有机肥与鼠李糖脂和氯化胆碱配施对盐渍土性质和番茄耐盐性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0100

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 202-214.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0100

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

有机肥与鼠李糖脂和氯化胆碱配施对盐渍土性质和番茄耐盐性的影响

寇威¹(), 刘佳月¹, 户可欣¹, 高铱遥¹, 许世奇¹, 何彦臻¹, 王旭东¹^,²()

^1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100
^2.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2024-02-04 接受日期:2024-04-24 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-26
通讯作者: 王旭东
作者简介:寇威 E-mail：m15133377545@163.com；
基金资助:
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY0205);内蒙古鄂尔多斯市重大项目(TG20220520)

Effect of Organic Fertilizer with Rhamnolipid and Choline Chloride on Properties of Saline Soils and Salt Tolerance of Tomato

Wei KOU¹(), Jiayue LIU¹, Kexin HU¹, Yiyao GAO¹, Shiqi XU¹, Yanzhen HE¹, Xudong WANG¹^,²()

^1.College of Resource and Environment，Northwest A＆F University，Shaanxi Yangling 712100，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，College of Resource and Environment，Northwest A＆F University，Shaanxi Yangling 712100，China

Received:2024-02-04 Accepted:2024-04-24 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-26
Contact: Xudong WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤盐渍化是农业发展和生态环境保护的重要障碍因子，通过改良剂和新型材料配施改善盐渍土及减少盐胁迫的危害是一种可行的方法。设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、CF+有机肥（CFM）、CFM+不同用量氯化胆碱（CFMC1、CFMC2、CFMC3）、CFM+鼠李糖脂（CFMS1）、CFM+氯化胆碱+不同用量鼠李糖脂（CFMC2S1、CFMC2S2、CFMC2S3）共10种处理，研究有机肥配施鼠李糖脂和氯化胆碱对盐渍化土壤理化性质及番茄生长发育和耐盐性的影响。结果表明，CFM、CFMC1、CFMC2、CFMC3、CFMS1、CFMC2S1、CFMC2S2和CFMC2S3处理均可改良土壤环境，降低土壤pH和土壤钠吸附比。有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂能提高番茄的耐盐性，与CFM处理相比，丙二醛含量和超氧阴离子产生速率分别降低2.81%~26.76%、9.52%~42.86%；过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量分别增加1.39%~27.78%、5.15%~31.17%；叶片K⁺含量升高1.29%~21.03%；Na⁺含量降低2.16%~14.59%。番茄的光合作用增强且果实品质和产量增加，与CFM处理相比，有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂后，果实的可溶性糖、维生素C含量、产量分别增加2.94%~20.59%、3.42%~12.43%、8.90%~33.81%；叶绿素含量和净光合速率分别提高3.85%~38.46%、2.40%~42.51%。在中度盐渍化土壤中，添加有机肥15 000 kg·hm^-2且配施9 kg·hm^-2氯化胆碱和0.72 kg·hm^-2 20%的鼠李糖脂效果最佳。综合看来，有机肥配施鼠李糖脂和氯化胆碱在一定程度上能缓解盐胁迫对番茄的危害，促进番茄生长，增加其耐盐性。研究结果为盐渍土改良和番茄优质高产提供参考。

关键词: 盐渍土, 有机肥, 氯化胆碱, 鼠李糖脂, 番茄

Abstract:

Soil salinization is an important obstacle factor for agricultural development and ecological environment protection， and it is a feasible method to improve saline soil and reduce the harm of salt stress through the formulation and application of amendments and new materials. 10 treatments including no fertilizer （CK）， chemical fertilizer （CF）， CF+organic fertilizer （CFM）， CFM+different dosage of choline chloride （CFMC1， CFMC2， CFMC3）， CFM+rhamnolipids （CFMS1）， and CFM+choline chloride+different dosage of rhamnolipids （CFMC2S1， CFMC2S2， CFMC2S3） were setting. The effects of organic fertilizers with rhamnolipid and choline chloride on the physicochemical properties of salinized soil and the growth and development of tomato and salt tolerance were studied. The results showed that CFM， CFMC1， CFMC2， CFMC3， CFMS1， CFMC2S1， CFMC2S2 and CFMC2S3 treatments could improve the soil environment， and reduce the soil pH and soil sodium adsorption ration. Organic fertilizer combined with choline chloride and rhamnoolide could improve the salt tolerance of tomato， and compared with CFM treatment， the content of malondialdehyde and the superoxide anion production rate decreased by 2.81%~26.76% and 9.52%~42.86%， respectively；peroxidase activity and proline content increased by 1.39%~27.78% and 5.15%~31.17%， respectively； leaf K⁺ content increased by 1.29%~21.03%， and Na⁺ content decreased by 2.16%~14.59%. Tomato photosynthesis was enhanced and fruit quality and yield increased，compared with CFM treatment， soluble sugar， vitamin C content and yield of fruits increased by 2.94%~20.59%， 3.42%~12.43% and 8.90%~33.81%， respectively， chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate increased by 3.85%~38.46% and 2.40%~42.51%， respectively. In moderately saline soil， the best effect was achieved when organic fertilizer was added at a rate of 15 000 kg·hm^-2with 9 kg·hm^-2 choline chloride and 0.72 kg·hm^-2 20% rhamnolipid. In conclusion， the application of organic fertilizer with rhamnolipid and choline chloride could reduce the harm of salt stress on tomato， promote the growth of tomato， and increase its salt tolerance to a certain extent. Above results provided a reference for the improvement of saline soil and high quality and high yield of tomato.

Key words: saline soil, organic fertilizer, choline chloride, rhamnoolipid, tomato

中图分类号:

S156.4

寇威, 刘佳月, 户可欣, 高铱遥, 许世奇, 何彦臻, 王旭东. 有机肥与鼠李糖脂和氯化胆碱配施对盐渍土性质和番茄耐盐性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 202-214.

Wei KOU, Jiayue LIU, Kexin HU, Yiyao GAO, Shiqi XU, Yanzhen HE, Xudong WANG. Effect of Organic Fertilizer with Rhamnolipid and Choline Chloride on Properties of Saline Soils and Salt Tolerance of Tomato[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(8): 202-214.

图/表 8

表1 不同处理化肥、有机肥、氯化胆碱及鼠李糖脂施用量

Table 1 Application rates of chemical fertilizers， organic fertilizers， choline chloride and rhamnolipid in different treatments

处理 Treatment	施用量Dosage/（kg·hm^-2）
处理 Treatment	化肥 Fertilizer （N+P₂O₅+K₂O）	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	20%鼠李糖脂 20% rhamnolipid
CK	0	0	0	0.00
CF	975	0	0	0.00
CFM	975	15 000	0	0.00
CFMC1	975	15 000	6	0.00
CFMC2	975	15 000	9	0.00
CFMC3	975	15 000	15	0.00
CFMS1	975	15 000	0	0.24
CFMC2S1	975	15 000	9	0.24
CFMC2S2	975	15 000	9	0.48
CFMC2S3	975	15 000	9	0.72

表2 有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂土壤的pH、电导率和钠吸附比

Table 2 pH， EC and SAR of organic fertilizers with choline chloride and rhamnolipid soils

处理Treatment	pH	电导率EC/（mS·m^-1）	钠吸附比R_SA
CK	10.20±0.36 a	153.00±6.49 b	8.60±0.43 a
CF	9.50±0.36 a	226.00±9.59 a	8.50±0.40 a
CFM	8.30±0.47 a	246.50±13.94 a	8.30±0.47 b
CFMC1	8.20±0.35 a	243.00±10.31 a	8.30±0.35 b
CFMC2	8.10±0.24 a	239.50±6.77 a	8.40±0.23 b
CFMC3	8.10±0.35 a	236.50±10.03 a	8.30±0.34 b
CFMS1	8.20±0.23 a	240.50±6.80 a	8.20±0.23 b
CFMC2S1	8.10±0.35 a	237.50±10.08 a	8.20±0.34 b
CFMC2S2	7.90±0.46 a	235.50±13.32 a	8.10±0.45 b
CFMC2S3	7.60±0.34 a	234.50±9.95 a	8.00±0.32 b

图1 有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂下番茄丙二醛含量和O2.-产生速率注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 MDA content and O2.- generation rate of tomatoes in organic fertilizers with choline chloride and rhamnolipidNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂下番茄POD活性和Pro含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 POD activity and Pro content of tomatoes in organic fertilizers with choline chloride and rhamnolipidNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂下番茄可溶性糖、VC含量、产量和鲜重注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Soluble sugars， VC content， yield and fresh weight of tomato in organic fertilizers with choline chloride and rhamnolipidNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂番茄叶绿素含量和Pn注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Chlorophyll content and Pn of organic fertilizer with choline chloride and rhamnolipid tomatoNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 有机肥配施氯化胆碱和鼠李糖脂下番茄叶片K+、Ca2+和Na+含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 K+， Ca2+ and Na+ contents of tomato leaves with organic fertilizers with choline chloride and rhamnolipidNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 番茄产量与各项指标的相关性分析注：*、**和***分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.001水平显著相关。

Fig. 6 Correlation analysis of tomato yield with various indicatorsNote： *，** and *** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05，P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels，respectively.

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有机肥与鼠李糖脂和氯化胆碱配施对盐渍土性质和番茄耐盐性的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer with Rhamnolipid and Choline Chloride on Properties of Saline Soils and Salt Tolerance of Tomato

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