氮肥减量配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0013

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 217-228.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0013

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

氮肥减量配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落结构的影响

张曦瑜¹(), 沈幸¹^,², 李伟¹, 谢文歌¹, 李杰¹, 杨昌浩¹, 柴仲平¹^,²()

^1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
^2.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-01-07 接受日期:2024-02-26 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者: 柴仲平
作者简介:张曦瑜 E-mail： 943785064@qq.com；
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题项目(2021D04005);国家自然科学基金项目(32360802);国家自然科学基金项目(31960639);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC017)

Influence of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Korla Pear Orchards

Xiyu ZHANG¹(), Xing SHEN¹^,², Wei LI¹, Wenge XIE¹, Jie LI¹, Changhao YANG¹, Zhongping CHAI¹^,²()

^1.College of Resources and Environment，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
^2.Xinjiang Soil and Plant Ecological Processes Laboratory，College of Resources and Environment，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China

Received:2024-01-07 Accepted:2024-02-26 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-07-11
Contact: Zhongping CHAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究减氮配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤（0—20 cm）细菌群落结构及多样性的影响，以常规施肥处理为对照（CK），设置分别较常规施肥用氮量减少10 %（N1）、20 %（N2）、30 %（N3）3个氮肥减量梯度和2个有机肥梯度，即分别施用羊粪22 500（F1）、33 750 kg·hm^-2（F2），组合形成氮肥减量配施有机肥试验处理。采用高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌群落结构组成及群落多样性，分析其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明，土壤细菌优势菌门为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）；优势细菌属为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、考克氏菌属（Kocuria）、嗜盐单胞菌属（Halomonas）、Subgroup_6、S0134_terrestrial_group、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）和动孢菌属（Kineosporia）。N1F2处理能增加拟杆菌门的相对丰度，N1F2和N2F2处理对考克氏菌属的相对丰度有促进作用，N2F2处理对节杆菌属的相对丰度有促进作用。N3F2处理对细菌群落的α多样性有显著促进作用。减氮配施有机肥对土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾显著促进，对pH、电导率显著抑制，全氮、土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷、电导率、pH是影响土壤细菌群落结构的重要环境因素。为推进香梨园土壤质量提升及土壤生态系统多样性的稳定，推荐10~12年树龄的库尔勒香梨适宜施肥模式为施氮240~270 kg·hm^-2的同时配施有机肥33 750 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 氮肥减量, 有机肥, 细菌群落, 土壤养分

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on soil bacterial community structure and diversity in Korla fragrant pear orchard （0 to 20 cm）， conventional fertilization treatment was used as the control （CK），and 3 nitrogen reduction gradients of 10% （N1）， 20% （N2） and 30% （N3） and 2 organic fertilizer gradients were set， that is， sheep manure 22 500 （F1） and 33 750 kg·hm^-2 （F2） were applied， respectively，to form a combination of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer test treatment. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine soil bacterial community structure composition and community diversity， and to analyze its correlation with soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the dominant phyla of soil bacteria were Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， Firmicutes， Gemmatimonadetes， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The dominant bacterial genera were Bacillus， Kocuria， Halomonas， Subgroup_6， S0134_terrestrial_group， Arthrobacter and Kineosporia. N1F2 treatment could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes， N1F2 and N2F2 treatments could promote the relative abundance of Kocuria， and N2F2 treatment could promote the relative abundance of Arthrobacter. The N3F2 treatment notably increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community. Nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer significantly promoted soil organic matter， total nitrogen， alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium， and significantly inhibited pH and electrical conductivity. Key environmental factors affecting soil microbial community structure included total nitrogen， soil organic matter， alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen， available potassium， available phosphorus， electrical conductivity and pH. To promote the improvement of soil quality and the stability of soil ecosystem diversity， it was recommended to apply 240~270 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer and 33 750 kg·hm^-2 organic fertilizer for 10~12 years old Korla fragrant pear.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, organic fertilizer, bacterial community, soil nutrients

中图分类号:

S152.7

张曦瑜, 沈幸, 李伟, 谢文歌, 李杰, 杨昌浩, 柴仲平. 氮肥减量配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 217-228.

Xiyu ZHANG, Xing SHEN, Wei LI, Wenge XIE, Jie LI, Changhao YANG, Zhongping CHAI. Influence of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Korla Pear Orchards[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 217-228.

图/表 11

表1 氮肥减量配施有机肥试验方案

Table 1 Experiment scheme with nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer

处理Treatment	养分用量Quantity of nutrient application/（kg·hm^-2）
处理Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	羊粪Sheep manure
CK	300	300	75	0
N1F1	270	300	75	22 500
N2F1	240	300	75	22 500
N3F1	210	300	75	22 500
N1F2	270	300	75	33 750
N2F2	240	300	75	33 750
N3F2	210	300	75	33 750

图1 减氮配施有机肥下细菌群落门水平的相对丰度

Fig. 1 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at the phylum level under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer

图 2 减氮配施有机肥下细菌群落属水平的相对丰度

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at the genus level under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer

图3 减氮配施有机肥下土壤细菌群落的α多样性注：*表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Soil bacterial community α diversity under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizerNote：* indicates significant difference at P<0.05 level.

图4 减氮配施有机肥下土壤细菌群落的β多样性注：图中每个点代表1个样本，3个相同颜色的点代表3个重复处理。

Fig. 4 Soil bacterial community β diversity under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizerNote：Each dot in the figure represents one sample， 3 dots of same colour represent 3 replicate treatments.

表2 减氮配施有机肥下的土壤理化性质

Table 2 Soil physical and chemical properties under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer

时期Period	处理Treatment	全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	有机质SOM/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮AN/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	pH	电导率EC/（μs·cm^-1）
T2	CK	0.87 b	19.70 c	66.33 e	71.68 a	228.00 a	7.82 de	3 955.33 b
	N1F1	0.92 ab	21.70 a	66.10 e	67.21 ab	228.00 a	7.94 a	2 314.00 d
	N2F1	0.84 b	21.85 a	67.23 e	66.99 ab	229.33 a	7.83 cd	4 559.33 a
	N3F1	0.84 b	20.42 bc	70.36 de	63.23 b	235.67 a	7.91 ab	4 558.33 a
	N1F2	0.98 a	22.12 a	76.57 c	66.21 ab	231.67 a	7.89 bcd	3 544.67 c
	N2F2	0.90 ab	21.28 ab	73.07 cd	67.68 ab	234.00 a	7.74 e	3 418.33 c
	N3F2	0.88 b	21.96 a	81.83 b	62.41 b	241.00 a	7.85 cde	1 460.67 e
T3	CK	0.92 b	20.51 b	64.35 cd	75.25 b	232.67 ab	8.11 a	2 045.33 e
	N1F1	0.96 ab	22.02 a	66.40 bc	70.33 bcd	234.67 ab	7.85 b	3 685.33 c
	N2F1	0.89 b	22.27 a	63.72 cd	65.63 cd	234.33 ab	7.83 b	3 779.00 c
	N3F1	0.88 b	19.91 b	58.27 d	61.87 d	229.00 b	7.80 bc	4 428.67 b
	N1F2	1.05 a	21.84 a	79.00 a	72.28 bc	244.00 a	8.08 a	2 798.33 d
	N2F2	0.98 ab	22.34 a	72.45 ab	68.52 bcd	240.33 ab	7.84 b	3 892.00 c
	N3F2	0.93 b	22.94 a	66.22 bc	63.47 d	240.00 ab	7.71 c	6 081.67 a
T4	CK	0.91 cd	21.02 d	62.25 de	69.66 ab	221.00 d	7.94 ab	6 187.00 b
	N1F1	0.98 abc	25.06 ab	67.12 cd	70.07 ab	239.00 c	7.92 ab	2 167.00 f
	N2F1	0.92 bcd	23.10 c	66.05 cd	65.10 bc	230.00 cd	7.81 c	3 650.33 c
	N3F1	0.89 d	20.18 d	57.48 e	61.24 c	220.67 d	7.65 d	7 656.33 a
	N1F2	1.07 a	25.52 a	81.87 a	74.60 a	252.00 b	7.98 a	20 514 .00 e
	N2F2	1.01 ab	24.07 bc	73.28 b	69.43 ab	240.67 bc	7.87 bc	1 546.67 g
	N3F2	0.94 bcd	23.79 bc	67.70 c	61.51 c	242.00 bc	7.33 e	2 862.33 d

图5 土壤理化性质与细菌减氮配施有机肥处理α多样性的相关关系注：*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。

Fig. 5 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community α diversity under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer treatmentNote：* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

图6 减氮配施有机肥条件下土壤理化性质与细菌群落门水平的冗余分析注：图中每个点代表1个样本，3个颜色相同的点代表3个重复处理。

Fig. 6 RDA of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the phylum level under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer conditionsNote：Each dot in the figure represents 1 sample， 3 dots of same colour represent 3 replicate treatments.

图7 减氮配施有机肥条件下土壤理化性质与细菌群落门水平的相关关系注：*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。

Fig. 7 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the phylum level under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer conditionsNote：* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

图8 减氮配施有机肥条件下土壤理化性质与细菌群落属水平的冗余分析注：图中每个点代表1个样本，3个颜色相同的点代表3个重复处理。

Fig. 8 RDA of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the genus level under reduced nitrogenand organic fertilizer conditionsNote：Each dot in the figure represents 1 sample， 3 dots of same colour represent 3 replicate treatments.

图9 减氮配施有机肥条件下土壤理化性质与细菌群落属水平的相关关系注：*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。

Fig. 9 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the genus level under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer conditionsNote：* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

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氮肥减量配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落结构的影响

Influence of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Korla Pear Orchards

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