅氧烷Decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane	0.150 9	0.214 3	0.117 0
酮Ketone	β-紫罗酮 β-ionone	0.041 8	0.111 4	0.037 7
羧酸Acid	橙花酸Neric acid	0.446 9	0.484 8	0.474 0
其他Others	2，4-对叔丁基苯酚2，4-di-tert-butylphenol	0.060 5	0.071 8	0.043 8
	3，6-二氢-4-甲基-2-（2-甲基-1-丙烯基）-2H吡喃3，6-dihydro-4-methyl-2-（2-methyl-1-propenyl）-2H-Pyran	0.057 7	0.047 0	0.037 4
	甲氧基苯肟Methoxy-phenyl-oxime	0.022 2	0.182 8	0.223 0

挥发性化合物 Volatile component		处理Treatment
挥发性化合物 Volatile component		CK	YG	YH
醇类Alcohols	香叶醇Geraniol	1.123 2	0.656 1	0.620 1
	Î±松油醇Î±-terpineol	0.437 9	0.293 7	0.265 0
	芳樟醇Linalool	4.318 4	4.210 0	2.633 6
醛类Aldehydes	（E）-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	7.334 7	10.610 1	3.527 0
	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	0.028 3	0.077 4	0.053 1
	（E，E）-2，4-己二烯醛（E，E）-2，4-hexadienal	0.426 6	0.882 4	0.505 7
	己醛Hexanal	3.373 2	4.453 1	1.841 3
	柠檬醛Citral	0.071 9	0.067 0	0.042 6
	壬醛Nonanal	0.180 9	0.171 0	0.063 1
酯类Esters	醋酸橙花酯Nerolidyl acetate	0.016 8	0.034 1	0.014 5
烯烃类 Alkenes	顺式-金合欢烯Cis-Î²-farnesene	0.038 8	0.121 8	0.039 4
	Î±-蒎烯Î±-pinene	0.405 7	0.351 5	0.255 1
	Î²-月桂烯Î²-myrcene	1.022 1	0.919 7	0.637 6
	D-柠檬烯D-limonene	0.458 9	0.401 2	0.295 8
	（1S，3R，6R）-4-蒈烯（1S，3R，6R）-（-）-4-carene	0.086 6	0.084 8	0.059 2
烷烃类 Alkanes	六甲基环三硅氧烷Hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane	0.045 7	0.159 0	0.061 7
	十八甲基环九硅氧烷Octadecamethyl-cyclononasiloxane	0.080 6	0.121 6	0.085 5
	十六甲基环八硅氧烷Hexadecamethyl-cyclooctasiloxane	0.099 4	0.147 4	0.093 5
	十六烷Hexadecane	0.058 9	0.107 8	0.055 6
	八甲基环四硅氧烷Octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane	0.040 0	0.054 8	0.040 1
	十二甲基环己氧硅烷Dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane	0.239 2	0.400 1	0.224 1
	十四甲基环七硅氧烷Tetradecamethyl-cycloheptasiloxane	0.166 2	0.293 4	0.148 6
	十甲基环五硅氧烷Decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane	0.150 9	0.214 3	0.117 0
酮Ketone	β-紫罗酮 β-ionone	0.041 8	0.111 4	0.037 7
羧酸Acid	橙花酸Neric acid	0.446 9	0.484 8	0.474 0
其他Others	2，4-对叔丁基苯酚2，4-di-tert-butylphenol	0.060 5	0.071 8	0.043 8
	3，6-二氢-4-甲基-2-（2-甲基-1-丙烯基）-2H吡喃3，6-dihydro-4-methyl-2-（2-methyl-1-propenyl）-2H-Pyran	0.057 7	0.047 0	0.037 4
	甲氧基苯肟Methoxy-phenyl-oxime	0.022 2	0.182 8	0.223 0

处理 Treament	第1主成分 First principal component	第2主成分 Second principal component	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Ranking
CK	-3.030	4.050	-0.070	2
YG	5.773	0.136	1.468	1
YH	-2.742	-4.187	-1.397	3
特征值Eigenvalue	25.024	16.976
方差贡献率Contribution rate of variance/%	59.580	40.420
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%	59.580	100.000