有机肥对玉溪植烟土壤有机质组分和微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0932

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步明确有机肥增施对植烟土壤微生态环境的影响及其内在相互作用，通过田间试验，在常规化学肥料基础上分别增施0、3 000、6 000和12 000 kg·hm^-2有机肥，研究其对土壤有机质组分、理化性质及微生物群落特征的影响。结果表明，增施有机肥显著提升了植烟土壤pH及有机质和速效养分含量；随着有机肥施入量的增加，土壤颗粒有机质、水溶性有机碳、微生物量碳氮及轻组有机质含量均呈现增加趋势，其中有机质含量提升7%~28%，速效钾含量提升10%~61%，微生物量碳提升14%~20%，微生物量氮提升24%以上。增施有机肥处理提高植烟土壤细菌与真菌的ACE指数，土壤中变形菌门、担子菌门、枝顶孢霉属、假单胞菌属等有益菌群的丰度明显增加；Bryobacter、Haliangium等菌群丰度明显降低，且其丰度与土壤活性有机质含量呈负相关。综上所述，增施有机肥刺激了土壤有益微生物菌群的生长和繁殖，提高了植烟土壤活性有机质组分含量，改善了土壤理化性状。

关键词: 有机肥, 有机质, 微生物, 理化性质, 群落结构

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the effects of increased application of organic fertilizer on the microecological environment of tobacco-growing soil and its internal interaction， a field experiment was conducted to apply organic fertilizer （0， 3 000， 6 000 and 12 000 kg·hm^-2）. The effects on composition， physicochemical properties and microbial community characteristics of soil organic matter were studied. The results showed that increased application of organic fertilizer significantly increased pH， organic matter and available nutrient contents of tobacco-growing soil. With the increase of organic fertilizer application amount， the contents of soil particulate organic matter， water-soluble organic carbon， microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and light organic matter showed increasing trend， which organic matter content increased by 7%~28%， available potassium content increased by 10%~61%， microbial biomass carbon increased by 14%~20% and microbial biomass nitrogen increased more than 24%. The ACE indexes of bacteria and fungi in tobacco-planting soil were increased with the application of organic fertilizer. And the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria， Basidiomycetes， Cladosporium and Pseudomonas in soil were increased obviously. The relative abundances of Bryobacter and Haliangium decreased significantly， and were negatively correlated with active organic matter. In conclusion， the application of organic fertilizer stimulated the growth and propagation of soil microbial community， increased the active organic matter component of tobacco planting soil， and improved soil physical and chemical properties.

Key words: organic fertilizer, organic matter, microbial, physical and chemical properties, community structure

中图分类号:

S134

王兴松, 王娜, 杜宇, 周鹏, 王戈, 贾孟, 徐照丽, 白羽祥. 有机肥对玉溪植烟土壤有机质组分和微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 201-212.

Xingsong WANG, Na WANG, Yu DU, Peng ZHOU, Ge WANG, Meng JIA, Zhaoli XU, Yuxiang BAI. Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Organic Matter Composition and Microbial Community Structure of Tobacco-Growing Soil in Yuxi[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 201-212.

图/表 13

表1 供试土壤基本养分性状

Table 1 Basic nutrient properties of tested soil

有机质

OM/（g·kg^-1）

全氮

TN/（g·kg^-1）

全磷

TP/（g·kg^-1）

全钾

TK/（g·kg^-1）

碱解氮

AN/（mg·kg^-1）

有效磷

AP/（mg·kg^-1）

速效钾

AK/（mg·kg^-1）

表2 不同处理下的植烟土壤颗粒有机质组成

Table 2 Organic matter composition of tobacco planting soil particles under different treatments

指标Index		G1	G2	G3	G4
含量Content/（g·kg^-1）	粗颗粒有机质 cPOM	5.39±0.12 d	8.63±0.15 c	12.25±0.23 b	14.71±0.56 a
	细颗粒有机质fPOM	2.56±0.35 c	3.10±0.03 b	3.46±0.03 b	3.74±0.10 a
	矿物结合有机质MOM	19.78±0.24 a	18.04±0.18 b	17.95±0.68 b	16.98±0.24 c
占比Percentage/%	矿物结合有机质 MOM	71.33±2.51 a	60.60±4.44 b	53.33±0.78 c	47.93±2.95 d
	粗颗粒有机质 cPOM	19.44±0.11 d	28.99±2.05 c	36.40±0.31 b	41.52±0.78 a
	细颗粒有机质 fPOM	9.23±0.13 b	10.41±0.02 a	10.27±1.02 a	10.56±0.07 a

图1 不同处理下对植烟土壤水溶性有机碳组分与比例注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Composition and proportion of water-soluble organic carbon in tobacco-growing soil under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters of the same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同处理下对植烟土壤微生物量碳、氮含量和比例注：同一指标不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 The content and proportion of carbon， nitrogen and nitrogen were treated differentlyNote： Different lowercase letters of the same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同处理下植烟土壤轻组有机质和土壤重组有机质组成注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Light organic matter and reconstituted organic matter in tobacco-growing soil under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.

表3 不同处理下的植烟土壤理化性质

Table 3 Physicochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil under different treatments

处理Treatment	pH	有机质OM/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮AN/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）
G1	6.22±0.04 b	27.73±1.10 c	96.55±3.38 b	16.09±0.03 b	543.33±22.04 d
G2	6.41±0.04 a	29.77±2.25 b	98.52±0.28 b	16.73±0.48 b	598.47±11.33 c
G3	6.37±0.05 a	33.65±0.51 a	111.33±4.08 a	17.92±0.68 a	670.00±5.73 b
G4	6.34±0.05 a	35.43±1.22 a	113.42±2.34 a	18.35±0.50 a	873.33±27.35 a

图4 门分类水平土壤样本细菌和真菌群落结构

Fig. 4 Community structure of bacteria and fungus in soil samples at phylum classification level

图5 属分类水平土壤样本细菌和真菌群落结构

Fig. 5 Community structure of bacteria and fungus in soil samples at the genus level

图6 属分类水平土壤样本细菌和真菌群落的Alpha多样性

Fig. 6 Alpha diversity of bacterial and fungus community in soil samples at genus level

图7 细菌与真菌群落的主坐标分析

Fig. 7 PCoA analysis of bacterial and fungal community

图8 细菌、真菌LEfSe多级物种差异判别分析

Fig. 8 LEfSe multistage discriminant analysis of bacteria and fungus

图9 优势菌属与理化性质、有机质组分的相关性分析注：HFOM—重组有机质；MBC—微生物量碳；MBN—微生物量氮；fPOM—细颗粒有机质；OM—有机质；cPOM—粗颗粒有机质；AP—有效磷；AK—速效钾；AN—碱解氮；MOM—矿物结合有机质。

Fig. 9 Correlation analysis of dominant bacteria genera with physicochemical properties and organic matter componentsNote： HFOM—Heavy fraction organic matter；MBC—Microbial biomass carbon；MBN—Microbial biomass nitrogen；fPOM—Fine organic matter； OM—Organic matter；cPOM—Coarse organic matter；AP—Available phosphorus；AK—Available potassium；AN—Hydrolyzed nitrogen；MOM—Minerals combine organic matter.

表4 土壤有机质组分与理化性状及微生物菌属逐步回归分析

Table 4 Stepwise regression analysis of soil organic matter components， physicochemical properties and microbial genera

指标Index	偏回归方程Partial regression equation	标准化系数Normalization coefficient	R²
微生物量氮MBN	Y=-6.311+0.17AK	0.948	0.996^**
微生物量碳MBC	Y=33.576+1.845OM+0.139Sporothrix	0.829； 0.298	0.914^**
粗颗粒占土壤百分比cPOM%	Y=-19.006+0.983OM	0.952	0.906^**
矿物结合有机质MOM	Y=102.173-3.154AP+0.475Haliangium	-0.563； 0.475	0.838^**
土壤有机质OM	Y=-85.328+0.317AN+13.248pH	0.796； 0.338	0.916^**

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