中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 165-175.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0022
• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇
杜彩艳1(), 鲁海燕2(
), 熊艳竹2, 孙曦1, 孙秀梅2, 普继雄2, 张乃明3(
)
收稿日期:
2022-01-10
接受日期:
2022-05-07
出版日期:
2023-08-20
发布日期:
2023-09-07
通讯作者:
张乃明
作者简介:
杜彩艳 E-mail:caiyandu@126.com基金资助:
Caiyan DU1(), Haiyan LU2(
), Yanzhu XIONG2, Xi SUN1, Xiumei SUN2, Jixiong PU2, Naiming ZHANG3(
)
Received:
2022-01-10
Accepted:
2022-05-07
Online:
2023-08-20
Published:
2023-09-07
Contact:
Naiming ZHANG
摘要:
为研究不同比例沼液替代化肥对土壤性质和水蜜桃生长、产量、果实品质的影响,以6年生‘早香蜜桃’为试验材料,通过连续2年沼液(ZF)化肥(HF)配施的果园田间定位试验,以无肥处理(CK)为对照,复合肥(CF)研究等氮(N)量条件下0%(HF100%)、10%(HF90%+ZF10%)、20%(HF80%+ZF20%)、30%(HF70%+ZF30%)比例沼液氮替代化肥氮处理下土壤性质和水蜜桃生长、产量、果实品质的变化,结果表明,追施沼液2年后,不同施肥处理均能增加土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)含量;且沼液与化肥配施处理均可提高土壤pH。不同施肥处理均可明显提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,其中以HF70%+ZF30%处理的增幅最大,较CK分别显著提高44.31%、41.10%、75.14%。不同施肥处理均提高了土壤中交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效锰、有效铜和有效铁含量,其中HF70%+ZF30%处理的增加效果最明显,HF80%+ZF20%处理次之。与CK相比,不同施肥处理均能促进桃树生长,增加桃叶片氮、磷、钾和叶绿素含量及枝条充实,明显提高了果实产量,增产率0.80%~12.24%。不同施肥处理均提高了桃果实的果皮硬度及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc含量,降低了可滴定酸含量。综合比较发现,在本试验条件下以HF70%+ZF30%配施较适合桃的生长及其品质的提升,为沼液作肥料进行利用提供了科学依据。
中图分类号:
杜彩艳, 鲁海燕, 熊艳竹, 孙曦, 孙秀梅, 普继雄, 张乃明. 连续两年沼液与化肥配施对桃生长及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 165-175.
Caiyan DU, Haiyan LU, Yanzhu XIONG, Xi SUN, Xiumei SUN, Jixiong PU, Naiming ZHANG. Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Peach Growth and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Two Consecutive Years[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 165-175.
年份 Year | Pb | As | Cd | Hg | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | — | — | 0.019 | — | — | 0.20 | 0.81 | 4.18 |
2021 | — | — | 0.015 | — | — | 0.16 | 0.77 | 3.35 |
表 1 沼液中重金属含量 (mg·kg-1)
Table 1 Heavy metal content in biogas slurry
年份 Year | Pb | As | Cd | Hg | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | — | — | 0.019 | — | — | 0.20 | 0.81 | 4.18 |
2021 | — | — | 0.015 | — | — | 0.16 | 0.77 | 3.35 |
处理Treatment | 沼液/(kg·株-1) Biogas slurry/(kg·plant-1) | 尿素/(kg·株-1) Urea/(kg·plant-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | |
CK | — | — | — | — |
CF* | — | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
HF100% | — | — | 0.65 | 0.65 |
HF90%+ZF10% | 111.10 | 112.80 | 0.59 | 0.59 |
HF80%+ZF20% | 222.20 | 225.60 | 0.52 | 0.52 |
HF70%+ZF30% | 333.30 | 338.40 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
表 2 不同处理的施肥量
Table 2 Designing of the field experiment
处理Treatment | 沼液/(kg·株-1) Biogas slurry/(kg·plant-1) | 尿素/(kg·株-1) Urea/(kg·plant-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | |
CK | — | — | — | — |
CF* | — | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
HF100% | — | — | 0.65 | 0.65 |
HF90%+ZF10% | 111.10 | 112.80 | 0.59 | 0.59 |
HF80%+ZF20% | 222.20 | 225.60 | 0.52 | 0.52 |
HF70%+ZF30% | 333.30 | 338.40 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
指标Index | CK | CF | HF100% | HF90%+ZF10% | HF80%+ZF20% | HF70%+ZF30% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.49±0.07 a | 4.52±0.12 a | 4.45±0.16 a | 4.53±0.12 a | 4.74±0.26 a | 4.87±0.49 a |
土壤有机质SOM/(g·kg-1) | 43.20±1.74 a | 43.75±1.53 a | 43.25±3.37 a | 43.88±0.65 a | 44.67±0.66 a | 45.20±1.15 a |
表 3 不同施肥处理下的土壤pH和有机质含量
Table 3 Soil pH and organic matter content under different fertilization treatments
指标Index | CK | CF | HF100% | HF90%+ZF10% | HF80%+ZF20% | HF70%+ZF30% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.49±0.07 a | 4.52±0.12 a | 4.45±0.16 a | 4.53±0.12 a | 4.74±0.26 a | 4.87±0.49 a |
土壤有机质SOM/(g·kg-1) | 43.20±1.74 a | 43.75±1.53 a | 43.25±3.37 a | 43.88±0.65 a | 44.67±0.66 a | 45.20±1.15 a |
图 1 不同施肥处理下的土壤速效养分含量注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 1 Soil quick-available nutrient content under different fertilization treatmentsNote:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.
处理 Treatment | 交换性钙 Exchangeable Ca | 交换性镁Exchangeable Mg | 有效锌 Effective Zn | 有效锰 Effective Mn | 有效铜 Effective Cu | 有效铁 Effective Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 523.96±37.86 a | 133.33±17.21 a | 1.41±0.23 b | 15.92±1.09 b | 2.68±0.16 b | 22.12±2.20 b |
CF | 534.38±19.09 a | 149.27±13.51 a | 1.67±0.08 ab | 18.46±0.58 a | 2.82±0.25 b | 24.72±1.20 ab |
HF100% | 554.17±30.38 a | 142.71±14.77 a | 1.58±0.20 ab | 16.46±0.33 b | 2.81±0.12 b | 23.39±0.31 b |
HF90%+ZF10% | 557.29±30.38 a | 153.13±15.41 a | 1.65±0.09 ab | 19.33±1.65 a | 3.03±0.06 ab | 26.85±1.72 a |
HF80%+ZF20% | 584.90±44.00 a | 154.27±12.43 a | 1.60±0.12 ab | 20.09±0.81 a | 3.18±0.19 a | 27.58±2.02 a |
HF70%+ZF30% | 594.79±53.16 a | 168.75±17.68 a | 1.74±0.15 a | 20.23±1.35 a | 3.26±0.24 a | 27.20±2.01 a |
表 4 不同处理下土壤中微量元素的有效含量 (mg·kg-1)
Table 4 Available content of trace elements in soils under different treatments
处理 Treatment | 交换性钙 Exchangeable Ca | 交换性镁Exchangeable Mg | 有效锌 Effective Zn | 有效锰 Effective Mn | 有效铜 Effective Cu | 有效铁 Effective Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 523.96±37.86 a | 133.33±17.21 a | 1.41±0.23 b | 15.92±1.09 b | 2.68±0.16 b | 22.12±2.20 b |
CF | 534.38±19.09 a | 149.27±13.51 a | 1.67±0.08 ab | 18.46±0.58 a | 2.82±0.25 b | 24.72±1.20 ab |
HF100% | 554.17±30.38 a | 142.71±14.77 a | 1.58±0.20 ab | 16.46±0.33 b | 2.81±0.12 b | 23.39±0.31 b |
HF90%+ZF10% | 557.29±30.38 a | 153.13±15.41 a | 1.65±0.09 ab | 19.33±1.65 a | 3.03±0.06 ab | 26.85±1.72 a |
HF80%+ZF20% | 584.90±44.00 a | 154.27±12.43 a | 1.60±0.12 ab | 20.09±0.81 a | 3.18±0.19 a | 27.58±2.02 a |
HF70%+ZF30% | 594.79±53.16 a | 168.75±17.68 a | 1.74±0.15 a | 20.23±1.35 a | 3.26±0.24 a | 27.20±2.01 a |
图 2 不同处理下的桃叶片N、P、K含量注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 2 Contents of N, P and K in peach leaves under different treatmentsNote:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.
处理 Treatment | 枝条长度 Branch length/cm | 枝条粗度 Branch thickness | 叶绿素a 含量 Chlorophyll a content/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b 含量 Chlorophyll b content/(mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 41.78±1.56 a | 2.16±0.21 a | 2.03±0.01 b | 0.48±0.11 a |
CF | 43.46±2.77 a | 2.28±0.43 a | 2.28±0.08 a | 0.55±0.09 a |
HF100% | 42.65±2.42 a | 2.25±0.32 a | 2.27±0.10 a | 0.51±0.12 a |
HF90%+ZF10% | 43.67±1.43 a | 2.31±0.36 a | 2.31±0.12 a | 0.57±0.08 a |
HF80%+ZF20% | 44.11±2.52 a | 2.32±0.16 a | 2.36±0.09 a | 0.62±0.10 a |
HF70%+ZF30% | 44.94±3.33 a | 2.36±0.41 a | 2.39±0.11 a | 0.64±0.07 a |
表5 不同处理下的桃叶片和枝条生长情况
Tab. 5 Growth of peach leaves and branches under different treatments
处理 Treatment | 枝条长度 Branch length/cm | 枝条粗度 Branch thickness | 叶绿素a 含量 Chlorophyll a content/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b 含量 Chlorophyll b content/(mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 41.78±1.56 a | 2.16±0.21 a | 2.03±0.01 b | 0.48±0.11 a |
CF | 43.46±2.77 a | 2.28±0.43 a | 2.28±0.08 a | 0.55±0.09 a |
HF100% | 42.65±2.42 a | 2.25±0.32 a | 2.27±0.10 a | 0.51±0.12 a |
HF90%+ZF10% | 43.67±1.43 a | 2.31±0.36 a | 2.31±0.12 a | 0.57±0.08 a |
HF80%+ZF20% | 44.11±2.52 a | 2.32±0.16 a | 2.36±0.09 a | 0.62±0.10 a |
HF70%+ZF30% | 44.94±3.33 a | 2.36±0.41 a | 2.39±0.11 a | 0.64±0.07 a |
图 3 不同处理下的桃产量注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 3 Yield of peach under different treatmentsNote:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.
图 4 不同处理下的桃果实品质注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 4 Fruit quality of peach under different treatmentsNote:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.
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