Abstract: Under the natural ecological conditions in Southern Xinjiang, this paper took the cultivar ‘Zhongmiansuo 88’ as research material. A single factor random block design was used with six planting densities treatments: 90 000 plants·hm^-2(P1), 120 000 plants·hm^-2(P2), 150 000 plants·hm^-2(P3) 180 000 plants·hm^-2(P4), 210 000 plants·hm^-2(P5) and 240 000 plants·hm^-2(P6) to study responses of cotton plant height, daily increase of stem, stem diameter, fruit node/fruit branches ratio, leaf area index(LAI), canopy openness, leaf angle and yield to planting density under the plant pattern with one film and six rows. The results showed that: increasing the density significantly reduced the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area per plant, canopy openness and fruit node/fruit branches ratio (P<0.05) of the cotton. Before the initial flowering period, the daily increase of stem was the greater the density and the higher it was, while opposite tendency was after the initial flowering period, the LAI of all treatments reached peak value at the initial full boll period, and the highest was 4.74 in P4 treatment. The leaf inclination angle increased with density increasing, different treatment ranged from 30.0° to 46.9°. Both the seed cotton and lint yields all reached the highest in P5 treatment, which were 6 272.79 and 2 874.82 kg·hm^-2, respectively, but there was no significant difference from P3 and P4 treatment. In summary, with well cotton morphological structure and the higher yield, 150 000 to 180 000 plants·hm^-2 was the proper range planting density of cotton in southern Xinjiang under the planting pattern with one film and six rows.

Key words: Xinjiang, machine picked cotton, planting density, morphological structure, yield

摘要： 在新疆南疆地区自然生态条件下，以中棉所88号为试验材料，采用单因素随机区组试验设计，设置6个种植密度（P1：9万株·hm^-2，P2：12万株·hm^-2，P3：15万株·hm^-2，P4：18万株·hm^-2、P5：21万株·hm^-2，P6：24万株·hm^-2），研究了一膜六行机采棉模式下棉花株高、主茎日增长量、茎粗、节枝比、叶面积指数（leaf area index，LAI）、冠层开度、叶倾角和产量对种植密度的响应。结果表明：增大密度显著降低了棉花的株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、冠层开度及节枝比（P<0.05）；主茎日增量在初花期以前为密度越大其越高，初花期后则反之；各处理LAI均在盛铃前期达到峰值，以P4处理最高为4.74；叶倾角则随密度增大而增大，各处理在30.0°～46.9°浮动；籽棉及皮棉产量均在P5处理达到最高，分别为6 272.79 kg·hm^-2和2 874.82 kg·hm-²但其与P3、P4处理均无显著差异。综上得出，在一膜六行机采模式下，南疆棉花的种植密度在15万～18万株·hm^-2范围内，棉花株型及冠层结构良好，产量较高。

关键词: 新疆, 机采棉, 种植密度, 形态结构, 产量