微生物来源纤维素酶的研究进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0502

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开发可再生能源是解决目前能源需求逐年增加和温室气体排放的有效措施。可再生能源包括太阳能、水能、风能、生物质能、波浪能、潮汐能、海洋温差能、地热能等，它们在自然界可以循环再生。其中，生物质能源利用的途径之一是生物炼制，它是利用生物质降解后发电、制气、产乙醇等燃料。降解生物质的重要方法是利用纤维素酶对纤维素进行水解。目前，工业纤维素酶主要来源于微生物。从以下5个方面介绍了微生物来源纤维素酶的研究进展：①产纤维素酶的微生物，包括真菌、细菌和放线菌等；②微生物来源纤维素酶的特性，主要包括纤维素酶的分类及特性、纤维素酶结构以及催化机制；③纤维素酶活性的测定方法；④提高纤维素酶产量及活性的方法；⑤纤维素酶的应用。通过对微生物来源纤维素酶研究进展的阐述，为筛选和开发高效纤维素酶提供参考。

关键词: 纤维素酶, 微生物, 生物质, 生物炼制, 可再生能源

Abstract:

Developing renewable energy is an effective measure to address the increasing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy includes solar energy， hydro energy， wind energy， biomass energy， wave energy， tidal energy， ocean temperature difference energy， geothermal energy， etc. They could be recycled and regenerated in nature. One of the ways to utilize biomass energy is through biorefinery， which utilizes biomass degradation to generate electricity， gas， ethanol， and other fuels. The important method for degrading biomass is to use cellulase to hydrolyze cellulose. At present， industrial cellulase mainly comes from microorganisms. The research progress of microbial derived cellulases was introduce from the following 5 aspects： ① microorganisms that produce cellulases， including fungi， bacteria， and actinomycetes； ② the characteristics of cellulase derived from microorganisms mainly include the classification and properties of cellulase， cellulase structure， and catalytic mechanism； ③ method for measuring cellulase activity； ④ methods for improving cellulase production and activity； ⑤ application of cellulase. The research progress of microbial derived cellulases was elaborated， which should provide reference for screening and developing efficient cellulases.

Key words: cellulase, microbial, biomass, biorefining, renewable energy

中图分类号:

S182

乔慧艳, 石雅丽, 韩昊健. 微生物来源纤维素酶的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(5): 21-38.

Huiyan QIAO, Yali SHI, Haojian HAN. Research Progress of Cellulase Derived from Microorganisms[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(5): 21-38.

图/表 9

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菌种类 Species of strain	来源 Source	最适pH Optimum pH	最适温度 Optimum temperature/℃	参考文献Reference
甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus	玉米地土壤 Corn field soil	4.0~5.0	50	［16］
枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	玉米地土壤 Corn field soil	4.0~5.0	50	［22］
枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	腐木 Rotten wood	7.0	34	［24］
地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis	汤池温泉水 Hot spring water of bathing pool	7.0	73	［25］
解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	山羊瘤胃内容物 Goat rumen contents	7.0	35	［26］
解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	堆肥 Compost	6.0	34	［27］
嗜热芽孢杆菌Bacillus thermoleovorans	土壤 Soil	9.0	70	［28］
蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus	瘤胃 Rumen	6.0	40	［29］
巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium	玉米地土壤 Corn field soil	6.0	50	［30］
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis	土壤 Soil	6.0	50	［31］
短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus	高温期堆肥 Composting during high temperature period	—	55~65	［32］
暹罗芽孢杆菌Bacillus siamensis	海鱼肠道 Intestine of marine fish	8.5	30	［33］
苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis	腐殖土壤 Humus soil	7.0~7.2	30	［34］

菌种类 Species of strain	来源 Source	最适pH Optimum pH	最适温度 Optimum temperature/℃	参考文献Reference
甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus	玉米地土壤 Corn field soil	4.0~5.0	50	［16］
枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	玉米地土壤 Corn field soil	4.0~5.0	50	［22］
枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	腐木 Rotten wood	7.0	34	［24］
地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis	汤池温泉水 Hot spring water of bathing pool	7.0	73	［25］
解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	山羊瘤胃内容物 Goat rumen contents	7.0	35	［26］
解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	堆肥 Compost	6.0	34	［27］
嗜热芽孢杆菌Bacillus thermoleovorans	土壤 Soil	9.0	70	［28］
蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus	瘤胃 Rumen	6.0	40	［29］
巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium	玉米地土壤 Corn field soil	6.0	50	［30］
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis	土壤 Soil	6.0	50	［31］
短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus	高温期堆肥 Composting during high temperature period	—	55~65	［32］
暹罗芽孢杆菌Bacillus siamensis	海鱼肠道 Intestine of marine fish	8.5	30	［33］
苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis	腐殖土壤 Humus soil	7.0~7.2	30	［34］

菌种类 Species of strain	纤维素酶类型 Cellulase type	酶活力 Enzyme activity/（U·mL^-1）	最适 pH Optimum pH	最适温度 Optimum temperature/℃	参考文献Reference
深红紫链霉菌 Streptomyces violaceorubidus	内切纤维素酶 Endoglucanase	289.0	—	50	［36］
	纤维素酶（滤纸酶活） Cellulase （filter paper enzyme activity）	281.0
	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	271.0
嗜热链球菌Fx-1 Thermophilus Fx-1	—	—	7.0	60	［37］
钉斑链霉菌 Streptomyces clavifer	内切纤维素酶 Endoglucanase	21.6	6.0	40	［41］
嗜热一氧化碳链霉菌 Streptomyces thermophilus	纤维素酶（滤纸酶活） Cellulase （filter paper enzyme activity）	135.5	—	—	［42］
链霉菌ND2-1 Streptomyces ND2-1	纤维素酶 Cellulase	122.0	7.0	25	［43］
远青链霉菌T23-B Streptomyces azureus T23-B	纤维素酶 Cellulase	123.4	—	15	［44］

菌种类 Species of strain	纤维素酶类型 Cellulase type	酶活力 Enzyme activity/（U·mL^-1）	最适 pH Optimum pH	最适温度 Optimum temperature/℃	参考文献Reference
深红紫链霉菌 Streptomyces violaceorubidus	内切纤维素酶 Endoglucanase	289.0	—	50	［36］
	纤维素酶（滤纸酶活） Cellulase （filter paper enzyme activity）	281.0
	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	271.0
嗜热链球菌Fx-1 Thermophilus Fx-1	—	—	7.0	60	［37］
钉斑链霉菌 Streptomyces clavifer	内切纤维素酶 Endoglucanase	21.6	6.0	40	［41］
嗜热一氧化碳链霉菌 Streptomyces thermophilus	纤维素酶（滤纸酶活） Cellulase （filter paper enzyme activity）	135.5	—	—	［42］
链霉菌ND2-1 Streptomyces ND2-1	纤维素酶 Cellulase	122.0	7.0	25	［43］
远青链霉菌T23-B Streptomyces azureus T23-B	纤维素酶 Cellulase	123.4	—	15	［44］

来源 Source	GenBank编号 GenBank number	外切纤维素酶 Exoglucanase	相对分子质量 Relative molecular mass/ku	最适pH Optimum pH	最适温度 Optimum temperature/℃	参考文献 Reference
里氏木霉 Trichoderma reesei	—	CBH Ⅰ，CBH Ⅱ	—	5.0	常温 Room temperature	［8］
绿色木霉 Trichoderma viride	—	CBH Ⅰ，CBH Ⅱ	65	5.5	45	［16］
康氏木霉 Trichoderma koningii	—	CBH Ⅰ	—	4.5~5.0	45~50	［17］
草酸青霉 Penicillium oxalate	HQ843504	CBH Ⅰ	—	6.0	55	［9］
草酸青霉 Penicillium oxalate	—	CBH Ⅰ	57	6.0	55	［9］
斜卧青霉 Penicillium decumbens	EF397602	CBH Ⅰ	53， 52， 57， 60， 47	7.4	—	［47］
蝇状青霉 Penicillium muscariforme	AJ312295	CBH Ⅰ	46	4.4	—	［47］
黑曲霉Asp-524 Aspergillus niger Asp-524	—	CBH B	57	5.0	50	［48］
地衣芽孢杆菌 Bacillus licheniformis	AAU40776.1	Cel A	79	9.0	50	［49］
短小芽孢杆菌 Bacillus pumilus	—	CBH Ⅱ	78	9.5	50	［50］
嗜热毁丝菌 Myceliophthora thermophila	—	CBH Ⅰ	72	5.0	50	［51］