石灰岩矿山重构土理化性质及酶活性变化

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0037

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 168-178.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0037

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

石灰岩矿山重构土理化性质及酶活性变化

曹航¹(), 杨新兵¹(), 刘彦林²^,³, 霍娜¹, 刘小宽⁴, 李新月⁴

^1.河北农业大学林学院，河北保定 071000
^2.河北地矿建设工程集团有限责任公司，石家庄 050000
^3.河北省地质矿产勘查开发局国土资源勘查中心（河北省矿山和地质灾害应急救援中心），石家庄 050000
^4.易县自然资源和规划局，河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2023-12-06 接受日期:2024-03-28 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-26
通讯作者: 杨新兵
作者简介:曹航 E-mail：1822679459@qq.com.
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(20374208D)

Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Reconstituted Soils from Limestone Mines

Hang CAO¹(), Xinbing YANG¹(), Yanlin LIU²^,³, Na HUO¹, Xiaokuan LIU⁴, Xinyue LI⁴

^1.Forestry College of Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071000，China
^2.Hebei Geological and Mineral Construction Engineering Group Co. ，Ltd. ，Shijiazhuang 050000，China
^3.Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau （Hebei Mining and Geological Disaster Emergency Rescue Center），Shijiazhuang 050000，China
^4.Yixian Natural Resources and Planning Bureau，Hebei Baoding 071000，China

Received:2023-12-06 Accepted:2024-03-28 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-26
Contact: Xinbing YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨石灰岩矿山重构土壤肥力水平并重建矿山土壤生态系统，在石家庄市鹿泉区一石灰岩矿山采集矿渣与附近农田土按照一定比例混合，测定不同比例重构土理化性质及酶活性，并利用灰色关联度法综合评价重构土壤肥力。结果表明：不同重构土容重、孔隙度及持水量差异显著，总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、各持水量指标等均随着农田土比例的增加而增加，容重、非毛管孔隙度规律与之相反；不同重构土pH、全磷、全钾及速效养分差异显著，有机碳、全氮则未呈现出差异性，pH随着农田土比例的增加逐渐减小，土壤全量养分、速效养分逐渐增加；除脱氢酶外，碱性磷酸酶活性、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性在不同重构土中的差异显著，且均在农田土、矿渣比例为7∶3时最大。经相关性分析可知，除脱氢酶活性外，重构土理化性质与其他酶活性显著相关。利用灰色关联度法对重构土壤肥力进行综合分析，发现农田土、矿渣比例为7∶3时土壤肥力水平最好。上述结果表明，利用农田土重构矿山土壤效果显著，添加农田土可显著改善矿山土壤物理、化学和生物特性，有利于矿山土壤肥力水平提升和土壤生态系统的保护。

关键词: 矿山, 土壤重构, 酶活性, 理化性质, 土壤肥力评价

Abstract:

To investigate limestone mines for the purpose of restoring soil fertility levels and rebuilding mine soil ecosystems，slag was collected at a limestone mine located in Luquan District， Shijiazhuang city， and mixed with nearby farmland soil in varying ratios. The physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of the reconstructed soils were determined， and their fertility was comprehensively evaluated using the gray correlation method. The results showed the bulk density， porosity， water holding capacity， total porosity， and capillary porosity of different reconstructed soils varied significantly； as the proportion of farmland soil increases， each water holding capacity index also increased； additionally， the bulk density and non-capillary porosity exhibited an inverse relationship. Significant differences were observed in pH， total phosphorus， total potassium， and available nutrients among the various reconstructed soils， however， no differences were observed in organic carbon and total nitrogen. The pH decreased gradually with an increase in the proportion of agricultural soils， while the total and available nutrients of soils increased gradually. All enzymes except dehydrogenase showed significant differences in different reconstructed soils. Alkaline phosphatase activity， urease activity， sucrase activity， polyphenol oxidase activity， and catalase activity were all maximal at the ratio of agricultural soil and slag of 7∶3. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between the physicochemical properties of reconstituted soils and enzyme activities excepted for dehydrogenase. The gray correlation degree method was used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of reconstituted soil fertility. Soil fertility level was optimal when the ratio of agricultural soil to slag was 7∶3. The study demonstrated that the reconstruction of mine soil with farmland soil has a significant impact. The addition of farmland soil can greatly enhanced the physical， chemical， and biological characteristics of mine soil， which was beneficial for improving the fertility of mine soil and protecting the soil ecosystem.

Key words: mines, soil reconstruction, enzyme activity, physical and chemical properties, Soil fertility evaluation

中图分类号:

S157.2

曹航, 杨新兵, 刘彦林, 霍娜, 刘小宽, 李新月. 石灰岩矿山重构土理化性质及酶活性变化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 168-178.

Hang CAO, Xinbing YANG, Yanlin LIU, Na HUO, Xiaokuan LIU, Xinyue LI. Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Reconstituted Soils from Limestone Mines[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(8): 168-178.

图/表 13

图1 不同重构土容重注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Bulk density of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同重构土孔隙度注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Porosity of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同重构土持水量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Water holding capacity of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同重构土pH注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 PH of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同重构土有机碳含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Organic carbon content of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同重构土全效养分含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Total nutrient content of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同重构土速效养分含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 Available nutrient content of different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 不同重构土酶活性特征注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 Characteristics of enzyme activity in different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图8 不同重构土酶活性特征注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 8 Characteristics of enzyme activity in different reconstructed soilsNote：Different small letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表 1 土壤酶活性和物理性质相关性

Table 1 Correlation between soil enzyme activity and physical properties

指标Index	碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	脲酶Urease	蔗糖酶Sucrase enzyme	过氧化氢酶Catalase	多酚氧化酶Polyphenol oxidase	脱氢酶Dehydrogenase
容重Bulk density	-0.494	-0.781^*	-0.754^*	-0.473	-0.654^*	0.081
毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity	0.761^*	0.951^*	0.842^*	0.593^*	0.894^*	-0.102
非毛管孔隙度Noncapillary porosity	-0.685^*	-0.821^*	-0.813^*	-0.672^*	-0.682^*	0.121
总孔隙度Total porosity	0.753^*	0.954^*	0.824^*	0.573^*	0.904^*	-0.101
自然含水量Water content	0.762^*	0.933^*	0.841^*	0.602^*	0.872^*	-0.131
最大持水量Maximum moisture capacity	0.731^*	0.932^*	0.830^*	0.581^*	0.842^*	-0.14
毛管持水量Capillary capacity	0.722^*	0.931^*	0.823^*	0.561^*	0.831^*	-0.132
田间持水量Field capacity	0.732^*	0.930^*	0.851^*	0.571^*	0.862^*	-0.091

表 2 土壤酶活性和化学性质相关性

Table 2 Correlation between soil enzyme activity and chemical propertie

指标Index	碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	脲酶Urease	蔗糖酶Sucrase	过氧化氢酶Catalase	多酚氧化酶Polyphenol oxidase	脱氢酶Dehydrogenase
全氮Total nitrogen	0.401	0.500	0.632	0.342	0.381	0.193
全磷Total phosphorus	0.642^*	0.820^*	0.701^*	0.732^*	0.700^*	-0.151
全钾Total potassium	0.691^*	0.912^*	0.833^*	0.690^*	0.794^*	-0.112
碱解氮Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen	0.721^*	0.774^*	0.731^*	0.562	0.711^*	0.044
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.671^*	0.801^*	0.703^*	0.881^*	0.701^*	-0.11
速效钾Rapidly available potassium	0.483	0.711^*	0.682^*	0.403	0.582^*	-0.151
有机碳Organic carbon	0.632^*	0.630^*	0.672^*	0.401	0.602^*	-0.171
pH	-0.421	-0.682^*	-0.511^*	-0.530^*	-0.474	0.293

表3 不同重构土理化性质及酶活性灰色关联系数

Table 3 Grey correlation coefficients of physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of different reconstructed soils

指标Index	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5
容重Bulk density	0.47	0.85	0.55	0.52	0.49
毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity	0.81	0.97	0.94	0.86	0.95
非毛管孔隙度Noncapillary porosity	0.40	0.81	0.49	0.51	0.39
总孔隙度Total porosity	0.92	0.97	0.87	0.94	0.91
自然含水量Water content	0.78	0.98	0.91	0.87	0.91
最大持水量Maximum moisture capacity	0.62	0.93	0.94	0.75	0.80
毛管持水量Capillary capacity	0.56	0.86	0.88	0.70	0.75
田间持水量Field capacity	0.56	0.89	0.80	0.63	0.69
全氮Total nitrogen	0.62	0.68	0.68	0.75	0.69
全磷Total phosphorus	0.71	0.94	0.71	0.79	0.78
全钾Total potassium	0.50	0.83	0.80	0.84	0.55

表3 不同重构土理化性质及酶活性灰色关联系数 (续表Continued)

Table 3 Grey correlation coefficients of physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of different reconstructed soils

指标Index	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5
碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen	0.68	0.86	0.73	0.68	0.81
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.56	0.96	0.88	0.66	0.44
速效钾Rapidly available potassium	0.56	0.57	0.86	0.60	0.73
有机碳Organic carbon	0.73	0.58	0.61	0.68	0.78
pH	0.52	0.92	0.64	0.60	0.54
碱性磷酸酶AKP	0.64	0.94	0.73	0.68	0.68
脲酶 UE	0.81	0.89	0.89	0.85	0.81
蔗糖酶SC	0.72	0.89	0.83	0.84	0.79
过氧化氢酶CAT	0.65	0.94	0.70	0.57	0.87
多酚氧化酶PPO	0.72	0.80	0.94	0.94	0.94
脱氢酶DHA	0.58	0.92	0.65	0.62	0.58
关联度Degree of association	0.64	0.86	0.77	0.72	0.72

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石灰岩矿山重构土理化性质及酶活性变化

Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Reconstituted Soils from Limestone Mines

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