Abstract: The rice production area in China is widely distributed with great differences in production environment and condition. Changes of different degrees have taken place in farmer household’s annual rice production scale, production input, production environment and conditions. At the same time, the national rice policies were also changed. In 2015, investigation was carried out  based on 1 540 farmer households in Hunan, Zhejiang and Heilongjiang Provincies, compared the quota varied differences of each production factor in different years, and studied the effect of rice production environment and condition factors on rice yield, so as to better understand the nature & degree intrinsic effect on rice production. By comparison, it was found that the main factors of rice production  presented variation features of different degrees. There were significant correlation between rice yield and whether planting super rice variety, rice production environment and rice production conditions. Among all factors affecting rice production, at  P<0.01  level, 3 factors had significant correlation with rice yield: whether rice grower satisfied with rice variety, were they willing to plant super rice variety, were they satisfied with rice policies and measures. At  P<0.05  level, besides above 3 factors, there were significant relations between rice yield and 5 factors: rice plantation scale, soil fertility level, basic irrigation and water conservancy conditions, water guarantee of peddy fields and degree of mechanization. Based on analysis and study, this paper put forward conclusions and suggestions for improving rice variety, vigorously developing super rice, improving production condition, and keeping the continuity of policies and measures.

Key words: rice, environment factor, change feature, conclusion and suggestion

摘要： 中国水稻生产地域分布广，生产环境与条件因素差异大，农户年度水稻生产规模、生产投入、生产环境与条件及国家的水稻政策也发生着不同的变化。 2015年，对湖南、浙江、黑龙江三省的1 540农户进行了调研，比较了不同年度间各生产因素的变动差异，研究水稻生产环境与条件因子对水稻产量的影响，更好地发现水稻生产内在的影响性质与影响程度。通过比较发现：水稻生产的主要因素呈现出不同程度的变动特征；水稻产量与是否种植超级稻品种、水稻生产环境、水稻生产条件等各因素存在着显著的相关关系，在影响水稻产量因素中，在P<0.01水平下，稻农对水稻品种的满意度、农民是否种植超级稻品种、农民对水稻政策与措施的满意度3因素与水稻产量呈现显著的相关关系，在P<0.05水平下，除上述三因素外，水稻种植规模、稻田土壤肥力水平、农田水利基本条件、稻田用水保障、机械化程度5因素与产量存在着显著关系；在分析与研究的基础上提出改良水稻品种、大力发展超级稻、改善生产条件、保持政策与措施持续性的结论与建议。

关键词: 水稻, 环境因子, 变动特征, 建议