生物有机肥替代化肥对葡萄生长与土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0914

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确生物有机肥替代化肥对‘赤霞珠’葡萄产量、品质与土壤肥力的影响，于2019—2020年设置传统水肥（CK）、优化水肥（Opt）及优化水肥中化肥氮的20%（B1）和40%（B2）分别由生物有机肥替代，比较不同处理下的土壤养分含量及葡萄的产量和品质。结果表明，优化水肥及施用生物有机肥替代部分化肥能较好地改善土壤理化性质，提升土壤肥力，促进葡萄生长。其中，B1处理可显著增加葡萄园经济效益，2年平均收益较CK提高33.59%；B2处理提升土壤肥力效果较好，与CK相比，成熟期0—40 cm土层的pH与硝态氮含量均有降低，有机质显著增加，与Opt处理相比，成熟期0—40 cm土层土壤的有效磷、速效钾含量分别显著提升109.90%、32.20%。由此表明，生物有机肥替代部分化肥是实现果园高效、安全、持续生产的有效途径。

关键词: 生物有机肥替代, 产量, 品质, 土壤肥力, 赤霞珠

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the yield， quality and soil fertility of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape， 4 treatments were set in 2019—2020， including traditional water-fertilization （CK）， optimized water and fertilizer management （Opt）， and nitrogen fertilizer in the optimized water and fertilizer management replaced by bio-organic fertilizer with 20% （B1） and 40% （B2）， respecteively. The nutrition content in soil and yield， quality of grape under different treatments were compared. The results showed that optimized water and fertilizer management and using bio-organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer could improve soil physicochemical property， enhance soil fertility and promote the growth of grape. B1 treatment could significantly increase the economic profits of vineyards， and the average income in 2019 and 2020 increased by 33.59% compared with CK. B2 treatment could improve soil fertility better. Compared with CK， the pH and nitrate nitrogen content of B2 in 0—40 cm soil layer at maturity stage decreased， while organic matter increased significantly. Compared with Opt treatment， the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium of B2 in 0—40 cm soil layer at maturity stage significantly increased by 109.90% and 32.20%， respectively. Therefore， using bio-organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer was an effective approach to achieve efficient， safe and sustainable production of orchards.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer replacement, production, quality, soil fertility, cabernet sauvignon

中图分类号:

S663.1

韩秀丽, 李嘉伟, 张杰, 郭艳杰, 张丽娟, 吉艳芝. 生物有机肥替代化肥对葡萄生长与土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 195-205.

Xiuli HAN, Jiawei LI, Jie ZHANG, Yanjie GUO, Lijuan ZHANG, Yanzhi JI. Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Grape Growth and Soil Fertility[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 195-205.

图/表 10

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处理 Treatment	养分投入 Nutrientinput/（kg·hm^-2）			生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer/（kg·hm^-2）			灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
CK	176	118	222	0	0	0	1 080
Opt	147	98	185	0	0	0	840
B1	118	69	164	29	29	21	840
B2	89	40	143	58	58	42	840

处理 Treatment	养分投入 Nutrientinput/（kg·hm^-2）			生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer/（kg·hm^-2）			灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
CK	176	118	222	0	0	0	1 080
Opt	147	98	185	0	0	0	840
B1	118	69	164	29	29	21	840
B2	89	40	143	58	58	42	840

处理 Treatment	总酚 Total phenol/（mg·g^-1）		单宁 Tannin/（mg·g^-1）		花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
处理 Treatment	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
CK	28.37±8.19 ab	7.40±1.76 a	6.27±3.95 b	1.17±0.29 b	1.02±0.74 a	16.87±1.25 a	1.19±0.01 a	14.22±0.99 b
Opt	31.09±7.55 ab	6.91±1.37 a	12.07±4.31 ab	1.67±0.82 ab	1.02±0.27 a	16.97±0.67 a	1.23±0.18 a	13.99±2.17 b
B1	23.12±1.89 b	7.25±2.49 a	7.25±3.84 b	0.98±0.54 b	0.82±0.06 b	17.80±0.36 a	1.02±0.21 ab	18.04±3.88 ab
B2	21.05±5.31 b	6.80±1.40 a	15.35±4.45 a	2.21±0.86 a	1.10±0.25 a	17.17±1.85 a	0.87±0.07 b	19.70±0.53 a

处理 Treatment	总酚 Total phenol/（mg·g^-1）		单宁 Tannin/（mg·g^-1）		花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
处理 Treatment	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
CK	28.37±8.19 ab	7.40±1.76 a	6.27±3.95 b	1.17±0.29 b	1.02±0.74 a	16.87±1.25 a	1.19±0.01 a	14.22±0.99 b
Opt	31.09±7.55 ab	6.91±1.37 a	12.07±4.31 ab	1.67±0.82 ab	1.02±0.27 a	16.97±0.67 a	1.23±0.18 a	13.99±2.17 b
B1	23.12±1.89 b	7.25±2.49 a	7.25±3.84 b	0.98±0.54 b	0.82±0.06 b	17.80±0.36 a	1.02±0.21 ab	18.04±3.88 ab
B2	21.05±5.31 b	6.80±1.40 a	15.35±4.45 a	2.21±0.86 a	1.10±0.25 a	17.17±1.85 a	0.87±0.07 b	19.70±0.53 a

生育期 Stage	处理Treatment	土层 Soil layer/cm
生育期 Stage	处理Treatment	0—20	20—40	40—60	60—80	80—100
萌芽期 Budding stage	CK	8.13±0.02αb	8.29±0.01 αa	8.31±0.02 αa	8.33±0.01 αb	8.39±0.03 αa
	Opt	8.09±0.06 αb	8.24±0.01 αa	8.27±0.02 αa	8.32±0.01 αa	8.34±0.01 αa
	B1	8.14±0.09 αa	8.26±0.04 αa	8.29±0.05 αa	8.33±0.04 αa	8.25±0.11 αa
	B2	8.11±0.07 αa	8.24±0.05 αa	8.27±0.01 αa	8.31±0.04 αa	8.33±0.11 αa
开花期 Flowering stage	CK	8.11±0.09 αb	8.31±0.05 αa	8.30±0.01 αa	8.28±0.05 αb	8.36±0.01 αa
	Opt	8.11±0.04 αb	8.28±0.05 αa	8.29±0.06 αa	8.29±0.06 αa	8.36±0.03 αa
	B1	8.07±0.06 αa	8.30±0.05 αa	8.26±0.04 αa	8.31±0.05 αa	8.28±0.04 αa
	B2	8.15±0.02 αa	8.19±0.06 αab	8.25±0.04 αa	8.29±0.04 αa	8.30±0.04 αa
膨大期 Expansion stage	CK	8.23±0.06 αb	8.33±0.07 αa	8.29±0.05 αa	8.29±0.06 αb	8.38±0.05 αa
	Opt	8.21±0.09 αab	8.39±0.16 αa	8.29±0.04 αa	8.25±0.04 αa	8.35±0.10 αa
	B1	8.07±0.03 αa	8.30±0.05 αa	8.26±0.07 αa	8.31±0.09 αa	8.28±0.09 αa
	B2	8.15±0.07 αa	8.19±0.07 αab	8.25±0.11 αa	8.29±0.03 αa	8.30±0.08 αa
成熟期 Mature stage	CK	8.35±0.06 αa	8.41±0.14 αa	8.33±0.14 αa	8.41±0.04 αa	8.33±0.04 αa
	Opt	8.26±0.07 αa	8.38±0.05 αa	8.31±0.05 αa	8.34±0.03 αa	8.31±0.09 αa
	B1	8.11±0.01 βa	8.16±0.06 βb	8.20±0.09 αa	8.27±0.15 αa	8.27±0.08 αa
	B2	7.97±0.04 γb	8.14±0.01 βb	8.21±0.05 αa	8.24±0.02 αa	8.25±0.04 αa