不同肥水处理对7个设施鲜食葡萄果实品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究和田设施葡萄栽培中适宜的灌水量和最佳叶面肥，以‘阳光玫瑰’‘户太8号’‘妮娜女皇’‘夏黑’‘新郁’‘黑美人’和‘克瑞森无核’葡萄为试验材料，分别设置4 500、6 750、9 000 m³·hm^-2共3个灌水量处理和喷施腐殖酸水溶肥、氨基酸水溶肥、清水3 个叶面肥处理，研究不同肥水处理对7 个鲜食葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明，‘克瑞森无核’‘妮娜女皇’‘夏黑’‘新郁’葡萄的总糖、可溶性固形物含量随灌水量的增大呈先升高后降低趋势；‘夏黑’‘黑美人’葡萄的果实纵径、单果重随灌水量的增大而增大。氨基酸水溶肥可促进‘户太8号’‘夏黑’‘新郁’葡萄单果重增加，同时还可提高‘户太8号’‘夏黑’‘阳光玫瑰’‘克瑞森无核’葡萄的总糖、总花青素含量。腐殖酸水溶肥能显著提高‘阳光玫瑰’‘黑美人’‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果实的维生素C含量。主成分分析显示，‘阳光玫瑰’‘妮娜女皇’‘克瑞森无核’葡萄以灌水9 000 m³·hm^-2同时配施腐殖酸水溶肥为宜；‘户太8号’葡萄以灌水6 750 m³·hm^-2同时配施氨基酸水溶肥为宜；‘夏黑’‘黑美人’‘新郁’葡萄以灌水9 000 m³·hm^-2同时配施氨基酸水溶肥为宜。以上研究结果为和田设施葡萄肥水管理提供了理论参考。

关键词: 葡萄品种, 肥水处理, 果实品质, 设施温室

Abstract:

In order to select the suitable irrigation amount and the best foliar fertilizer in Hotan facility grape cultivation， the table grapes of ‘Shine-Muscat’ ‘Hutai 8’ ‘Queen Nina’ ‘Summer Black’ ‘Xinyu’ ‘Heimeiren’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ were used as materials， and 3 irrigation amounts were set including 4 500， 6 750， 9 000 m³·hm^-2 and 3 types of foliar fertilizer were selected including humic acid water soluble fertilizer， amino acid water soluble fertilizer， water. The fruit quality of 7 table grapes under different fertilizer and water treatments were determined. The results showed that the contents of total sugar and soluble solids in ‘Crimson Seedless’ ‘Queen Nina’ ‘Summer Black’ and ‘Xinyu’ grapes increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. The fruit equatorial diameter and fruit weight of ‘Summer Black’ and ‘Heimeiren’ grapes increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer could not only promote the increase of fruit weight of ‘Hutai 8’ ‘Summer Black’ and ‘Xinyu’ grapes， but also promote the contents of total sugar and anthocyanin in ‘Hutai 8’ ‘Summer Black’ ‘Shine-Muscat’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes. The humic acid water-soluble fertilizer could significantly promote the increase of vitamin C content in ‘Shine-Muscat’ ‘Heimeiren’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes. The results of principal component analysis showed that ‘Shine-Muscat’ ‘Queen Nina’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes were suitable for irrigation amount of 9 000 m³·hm^-2 and application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. ‘Hutai 8’ grape was suitable for irrigation amount of 6 750 m³·hm^-2 and application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. The suitable irrigation amount and foliar fertilizer for ‘Summer Black’ ‘Heimeiren’ and ‘Xinyu’ grapes were 9 000 m³·hm^-2 and the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. Above results provided some theoretical reference for fertilizer and water management of Hotan facility grapes.

Key words: grape varieties, fertilizer and water treatment, fruit quality, greenhouse

中图分类号:

S663.1

宋光永, 郭雅文, 薛婧, 杨克箐, 苏学德, 周龙. 不同肥水处理对7个设施鲜食葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 229-240.

Guangyong SONG, Yawen GUO, Jing XUE, Keqing YANG, Xuede SU, Long ZHOU. Effects of Different Fertilizer and Water Treatments on Fruit Quality of 7 Table Grapes in Greenhouses[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 229-240.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）	叶面肥Foliar fertilizer
处理 Treatment	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）	清水Water/（L·hm^-2）	腐殖酸水溶肥Humic acid water soluble fertilizer /（L·hm^-2）	氨基酸水溶肥Amino acid water soluble fertilizer /（L·hm^-2）
A1B0	4 500	2 143	0	0
A1B1	4 500	0	2 143	0
A1B2	4 500	0	0	2 143
A2B0	6 750	2 143	0	0
A2B1	6 750	0	2 143	0
A2B2	6 750	0	0	2 143
A3B0	9 000	2 143	0	0
A3B1	9 000	0	2 143	0
A3B2	9 000	0	0	2 143

处理 Treatment	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）	叶面肥Foliar fertilizer
处理 Treatment	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）	清水Water/（L·hm^-2）	腐殖酸水溶肥Humic acid water soluble fertilizer /（L·hm^-2）	氨基酸水溶肥Amino acid water soluble fertilizer /（L·hm^-2）
A1B0	4 500	2 143	0	0
A1B1	4 500	0	2 143	0
A1B2	4 500	0	0	2 143
A2B0	6 750	2 143	0	0
A2B1	6 750	0	2 143	0
A2B2	6 750	0	0	2 143
A3B0	9 000	2 143	0	0
A3B1	9 000	0	2 143	0
A3B2	9 000	0	0	2 143

时期 Period	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）			灌水次数Irrigation frequency	灌水周期Irrigation cycle/d
时期 Period	A1	A2	A3	灌水次数Irrigation frequency	灌水周期Irrigation cycle/d
伤流期Bleeding period	225.00	375.00	525.00	1	—
萌芽期Budding stage	225.00	300.00	375.00	2	10
新梢生长期Shoot-growing stage	750.00	1 125.00	1 500.00	6	5
花期Blooming period	150.00	225.00	300.00	2	5
果实膨大期Fruit expanding stage	975.00	1 500.00	2 025.00	7	5
果实成熟期Fruit maturation period	806.25	1 162.50	1 518.75	8	5
落叶期Deciduous period	1 068.75	1 612.50	2 156.25	8	10
休眠期Dormant period	300.00	450.00	600.00	1	—
全生育期Whole growth period	4 500.00	6 750.00	9 000.00	35	—

时期 Period	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³·hm^-2）			灌水次数Irrigation frequency	灌水周期Irrigation cycle/d
时期 Period	A1	A2	A3	灌水次数Irrigation frequency	灌水周期Irrigation cycle/d
伤流期Bleeding period	225.00	375.00	525.00	1	—
萌芽期Budding stage	225.00	300.00	375.00	2	10
新梢生长期Shoot-growing stage	750.00	1 125.00	1 500.00	6	5
花期Blooming period	150.00	225.00	300.00	2	5
果实膨大期Fruit expanding stage	975.00	1 500.00	2 025.00	7	5
果实成熟期Fruit maturation period	806.25	1 162.50	1 518.75	8	5
落叶期Deciduous period	1 068.75	1 612.50	2 156.25	8	10
休眠期Dormant period	300.00	450.00	600.00	1	—
全生育期Whole growth period	4 500.00	6 750.00	9 000.00	35	—

品种Variety	处理Treatment	果柄长Fruit stalk length/mm	果实纵径Fruit equatorial diameter/mm	果实横径Fruit transverse diameter/mm	去皮硬度Peeling hardness/（kg·cm^-2）	单果重Fruit weight/g
阳光玫瑰Shine-Muscat	A1B0	7.42±1.31 bc	17.22±0.59 f	15.89±0.66 c	2.19±0.46 a	3.05±0.38 e
	A1B1	7.03±0.80 c	20.84±1.18 b	18.15±0.76 b	1.43±0.17 bcd	4.71±0.52 b
	A1B2	7.30±0.75 bc	18.14±0.95 ef	16.58±1.76 c	1.14±0.09 de	3.78±0.32 c
	A2B0	8.39±0.99 a	19.54±0.97 bcd	17.85±0.81 b	1.58±0.24 bc	4.13±0.52 bc
	A2B1	8.47±1.13 a	20.36±1.43 bc	18.84±0.78 b	1.75±0.25 b	4.84±0.57 b
	A2B2	8.56±0.97 a	19.45±2.08 cde	18.64±1.81 b	1.77±0.47 b	4.76±1.39 b
	A3B0	5.84±1.09 d	18.58±1.94 de	18.06±1.82 b	1.09±0.11 e	4.27±1.04 bc
	A3B1	8.09±0.92 abc	22.31±1.16 a	20.59±1.00 a	1.43±0.25 bcd	6.20±0.80 a
	A3B2	7.59±1.06 abc	19.00±1.01 de	18.06±0.78 b	1.25±0.30 cde	4.47±0.36 bc
户太8号Hutai 8	A1B0	9.62±0.58 ab	18.24±1.15 cd	17.27±0.99 c	0.79±0.10 bc	3.81±0.47 cde
	A1B1	10.17±1.08 a	19.85±1.40 b	18.14±1.26 c	1.02±0.06 abc	4.48±0.90 c
	A1B2	9.59±0.78 ab	19.12±0.54 bc	18.08±0.91 c	1.00±0.15 abc	4.24±0.42 cd
	A2B0	10.24±1.23 a	17.26±1.22 d	17.15±0.48 c	1.04±0.20 abc	3.64±0.21 def
	A2B1	8.41±0.82 c	17.80±1.31 d	15.77±0.94 d	0.93±0.09 abc	3.17±0.57 ef
	A2B2	9.79±0.80 a	22.19±0.76 a	20.95±0.57 a	1.02±0.15 abc	6.17±0.43 a
	A3B0	8.70±1.06 bc	17.72±0.73 d	17.33±0.77 c	0.76±0.16 c	3.09±0.46 f
	A3B1	9.46±0.84 ab	19.75±1.61 b	17.29±1.85 c	1.09±0.11 a	4.07±0.87 cd
	A3B2	10.18±0.98 a	20.44±1.21 b	19.62±1.12 b	1.06±0.16 ab	5.27±0.80 b
妮娜女皇Queen Nina	A1B0	8.35±0.45 bc	25.47±1.40 ab	20.80±0.61 b	1.44±0.19 d	6.88±0.37 b
	A1B1	8.56±0.87 bc	25.67±1.00 ab	22.51±0.81 a	1.34±0.08 d	8.40±0.56 a
	A1B2	7.56±0.37 c	21.81±1.59 d	17.31±0.29 d	1.41±0.10 d	4.43±0.45 d
	A2B0	9.79±1.41 a	23.79±1.50 c	19.37±0.78 c	1.84±0.32 bc	5.76±0.79 c
	A2B1	7.92±1.14 bc	19.98±1.68 e	18.09±0.75 d	1.59±0.29 cd	4.25±0.51 d
	A2B2	8.46±0.93 bc	23.07±1.03 cd	19.03±0.85 c	2.07±0.29 b	5.44±0.60 c
	A3B0	7.94±0.65 bc	24.48±0.73 bc	21.00±0.52 b	1.52±0.09 d	6.96±0.30 b
	A3B1	7.83±0.44 c	25.76±1.63 ab	22.58±0.63 a	2.52±0.17 a	8.63±0.82 a
	A3B2	8.91±0.97 ab	26.19±1.91 a	22.58±1.33 a	1.47±0.09 d	8.80±1.47 a
夏黑Summer Black	A1B0	6.69±0.97 ab	12.01±0.30 bc	11.99±0.31 c	1.04±0.12 ab	1.18±0.05 b
	A1B1	5.20±1.15 c	11.52±0.27 c	11.97±0.54 c	1.11±0.10 ab	1.26±0.10 b
	A1B2	6.28±1.07 abc	12.44±0.36 bc	12.25±0.29 bc	1.09±0.14 ab	1.34±0.14 b
	A2B0	6.10±0.37 abc	13.03±0.55 b	13.21±0.51 ab	1.20±0.20 ab	1.37±0.22 b
	A2B1	7.18±1.09 a	11.93±0.64 bc	12.22±0.40 bc	1.24±0.28 ab	1.32±0.07 b
	A2B2	6.41±0.49 abc	12.56±1.60 bc	12.45±1.14 bc	0.98±0.13 b	1.52±0.48 b
	A3B0	5.69±0.37 bc	12.73±0.79 bc	13.14±0.70 ab	1.16±0.09 ab	1.60±0.15 ab
	A3B1	6.60±0.68 ab	12.90±0.43 b	13.55±0.58 a	1.30±0.17 a	1.45±0.19 b
	A3B2	7.40±1.01 a	14.66±1.43 a	14.19±1.08 a	1.17±0.23 ab	1.95±0.48 a
新郁Xinyu	A1B0	8.20±1.93 abc	26.25±1.32 c	21.26±0.61 d	2.72±0.31 b	7.28±0.52 e
	A1B1	8.97±0.56 ab	25.66±0.90 c	21.86±1.02 cd	2.46±0.35 bcd	8.11±0.52 cd
	A1B2	8.42±1.02 abc	19.53±2.70 d	16.63±1.25 f	2.44±0.25 bcd	3.34±0.93 g
	A2B0	9.36±1.03 a	28.51±0.64 b	22.05±0.63 cd	2.26±0.27 cd	7.40±0.62 de
	A2B1	7.59±0.83 c	25.62±2.10 c	19.45±1.46 e	2.20±0.32 d	6.30±1.30 f
	A2B2	8.74±0.73 ab	25.87±1.76 c	22.56±0.87 bc	1.61±0.13 e	8.64±0.77 c
	A3B0	8.89±0.69 ab	28.56±0.78 b	22.54±0.66 bc	2.64±0.19 b	8.70±0.47 bc
	A3B1	8.11±0.80 bc	30.26±1.96 ab	23.09±0.50 b	3.40±0.31 a	9.43±0.54 b
	A3B2	8.79±0.64 ab	30.70±0.99 a	25.65±0.76 a	2.58±0.24 bc	12.39±0.57 a
黑美人Heimeiren	A1B0	9.26±0.89 abc	30.05±2.19 cd	13.32±1.13 a	2.65±0.02 a	3.31±0.55 d
	A1B1	8.73±1.73 bc	27.21±0.85 d	10.78±0.36 b	2.51±0.28 a	2.47±0.25 e
	A1B2	8.49±0.90 bc	31.39±1.79 bc	13.45±1.35 a	2.87±0.10 a	3.96±0.53 bcd
	A2B0	8.82±1.34 abc	32.20±2.64 bc	13.42±1.10 a	2.44±0.23 a	3.57±0.75 cd
	A2B1	7.82±1.45 c	32.85±6.49 bc	12.82±0.69 a	2.69±0.17 a	3.60±1.05 cd
	A2B2	8.69±1.80 bc	34.31±2.39 b	14.03±1.05 a	2.72±0.17 a	4.19±0.57 bc
	A3B0	8.92±0.93 abc	32.05±2.21 bc	13.05±1.17 a	2.67±0.19 a	3.53±0.65 cd
	A3B1	9.82±0.80 ab	38.70±2.87 a	13.58±0.51 a	2.77±0.36 a	4.59±0.68 b
	A3B2	10.42±0.86 a	40.71±2.54 a	14.10±0.55 a	2.68±0.22 a	5.65±0.43 a
克瑞森无核Crimson Seedless	A1B0	5.45±0.73 cd	20.50±1.01 a	15.08±0.69 a	2.76±0.31 a	3.06±0.34 a
	A1B1	4.80±0.66 d	13.35±0.57 d	10.21±0.13 d	1.55±0.39 e	1.79±0.06 e
	A1B2	6.15±0.64 bc	18.66±1.01 b	13.86±0.57 b	2.71±0.10 a	2.38±0.25 c
	A2B0	6.24±1.15 abc	16.92±1.54 c	12.75±0.47 c	1.65±0.10 e	2.01±0.23 d
	A2B1	7.18±0.41 a	18.91±0.81 b	14.45±0.52 ab	2.12±0.32 cd	2.88±0.22 ab
	A2B2	6.32±0.54 abc	17.03±0.90 c	14.36±0.41 ab	2.15±0.29 c	2.49±0.16 c
	A3B0	6.63±0.59 ab	20.57±1.77 a	14.82±0.84 a	1.79±0.18 de	2.95±0.45 ab
	A3B1	6.01±0.79 bc	19.87±0.94 ab	15.11±0.52 a	2.59±0.25 ab	3.22±0.27 a
	A3B2	6.34±0.82 abc	19.65±0.66 ab	13.99±0.28 b	2.27±0.29 bc	2.63±0.13 bc