不同生物利用度碳源对蚯蚓堆肥影响分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1026

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7): 199-209.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1026

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

不同生物利用度碳源对蚯蚓堆肥影响分析

孔令玮¹^,²(), 王孔檀¹^,³, 麦力文¹^,⁴, 伍玉鹏², 王熊飞⁵, 王朝弼⁵, 林嘉聪¹^,⁴(), 李勤奋¹^,⁴()

^1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所，农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室，海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室，海口 570011
^2.华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070
^3.海南大学生态与环境学院，海口 570228
^4.海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，国家农业环境儋州观测实验站，国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测儋州试验站，海南儋州 571737
^5.海南省土壤肥料总站，海口 571100

收稿日期:2022-11-24 接受日期:2023-03-21 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-12
通讯作者: 林嘉聪,李勤奋
作者简介:孔令玮E-mail： klwdqy@163.com
基金资助:
海南省科技创新人才项目(KJRC2023D20);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021009);海南省自然科学基金项目(442QN368);中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项(1630042022002)

Effects of Carbon Source with Different Bioavailability on Vermicomposting

Lingwei KONG¹^,²(), Kongtan WANG¹^,³, Liwen MAI¹^,⁴, Yupeng WU², Xiongfei WANG⁵, Zhaobi WANG⁵, Jiacong LIN¹^,⁴(), Qinfen LI¹^,⁴()

^1.Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical region of China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，China Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-circular Agriculture，Environmental and Plant Protection Institute，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Haikou 570011，China
^2.College of Resources and Environment，Huazhong Agriculture University，Wuhan 430070，China
^3.College of Ecology and Environment，Hainan University，Haikou 570228，China
^4.Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station，National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment，National Long-term Experimental Station for Agriculture Green Development，Hainan Danzhou 571737，China
^5.Hainan Provincial General Station of Soil and Fertilizer，Haikou 571100，China

Received:2022-11-24 Accepted:2023-03-21 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-07-12
Contact: Jiacong LIN,Qinfen LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统蚯蚓堆肥原料配制依赖质量比、体积比或碳氮比（C/N）的配制方法，忽略了不同碳源有机质生物可利用组分的差异，存在不合理性。为探究不同生物可利用度碳源对蚯蚓生长繁殖和堆肥碳氮固定的影响，在C/N=30下，以牛粪（氮源）和生物利用度低、中、高的碳源物料（菠萝皮渣、水稻秸秆和番茄秸秆）复配，开展60 d蚯蚓堆肥试验。结果表明，蚯蚓日均增数量最高达6.4倍。易利用碳源菠萝皮渣处理中腐殖质含量最高，为15.11%，但总有机碳固定率最低，仅39.63%；添加难利用碳源番茄秸秆处理组中的蚯蚓总数最高，为385条，且总氮固定率最高。生物利用度高的碳源废弃物占比越高，蚯蚓增重越大；生物利用度低的碳源废弃物占比越高，可促进蚯蚓繁殖；蚯蚓转化后的蚓粪总有机碳固定率为39.63%~59.28%，全氮固定率为65.04%~95.59%。碳源生物可利用度增大时，蚯蚓堆肥体系中的总有机碳固定率降低，而总氮的固定率升高。以上研究结果阐明了原料中不同利用度碳源对蚯蚓生产和碳氮固持的影响规律，为蚯蚓高效养殖与绿色低碳的固废堆肥处理工艺改进提供参考借鉴。

关键词: 生物利用度, 碳源, 蚯蚓, 蚯蚓堆肥, 碳氮

Abstract:

Traditional vermicomposting raw material formulation relies on mass ratio， volume ratio， or carbon nitroger ratio（C/N） formulation methods， which ignore the differences in bioavailable fractions of organic matter from different carbon sources and are irrational. To investigate the effects of different bioavailable carbon sources on the growth and reproduction of earthworms and carbon and nitrogen fixation of compost， this study conducted a 60 d vermicomposting experiment with a compound of cow manure （nitrogen source） and carbon source materials with low， medium and high bioavailability （pineapple peel residue， rice straw and tomato straw） at C/N 30. The results showed that the average daily increase of earthworms was up to 6.4 times. The highest humus content （15.11%） but the lowest total organic carbon fixation rate （39.63%） was found in the treatment with the easy-to-use carbon source pineapple peel residue； the highest total number of earthworms （385） and the highest total nitrogen fixation rate were found in the treatment group with the difficult-to-use carbon source tomato straw. The higher the proportion of carbon source waste with high bioavailability， the greater the earthworm weight gain； the higher the proportion of carbon source waste with low bioavailability， the higher it could promote earthworm reproduction； the total organic carbon fixation rate of earthworm manure after earthworm transformation ranged from 39.63% to 59.28%， and the total nitrogen fixation rate ranged from 65.04% to 95.59%. This study illustrated the effects of different carbon sources on earthworm production and carbon and nitrogen fixation， and provided a reference for the improvement of vermiculture and low-carbon solid waste composting process.

Key words: bioavailability, carbon source, earthworms, vermicomposting, carbon and nitrogen

中图分类号:

S141.4

孔令玮, 王孔檀, 麦力文, 伍玉鹏, 王熊飞, 王朝弼, 林嘉聪, 李勤奋. 不同生物利用度碳源对蚯蚓堆肥影响分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(7): 199-209.

Lingwei KONG, Kongtan WANG, Liwen MAI, Yupeng WU, Xiongfei WANG, Zhaobi WANG, Jiacong LIN, Qinfen LI. Effects of Carbon Source with Different Bioavailability on Vermicomposting[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(7): 199-209.

图/表 9

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指标 Index	菠萝皮渣 Pineapple peel	水稻秸秆 Rice straw	番茄秸秆 Tomato straw	牛粪 Cow manure
pH	4.69±0.11	7.79±0.01	7.60±0.01	7.39±0.04
电导率Electrical conductivity/（mS·cm^-1）	3.93±0.03	3.62±0.04	1.91±0.01	1.98±0.01
总有机碳TOC/%	37.52±0.23	36.41±0.11	42.51±0.32	41.12±0.21
全氮TN/%	0.59±0.01	0.58±0.02	1.01±0.01	1.96±0.02
碳氮比C/N	63.59	62.77	42.09	20.98

指标 Index	菠萝皮渣 Pineapple peel	水稻秸秆 Rice straw	番茄秸秆 Tomato straw	牛粪 Cow manure
pH	4.69±0.11	7.79±0.01	7.60±0.01	7.39±0.04
电导率Electrical conductivity/（mS·cm^-1）	3.93±0.03	3.62±0.04	1.91±0.01	1.98±0.01
总有机碳TOC/%	37.52±0.23	36.41±0.11	42.51±0.32	41.12±0.21
全氮TN/%	0.59±0.01	0.58±0.02	1.01±0.01	1.96±0.02
碳氮比C/N	63.59	62.77	42.09	20.98

指标 Index	菠萝皮渣 Pineapple peel	水稻秸秆 Rice straw	番茄秸秆 Tomato straw	牛粪 Cow manure
易利用有机碳含量LCP1 content/（g·kg^-1）	197.71±1.13	91.13±0.81	128.31±1.24	133.13±0.90
中等利用度有机碳含量LCP2 content/（g·kg^-1）	173.10±0.64	108.33±0.80	63.42±0.90	18.50±0.21
非活性有机碳含量RCP content/（g·kg^-1）	4.42±0.11	164.21±0.90	233.22±1.20	202.06±1.30
易利用碳素有效率ACC1/%	52.69±0.31	25.05±0.24	30.20±0.60	32.30±0.11
中等利用碳素有效率ACC2/%	46.13±0.22	29.78±0.30	14.92±0.20	18.54±0.33
碳素有效率ACC/%	50.91±0.44	54.84±0.52	27.23±0.20	50.91±0.44

指标 Index	菠萝皮渣 Pineapple peel	水稻秸秆 Rice straw	番茄秸秆 Tomato straw	牛粪 Cow manure
易利用有机碳含量LCP1 content/（g·kg^-1）	197.71±1.13	91.13±0.81	128.31±1.24	133.13±0.90
中等利用度有机碳含量LCP2 content/（g·kg^-1）	173.10±0.64	108.33±0.80	63.42±0.90	18.50±0.21
非活性有机碳含量RCP content/（g·kg^-1）	4.42±0.11	164.21±0.90	233.22±1.20	202.06±1.30
易利用碳素有效率ACC1/%	52.69±0.31	25.05±0.24	30.20±0.60	32.30±0.11
中等利用碳素有效率ACC2/%	46.13±0.22	29.78±0.30	14.92±0.20	18.54±0.33
碳素有效率ACC/%	50.91±0.44	54.84±0.52	27.23±0.20	50.91±0.44

处理 Treatment	易利用有机碳含量 LCP1 content/%	中等利用度有机碳含量 LCP2 content/%	非活性有机碳含量 RCP content/%
PCM	41.51	30.96	27.53
RCM	29.05	23.64	47.31
TCM	31.10	16.42	52.48
CM	32.37	18.54	49.13

不同生物利用度碳源对蚯蚓堆肥影响分析

Effects of Carbon Source with Different Bioavailability on Vermicomposting

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类别Type	指标Index	时间Time/d	CM	PCM	RCM	TCM
蚯蚓繁殖Earthworm propagation	总数 Total number	0	15 β	15 α	15 β	15 β
	总数 Total number	60	93±11.01 αc	19±7.02 αd	344±11.21 αb	385±11.02 αa
	幼蚓数 Number of juvenile earthworms	0	—	—	—	—
	幼蚓数 Number of juvenile earthworms	60	81±3.54 c	6±0.21 d	336±5.17 b	375±4.21 a
	成蚓数 Number of adult earthworms	0	15 α	15 α	15 α	15 α
	成蚓数 Number of adult earthworms	60	12±0.58 αa	14±2.12 αa	8±2.30 βb	10±2.83 βb
	蚓茧数 Cocoon number	60	46±0.21 b	27±3.54 c	37±6.01 b	61±8.49 a
	总增数量 Total increment	60	78±0.07 c	4±0.03 d	329±0.04 b	370±1.12 a
	日增数量 Daily incremental number	60	1.30 c	0.07 d	5.72 b	6.41 a
蚯蚓生长 Earthworm growth	总质量 Total mass/g	0	4.00±0.03 βa	4.00±0.02 βa	3.90±0.01 βa	4.10±0.04 βa
	总质量 Total mass/g	60	6.50±0.82 αb	7.90±0.88 αb	15.50±3.31 αa	16.10±0.13 αa
	幼蚓质量 Mass of juvenile earthworms/g	0	—	—	—	—
	幼蚓质量 Mass of juvenile earthworms/g	60	1.73±0.53 b	0.06±0.01 c	10.90±1.74 a	11.00±0.31 a
	成蚓质量 Mass of adult earthworms/g	0	4.05±0.12 αa	4.01±0.02 βa	3.90±0.05 αa	4.10±0.11 αa
	成蚓质量 Mass of adult earthworms/g	60	4.80±0.29 αb	7.80±0.79 αa	4.50±0.61 αb	5.10±0.18 αb
	单只幼蚓质量/g Mass of single juvenile earthworm/g	0	—	—	—	—
	单只幼蚓质量/g Mass of single juvenile earthworm/g	60	0.02±0.003 a	0.01±0.001 a	0.03±0.003 a	0.03±0.005 b
	单只成蚓质量 Mass of single adult earthworm/g	0	0.27±0.03 βa	0.27±0.02 βa	0.26±0.02 βa	0.27±0.01 βa
	单只成蚓质量 Mass of single adult earthworm/g	60	0.40±0.04 αb	0.60±0.02 αa	0.60±0.16 αa	0.50±0.09 αb
	总增质量 Gross mass gain/g	60	2.61±0.97 b	3.91±0.88 c	11.60±3.45 a	12.32±0.34 a
	日增质量 Daily incremental mass gain/（g·d^-1）	60	0.04±0.01 c	0.07±0.01 b	0.19±0.02 a	0.21±0.03 a

参数 Parameter	成蚓质量 Mass of adult earthworms	幼蚓质量 Mass of young earthworms	成蚓数 Number of adult earthworms	幼蚓数 Number of young earthworms	TOC固定率 Fixed rate of TOC	TN固定率Fixed rate of TN
总有机碳TOC	0.65	1.26	1.42	1.28	1.52	1.31
全氮TN	0.67	0.42	0.70	0.43	0.43	0.42
易利用有机碳LCP1	1.24	1.31	1.37	1.32	1.32	1.36
中等利用有机LCP2	0.99	1.14	0.95	1.14	1.12	1.15
难利用有机碳RCP	1.05	1.56	0.84	1.56	1.52	1.56
碳素活度AC	1.12	0.43	0.89	0.43	0.26	0.43
易利用碳素活度AC1	1.15	0.32	0.95	0.32	0.32	0.33
中等利用碳素活度AC2	1.09	0.29	0.85	0.29	0.29	0.29
碳素有效率ACC	1.09	0.16	0.87	0.16	0.15	0.16
易利用碳素有效率ACC1	1.15	0.13	1.17	0.13	0.13	0.13
中等利用碳素有效率ACC2	0.96	0.13	0.90	0.13	0.13	0.13
活性有机碳LCP	1.13	1.45	0.95	1.44	1.42	1.46
活性有机碳/全氮LCP/TN	0.84	1.37	0.85	1.37	1.36	1.36
易利用有机碳/全氮 LCP1/TN	0.81	1.13	1.11	1.13	1.17	1.15
中等利用有机碳/全氮LCP2/TN	0.82	1.01	0.84	1.01	0.98	0.99
难利用有机碳/全氮RCP/TN	1.07	1.52	0.95	1.52	1.50	1.49

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