微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥对百合生长和光合特性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0704

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 221-229.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0704

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥对百合生长和光合特性的影响

吴小丹¹(), 高丽², 巩天耕¹, 孔祥凤¹, 姜雨舟¹, 贾桂霞¹()

^1.北京林业大学园林学院，花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室，国家花卉工程技术研究中心，城乡生态环境北京实验室，林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室，北京 100083
^2.北京花乡花木集团有限公司，北京 100067

收稿日期:2023-09-21 接受日期:2024-02-02 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-15
通讯作者: 贾桂霞
作者简介:吴小丹 E-mail：954510167@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家林草局科技成果推广项目（〔2019〕05）;国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000400)

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer and Humic Acid Compound Fertilizer on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Lilium

Xiaodan WU¹(), Li GAO², Tiangeng GONG¹, Xiangfeng KONG¹, Yuzhou JIANG¹, Guixia JIA¹()

^1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding，National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture，Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment，Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education，School of Landscape Architecture，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China
^2.Beijing Green Garden Group Co. ，Ltd. ，Beijing 100067，China

Received:2023-09-21 Accepted:2024-02-02 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-15
Contact: Guixia JIA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥对百合生长、光合特性及鳞茎品质的影响，并筛选适宜的施肥用量，以百合组培苗为材料，通过田间微区试验，设置8种处理，包括腐植酸复合肥10（F-1）、30（F-2）、50 g·m^-2（F-3），微生物菌肥30（J-1）、60（J-2）、90 g·m^-2（J-3），腐植酸复合肥30 g·m^-2+微生物菌肥30 g·m^-2（H）和清水对照（CK），对比分析不同处理对百合植株生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥不同程度地促进了百合地上和地下部分的生长发育，其中H处理显著增加了百合小鳞茎的周径、鲜重、根长、须根数和抽茎后植株的茎粗，分别是CK的1.76、3.78、1.61、1.85和1.58倍；施用微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥可显著提高百合叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率（net photosynthetic rate，P_n），其中，H处理的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量最高，分别是CK的2.31和2.64倍，J-2和J-3处理的P_n最大，分别较CK高148.72%、172.96%；微生物菌肥处理的气孔导度（stomatal conductance，G_s）、蒸腾速率（transpiration rate，T_r）和水分利用率（water use efficiency，WUE）显著高于CK，而胞间CO₂浓度（intercellular CO₂ concentration，C_i）显著降低，其中，J-2处理的G_s和T_r最高，分别较CK高50.00%和65.47%。施加微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥可有效提高百合鳞茎的蔗糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量，其中，F-3处理的蔗糖和蛋白质含量最高，J-3处理的淀粉含量最高，分别较CK增加17.97%、15.41%和9.20%。通过主成分分析和隶属函数得出，H处理下百合各指标的综合评价最好。综上所述，微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥可有效促进百合的生长发育和光合速率，提高鳞茎的产量和品质，二者配施对百合的生长效果最佳。研究结果为百合种球培育的施肥方法提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 百合, 微生物菌肥, 腐植酸复合肥, 鳞茎生长, 光合特性

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of microbial fertilizer and humic acid compound fertilizer on the growth， photosynthetic characteristics， and bulb quality of Lilium， and to determine suitable fertilization amounts， a field micro-plot experiment was conducted using Lilium tissue-cultured seedlings. 8 treatments were set up， including humic acid compound fertilizer at 10 （F-1）， 30 （F-2）， 50 g·m^-2 （F-3）， microbial fertilizer at 30 （J-1）， 60 （J-2）， 90 g·m^-2 （J-3）， humic acid compound fertilizer 30 g·m^-2+microbial fertilizer 30 g·m^-2 （H）， and a water control（CK）. The effects of different treatments on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Lilium plants were compared and analyzed. The results showed that， compared with CK， the application of microbial fertilizer and humic acid compound fertilizer promoted the growth and development of both the aboveground and underground parts of Lilium to varying degrees. Among them， the H treatment significantly increased the circumference， fresh weight， root length， number of lateral roots and stem thickness of Lilium bulbs， which were 1.76， 3.78， 1.61， 1.85 and 1.58 times that of CK， respectively. The application of microbial fertilizer and humic acid compound fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate （P_n） of Lilium， with the H treatment having the highest chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents， which were 2.31 and 2.64 times that of CK， respectively， and the P_n of J-2 and J-3 treatments being the highest， 148.72% and 172.96% higher than that of CK. The stomatal conductance （G_s）， transpiration rate （T_r） and water use efficiency （WUE） of the microbial fertilizer-treated plants were significantly increased compared to CK， while the intercellular CO₂ concentration （C_i） was significantly reduced， with the G_s and T_r of J-2 treatment being the highest， 50.00% and 65.47% higher than that of CK. The application of microbial fertilizer and humic acid compound fertilizer effectively increased the sucrose， starch， and soluble protein contents of Lilium bulbs， with the sucrose and protein contents of F-3 treatment being the highest， and the starch content of J-3 treatment being the highest， increasing by 17.97%， 15.41% and 9.20% compared to CK， respectively. Through principal component analysis and membership function analysis， it was concluded that the comprehensive evaluation of Lilium indicators was best under H treatment. In summary， microbial fertilizer and humic acid compound fertilizer could effectively promote the growth and photosynthetic rate of Lilium， and improve the yield and quality of bulbs. When both were combined， the growth effect on Lilium ws the best. Above results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the fertilization of Lilium bulbs.

Key words: Lilium, microbial fertilizer, humic acid compound fertilizer, bulb growth, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S682

吴小丹, 高丽, 巩天耕, 孔祥凤, 姜雨舟, 贾桂霞. 微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥对百合生长和光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 221-229.

Xiaodan WU, Li GAO, Tiangeng GONG, Xiangfeng KONG, Yuzhou JIANG, Guixia JIA. Effects of Microbial Fertilizer and Humic Acid Compound Fertilizer on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Lilium[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 221-229.

图/表 7

表1 施肥处理下百合地上和地下部的生长指标

Table 1 Growth indicators of Lilium aboveground and underground parts under fertilization treatments

处理 Treatment	叶片数 Leaves number	叶面积 Leaf area /cm²	根数 Roots number	根长 Root length/cm	须根数 Fibrous roots number	鳞茎周径 Bulb circumference/cm	鳞茎鲜重 Fresh bulb weight/g
CK	5.00±2.31	213.25±27.40 dC	9.00±1.16 bcA	6.02±0.80 cB	3.00±0.58 dC	4.36±0.38 cB	1.59±0.05 fD
F-1	5.00±2.31	311.40±83.37 bcAB	11.00±1.73 abcA	7.37±0.47 bcAB	16.00±1.00 cBC	5.74±1.25 bcAB	2.87±0.64 dCD
F-2	7.00±3.32	330.67±56.07 abcAB	7.00±2.65 cA	8.63±0.98 abA	30.00±4.36 bB	6.57±0.26 abAB	4.33±0.31 cABC
F-3	6.00±2.58	280.13±66.62 cB	14.00±5.69 aA	8.35±0.27 abAB	26.00±13.01 bcB	6.38±0.40 abAB	3.82±0.30 cdBC
J-1	5.00±2.90	314.64±59.03 bcAB	10.00±1.16 abcA	7.84±0.21 bAB	26.00±7.00 bcB	6.51±0.77 abAB	4.71±1.05 abcAB
J-2	7.00±2.43	352.37±55.15 abA	10.00±2.00 abcA	8.79±0.95 abA	23.00±7.81 bcB	7.18±0.57 abA	4.64±0.12 bcAB
J-3	6.00±2.17	380.29±56.21 aA	10.00±1.00 abcA	9.15±1.49 abA	33.00±4.73 bB	7.25±1.30 abA	5.79±1.08 abA
H	6.00±2.46	315.78±58.59 bcAB	14.00±3.51 abA	9.71±1.41 aA	49.00±5.03 aA	7.65±1.54 aA	6.01±0.90 aA

图1 不同施肥处理下百合的生长情况

Fig. 1 Growth status of Liliums under different fertilization treatments.

表2 施肥处理下第2年百合地上部的生长指标

Table 2 Growth indicators of Lilium aboveground parts in the second year under fertilization

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	现蕾率 Present bud rate/%
CK	39.71±1.87 fE	3.62±0.60 eD	13.2
F-1	46.83±1.48 eD	3.80±0.33 deD	16.3
F-2	56.13±1.63 aA	4.98±0.73 bB	21.3
F-3	53.64±1.92 bcBC	5.70±0.49 aA	30.1
J-1	52.39±1.76 cdBC	3.74±0.41 deD	14.9
J-2	54.08±0.92 bB	4.11±0.42 cdCD	18.9
J-3	53.04±1.33 bcBC	4.52±0.48 cBC	29.8
H	52.04±1.43 dC	5.71±0.59 aA	33.9

图2 施肥处理下百合叶片的叶绿素含量注：同一指标中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Chlorophyll contents of Lilium leaves under fertilization treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表3 施肥处理下百合植株的光合指标

Table 3 Photosynthetic indexes of Lilium plants under fertilization treatments

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n/（μmol·m²·s^-¹）	气孔导度 G_s/（μmol·m²·s^-¹）	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i/（μmol·mol^-¹）	蒸腾速率 T_r/（mmol·m²·s^-¹）	水分利用效率 WUE/（µmol·mmol^-1）
CK	3.92±0.38 c	0.10±0.01 c	322.63±3.01 a	3.62±0.63 bc	1.14±0.44 b
F-1	6.03±0.92 b	0.10±0.04 c	278.24±36.91 ab	3.47±0.83 bc	1.78±0.26 ab
F-2	6.25±0.71 b	0.11±0.03 ab	289.47±38.20 ab	3.77±0.84 bc	1.72±0.40 ab
F-3	6.58±0.95 b	0.09±0.02 c	252.99±18.56 bc	3.47±0.87 bc	1.94±0.29 ab
J-1	7.34±0.75 b	0.11±0.04 ab	264.66±54.99 bc	3.08±1.02 c	2.67±1.22 a
J-2	9.75±1.66 a	0.15±0.03 a	268.09±10.38 bc	5.99±1.04 a	1.64±0.15 ab
J-3	10.70±2.59 a	0.12±0.03 ab	226.82±44.28 c	4.67±1.56 b	2.62±1.36 a
H	6.67±1.00 b	0.10±0.02 c	273.74±26.27 bc	2.89±0.78 c	2.40±0.45 a

图3 不同施肥处理下百合鳞茎的蔗糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量注：同一指标中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.3 Sucrose， starch and protein contents of Lilium bulbs under fertilization treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表4 不同施肥处理的综合性评价

Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation of different fertilization treatments

处理 Treatment	$X$ ：综合指标值 Value of composite indicator			$u$ ：隶属函数值 Value of the affiliation function			D：综合得分 Composite score	排序 Ranking
处理 Treatment	$X 1$	$X 2$	$X 3$	$u X 1$	$u X 2$	$u X 3$	D：综合得分 Composite score	排序 Ranking
CK	-2.04	0.19	-0.20	2.04	1.88	5.23	2.28	8
F-1	-0.76	0.18	0.74	3.39	1.88	6.49	3.37	7
F-2	0.19	-0.14	-2.34	4.37	1.68	2.34	3.70	5
F-3	0.48	1.67	0.52	4.68	2.77	6.20	4.45	2
J-1	-0.21	-0.89	0.64	3.96	1.24	6.35	3.65	6
J-2	0.52	-0.98	0.15	4.71	1.18	5.69	4.14	4
J-3	0.86	-1.11	0.50	5.07	1.11	6.17	4.42	3
H	0.96	1.07	-0.03	5.17	2.40	5.45	4.68	1

表4 不同施肥处理的综合性评价

Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation of different fertilization treatments

处理 Treatment	$X$ ：综合指标值 Value of composite indicator			$u$ ：隶属函数值 Value of the affiliation function			D：综合得分 Composite score	排序 Ranking
处理 Treatment	$X 1$	$X 2$	$X 3$	$u X 1$	$u X 2$	$u X 3$	D：综合得分 Composite score	排序 Ranking
CK	-2.04	0.19	-0.20	2.04	1.88	5.23	2.28	8
F-1	-0.76	0.18	0.74	3.39	1.88	6.49	3.37	7
F-2	0.19	-0.14	-2.34	4.37	1.68	2.34	3.70	5
F-3	0.48	1.67	0.52	4.68	2.77	6.20	4.45	2
J-1	-0.21	-0.89	0.64	3.96	1.24	6.35	3.65	6
J-2	0.52	-0.98	0.15	4.71	1.18	5.69	4.14	4
J-3	0.86	-1.11	0.50	5.07	1.11	6.17	4.42	3
H	0.96	1.07	-0.03	5.17	2.40	5.45	4.68	1

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微生物菌肥和腐植酸复合肥对百合生长和光合特性的影响

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer and Humic Acid Compound Fertilizer on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Lilium

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