生物质炭对镉铅污染土壤线虫群落的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究连续施用改性生物质炭对农田镉铅污染土壤修复及线虫群落的影响，以改性生物质炭为材料，开展连施改性生物质炭2、3、4和5年的定位试验。通过测定小麦籽粒和土壤有效态镉铅含量，探究改性生物质炭持续钝化土壤镉铅的能力，并利用高通量测序技术，探究改性生物质炭对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果表明，改性生物质炭能显著降低小麦籽粒和土壤有效态镉铅含量，其中，小麦籽粒镉含量降幅为21%~35%，小麦籽粒铅含量降幅为27%~39%；土壤有效态镉铅含量降幅分别为21%~43%和15%~28%。施用改性生物质炭降低食真菌土壤线虫滑刃属（Aphelenchoides）丰度，而植物寄生性土壤线虫默林属（Merlinius）、针属（Paratylenchus）等占比均增至40%以上。土壤中线虫c-p2类群的比例大幅降低，而c-p3类群占比增加；自由生活线虫成熟指数减少，植物寄生类线虫成熟指数增加，表明不同营养类群、不同生活史的土壤线虫对重金属污染的反应特性不同。整体而言，连施不同年限处理间线虫群落变化不明显。以上表明，小麦籽粒镉含量在连续施用改性生物质炭4年达到最低，小麦籽粒铅含量施用改性生物质炭2年即可低于GB 2762—2017限值0.2 mg·kg^-1。施入改性生物质炭可调节线虫群落结构，从而影响土壤环境，在重金属污染土壤综合利用与修复方面具有较强的应用价值。

关键词: 改性生物质炭, 土壤重金属, 土壤线虫, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To study the effects of repeated application of modified biochar on cadmium and lead contaminated agricultural soil and nematode community， using modified biochar as the material， a located experiment was conducted for 2， 3， 4 and 5 years of continuous application of modified biochar. Cadmium and lead in wheat grains and soil were determined to explore the sustainability of its effect. Meanwhile， the effect of modified biochar on soil nematode community was studied by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the repeated application of modified biochar significantly reduced cadmium and lead in wheat grains and the available heavy metal in soil. The cadmium content in wheat grains decreased by 21%~35%， and lead content in grains declined by 27%~39%. For available cadmium and lead in soil， the contents decreased by 21%~43% and 15%~28%， respectively. The application of modified biochar could significantly reduce abundance of the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides， and the proportion of plant-parasitic soil nematodes Merlinius and Paratylenchus both increased to over 40%. The proportion of the c-p2 nematode group in soil decreased，while the c-p3 group increased. The free living nematode maturity index （MI） decreased， but the plant parasitic nematode maturity index （PPI） increased. It was indicated that the response of soil nematodes from different trophic groups or life histories to heavy metal stress were different. Overall， the community of nematodes among the different modified biomass treatments was relatively similar. The cadmium content in wheat grains could reach the minimum after 4 years of repeated application of modified biochar， and the lead content in wheat grains after 2 year biochar application could be lower than the limit of 0.2 mg·kg^-1 in GB 2762—2017. The application of modified biochar could affect the soil environment through the change of the nematode community structure， and it had strong application value in comprehensive utilization and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Key words: modified biochar, heavy metals in soil, soil nematodes, high throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

S154

马振华, 时倩茹, 宁欣杰, 魏宏杨, 王璨, 张静静, 张彪, 杨素勤. 生物质炭对镉铅污染土壤线虫群落的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(2): 201-210.

Zhenhua MA, Qianru SHI, Xinjie NING, Hongyang WEI, Can WANG, Jingjing ZHANG, Biao ZHANG, Suqin YANG. Effects of Modified Biochar on Soil Nematode Community in Cadmium and Lead Contaminated Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(2): 201-210.

图/表 7

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营养类型 Nutritional type	属名 Genus name	c-p值 c-p value	比例Proportion/%
营养类型 Nutritional type	属名 Genus name	c-p值 c-p value	CK	Y_15-16	Y_15-17	Y_15-18	Y_15-19
食细菌线虫 Ba	丽突属Acrobeles	2	0.03	0.11	0.00	0.01	0.03
	拟丽突属Acrobeloides	2	9.69	13.86	8.46	5.36	10.99
	无咽属Alaimus	4	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
	头叶属Cephalobus	2	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00
	真头叶属Eucephalobus	2	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.00	0.05
	真单宫属Eumonhystera	2	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.00
	Oscheius	1	0.61	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.00
	盆咽属Panagrolaimus	1	0.05	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.02
	绕线属Plectus	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	棱咽属Prismatolaimus	3	0.22	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.05
食真菌线虫Fu	滑刃属Aphelenchoides	2	72.54	10.31	0.23	2.08	6.34
	茎属Ditylenchus	2	0.07	0.15	0.17	0.01	0.56
	丝尾垫刃属Filenchus	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	细齿属Leptonchus	4	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
捕食/杂食性线虫Om	Allodorylaimus	4	0.00	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.02
	孔咽属Aporcelaimellus	5	2.37	5.28	5.60	5.47	5.74
	狭咽属Discolaimium	5	0.14	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	盘咽属Discolaimus	5	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00
	锯齿属Prionchulus	4	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00
	Trischistoma	3	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
植物寄生性线虫Pp	刺属Belonolaimus	5	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
	环属Criconema	3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	居中属Geocenamus	3	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
	螺旋属Helicotylenchus	3	0.20	0.02	0.04	0.00	0.03
	Irantylenchus	2	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.01
	默林属Merlinius	3	2.93	37.79	43.45	42.67	37.86
	针属Paratylenchus	2	2.02	26.48	33.34	41.88	34.70
	短体属Pratylenchus	3	0.06	0.10	0.08	0.02	0.06
	Sakia	2	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
	矮化属Tylenchorhynchus	3	0.25	0.01	0.62	0.00	0.02

营养类型 Nutritional type	属名 Genus name	c-p值 c-p value	比例Proportion/%
营养类型 Nutritional type	属名 Genus name	c-p值 c-p value	CK	Y_15-16	Y_15-17	Y_15-18	Y_15-19
食细菌线虫 Ba	丽突属Acrobeles	2	0.03	0.11	0.00	0.01	0.03
	拟丽突属Acrobeloides	2	9.69	13.86	8.46	5.36	10.99
	无咽属Alaimus	4	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
	头叶属Cephalobus	2	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00
	真头叶属Eucephalobus	2	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.00	0.05
	真单宫属Eumonhystera	2	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.00
	Oscheius	1	0.61	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.00
	盆咽属Panagrolaimus	1	0.05	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.02
	绕线属Plectus	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	棱咽属Prismatolaimus	3	0.22	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.05
食真菌线虫Fu	滑刃属Aphelenchoides	2	72.54	10.31	0.23	2.08	6.34
	茎属Ditylenchus	2	0.07	0.15	0.17	0.01	0.56
	丝尾垫刃属Filenchus	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	细齿属Leptonchus	4	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
捕食/杂食性线虫Om	Allodorylaimus	4	0.00	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.02
	孔咽属Aporcelaimellus	5	2.37	5.28	5.60	5.47	5.74
	狭咽属Discolaimium	5	0.14	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	盘咽属Discolaimus	5	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00
	锯齿属Prionchulus	4	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00
	Trischistoma	3	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
植物寄生性线虫Pp	刺属Belonolaimus	5	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
	环属Criconema	3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	居中属Geocenamus	3	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
	螺旋属Helicotylenchus	3	0.20	0.02	0.04	0.00	0.03
	Irantylenchus	2	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.01
	默林属Merlinius	3	2.93	37.79	43.45	42.67	37.86
	针属Paratylenchus	2	2.02	26.48	33.34	41.88	34.70
	短体属Pratylenchus	3	0.06	0.10	0.08	0.02	0.06
	Sakia	2	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
	矮化属Tylenchorhynchus	3	0.25	0.01	0.62	0.00	0.02

处理 Treatment	丰富度指数Abundance index		均匀度指数 Evenness index		多样性指数 Diversity index		自由生活线虫成熟指数MI	植物寄生性线虫成熟指数 PPI
处理 Treatment	Chao指数Chao index	Ace指数 Ace index	Simpsoneven指数Simpsoneven index	Shannoneven指数Shannoneven index	Simpson指数Simpson index	Shannon指数Shannon index	自由生活线虫成熟指数MI	植物寄生性线虫成熟指数 PPI
CK	22.8 a	24.0 a	0.085 b	0.34 b	0.55 a	1.06 b	1.79 a	0.14 b
Y_15-16	22.1 a	22.8 a	0.177 a	0.51 a	0.27 b	1.55 a	0.76 b	1.67 a
Y_15-17	21.5 a	23.6 a	0.149 a	0.43 ab	0.36 b	1.29 ab	0.47 b	1.99 a
Y_15-18	22.2 a	22.4 a	0.141 ab	0.41 ab	0.38 b	1.21 ab	0.43 b	2.12 a
Y_15-19	19.7 a	20.5 a	0.172 a	0.48 a	0.31 b	1.43 ab	0.65 b	1.83 a

处理 Treatment	丰富度指数Abundance index		均匀度指数 Evenness index		多样性指数 Diversity index		自由生活线虫成熟指数MI	植物寄生性线虫成熟指数 PPI
处理 Treatment	Chao指数Chao index	Ace指数 Ace index	Simpsoneven指数Simpsoneven index	Shannoneven指数Shannoneven index	Simpson指数Simpson index	Shannon指数Shannon index	自由生活线虫成熟指数MI	植物寄生性线虫成熟指数 PPI
CK	22.8 a	24.0 a	0.085 b	0.34 b	0.55 a	1.06 b	1.79 a	0.14 b
Y_15-16	22.1 a	22.8 a	0.177 a	0.51 a	0.27 b	1.55 a	0.76 b	1.67 a
Y_15-17	21.5 a	23.6 a	0.149 a	0.43 ab	0.36 b	1.29 ab	0.47 b	1.99 a
Y_15-18	22.2 a	22.4 a	0.141 ab	0.41 ab	0.38 b	1.21 ab	0.43 b	2.12 a
Y_15-19	19.7 a	20.5 a	0.172 a	0.48 a	0.31 b	1.43 ab	0.65 b	1.83 a

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