紫外线对栽培营养废液的抑菌效应及营养成分影响研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究紫外线辐照对栽培营养废液中尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果以及营养成分的影响，以2种典型真菌即黄瓜和番茄专化型尖孢镰刀菌为材料，采用1.3、2.7、3.8 mW·cm^-2 3种辐照强度和1、3、5 min 3个辐照时间对营养废液进行灭菌试验。结果表明，在离体培养下，紫外线对2种病原真菌有明显抑制效果，且随着辐照剂量增加，菌丝生长缓慢，菌落形态皱缩，孢子生殖量及萌发率降低，在最高剂量1 140 mJ·cm^-2（3.8 mW·cm^-2、5 min）下实现100%抑菌率；同样在接种营养液下最高剂量处理显著抑制菌孢生长，杀灭率达到95%以上。经最高剂量紫外辐照后2种营养液中有机物去除率分别为92.3%、83.3%，而全氮、全磷含量无明显变化，表明紫外辐照在实现有效抑菌的同时易造成营养液中有机质损失而影响其后续的循环利用。以上研究结果为紫外杀菌技术在设施园艺栽培循环系统的应用提供基础数据。

关键词: 紫外辐射, 营养废液, 尖孢镰刀菌, 抑菌作用, 营养成分

Abstract:

To evaluate the antifungal effect of Fusarium oxysporum and composition of ultraviolet irradiation on nutritional wastewater， taking 2 typical fungi， Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Lycopersici as materials， and the sterilization experiment of nutrient wastewater was conducted， which 3 different levels of irradiation intensity according to 1.3， 2.7， 3.8 mW·cm^-2， and 3 irradiation time applications including 1， 3， 5 min were carried out. The results showed that， UV irradiation had obvious antifungal effect on 2 kinds of pathogenic fungi in vitro culture， and with the increase of irradiation dose， the mycelium grew slowly， the colony morphology shrank， the spore reproduction and the germination rate decreased， and 100% sterilization rate was achieved at the highest dose of 1 140 mJ·cm^-2 （3.8 mW·cm^-2， 5 min）. Similarly， the highest dose treatment under the inoculated nutrient solution significantly inhibited the growth of spores and reached a killing rate of more than 95%. In addition， after the highest dose of UV irradiation， the removal rates of organic matter in the 2 nutrient solutions were 92.3% and 83.3%， respectively， while the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus did not change significantly， which indicated that while UV irradiation could effectively disinfect， it would easily trigger the loss of organic matter in nutrient solution and affect its subsequent recycling. Above results provided basic data for the application of ultraviolet sterilization technology in the circulation system of facility horticulture.

Key words: ultraviolet irradiation, nutritional wastewater, Fusarium oxysporum, antifungal effect, nutrient composition

中图分类号:

S436.3

刘崇涛, 李同, 李洋洋, 刘壮壮, 蔡阳扬, 宋建超, 张万通, 尚斌, 陶秀萍. 紫外线对栽培营养废液的抑菌效应及营养成分影响研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(7): 166-173.

Chongtao LIU, Tong LI, Yangyang LI, Zhuangzhuang LIU, Yangyang CAI, Jianchao SONG, Wantong ZHANG, Bin SHANG, Xiuping TAO. Study on Antifungal Effect and Composition of Ultraviolet on Nutritional Wastewater[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(7): 166-173.

图/表 7

图1 紫外线照射后黄瓜和番茄专化型尖孢镰刀菌落生长情况

Fig. 1 Growth of FOC and FOL colony after ultraviolet irradiation

图2 紫外线照射下黄瓜和番茄专化型尖孢镰刀菌落直径和生长速率注：同一时间中不同的小写字母表示在P<0.05差异显著；**表示在P<0.01水平差异显著，ns表示差异不显著。

Fig. 2 Colony diameter and growth rate of FOC and FOL under ultraviolet irradiationNote： Different lowercase letters in same time indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level； ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level， and ns indicates no significant difference.

表1 紫外线照射下黄瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌的孢子萌发

Table 1 Spore germination ofFOC under ultraviolet irradiation

紫外强度 Ultraviolet intensity/（mW·cm^-2）	照射时间 Irradiation time/min	产孢量 Sporulation yield/（10³ CFU·mL^-1）	孢子萌发率 Spore germination rate/%
U1.3	T1	12.62 a	82.5 a
	T3	9.71 b	57.8 b
	T5	4.85 d	30.7 c
U2.7	T1	9.51 b	62.0 b
	T3	5.65 cd	27.3 c
	T5	0.46 e	2.2 d
U3.8	T1	5.82 c	33.3 c
	T3	0.84 e	0.8 d
	T5	0.00 e	0.0 d
紫外强度U		**	**
照射时间T		**	**
紫外强度×照射时间 U×T		**	**

表2 紫外线照射下番茄专化型尖孢镰刀菌孢子的萌发

Table 2 Spore germination ofFOL under ultraviolet irradiation

紫外强度 Ultraviolet intensity/（mW·cm^-2）	照射时间 Irradiation time/min	产孢量 Sporulation yield/（10³ CFU·mL^-1）	孢子萌发率 Spore germination rate/%
U1.3	T1	13.35 a	88.5 a
	T3	10.75 b	61.3 b
	T5	6.63 e	30.3 cd
U2.7	T1	11.50 b	65.0 b
	T3	7.95 d	27.9 d
	T5	1.17 f	6.1 e
U3.8	T1	8.95 c	35.1 c
	T3	1.41 f	3.3 ef
	T5	0.00 g	0.0 f
紫外强度U		**	**
照射时间T		**	**
紫外强度×照射时间 U×T		**	**

表3 紫外线照射对营养液中黄瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌的杀灭效果

Table 3 Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on FOC in nutrient solution

紫外强度 Ultraviolet intensity/（mW·cm^-2）	照射时间 Irradiation time/min	产孢量 Sporulation yield/（CFU·mL^-1）	抑菌率 Inhibition rate/%
U1.3	T1	842.1 a	29.8 g
	T3	531.5 c	55.7 e
	T5	190.0 f	84.2 b
U2.7	T1	683.3 b	43.1 f
	T3	296.0 e	75.3 c
	T5	125.5 fg	89.6 ab
U3.8	T1	425.7 d	64.6 d
	T3	136.6 fg	88.7 ab
	T5	10.2 g	99.2 a
紫外强度U		**	**
照射时间T		**	**
紫外强度×照射时间 U×T		**	**

表4 紫外线照射对营养液中番茄专化型尖孢镰刀菌的杀灭效果

Table 4 Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on FOL in nutrient solution

紫外强度 Ultraviolet intensity/（mW·cm^-2）	照射时间 Irradiation time/min	产孢量 Sporulation yield/（CFU·mL^-1）	抑菌率 Inhibition rate/%
U1.3	T1	1 242.5 a	10.3 f
	T3	899.4 c	35.1 d
	T5	684.0 d	50.6 c
U2.7	T1	1 021.6 b	26.2 e
	T3	659.1 d	52.4 c
	T5	332.3 e	76.0 b
U3.8	T1	840.2 c	39.3 d
	T3	301.3 e	78.2 b
	T5	62.4 f	95.5 a
紫外强度U		**	**
照射时间T		**	**
紫外强度×照射时间 U×T		*	*

图3 紫外线照射下黄瓜和番茄专化型营养液中全氮、全磷和有机质的含量注：同一时间中不同的小写字母表示在P<0.05显著差异；**表示在P<0.01水平差异显著，ns表示差异不显著。

Fig. 3 Contents of total nitrogen， total phosphorus and organic matter in FOC and FOL nutrient solution under ultraviolet irradiationNote： Different lowercase letters in same time indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level； ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level， and ns indicates no significant difference.

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