Operating Performance of Self-propelled Silage Cassava Stem and Leaf Harvester

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0392

Abstract

Abstract:

Cassava stem and leaf have important silage value， the field performance of 4JMG-190 self-propelled cassava stem and leaf silage harvester was studied to solve the current low level of mechanized harvesting of cassava stems and leaves silage. Using binary quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combined design test method， the regression equations were established between disc cutter speed and forward speed with loss rate and breakage rate. The anahysis of variance showed that disc cutter speed and forward speed had extremely significant influence on loss rate and breakage rate. The minimum loss rate parameter combination conditions were the disc cutter speed 500 r·min^-1 and the forward speed 2.6 km·h^-1， under which the theoretical loss rate was 10.04%， and the theoretical breakage rate was 6.19%. The minimum loss rate parameter combination was tested through the verification test， and the results showed that the relative error between the actual and theoretical values of the loss rate and the broken head rate were both within 5%， and the optimization results were reliable. The harvester could meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting of cassava stem and leaf silage， and the combination of the lowest loss rate parameters provided references for its field operation parameters.

Key words: feed, cassava, stem and leaf, silage, harvester

摘要：

木薯茎叶具有重要的青贮饲料价值，为了解决目前木薯茎叶青贮饲料机械化收获水平低问题，针对4JMG-190型自走式木薯茎叶青贮饲料收获机的田间作业性能进行研究。采用二元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法，建立了圆盘割刀转速和前进速度与损失率和破头率的回归方程，方差分析结果表明圆盘割刀转速和前进速度对损失率和破头率具有极显著影响，确定了最低损失率参数组合条件为圆盘割刀转速为500 r·min^-1，前进速度为2.6 km·h^-1，在此条件下，理论损失率为10.04%，理论破头率为6.19%。通过验证试验对最低损失率参数组合进行检验，结果表明，损失率和破头率实际值与理论值的相对误差都在5%以内，优化结果可靠。该收获机满足木薯茎叶青贮饲料机械化收获作业要求，最低损失率参数组合可为其田间作业参数提供参考。

关键词: 饲料, 木薯, 茎叶, 青贮, 收获机

CLC Number:

S225.8

Fengguang HE, Ganran DENG, Zhende CUI, Shuang ZHENG, Guojie LI, Ling LI, Shuangmei QIN. Operating Performance of Self-propelled Silage Cassava Stem and Leaf Harvester[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 109-115.

何冯光, 邓干然, 崔振德, 郑爽, 李国杰, 李玲, 覃双眉. 自走式木薯茎叶青贮饲料收获机作业性能研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 109-115.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Structure of self-propelled cassava stems and leaves silage harvesterNote：1—Collection bucket； 2—Oil tank； 3—Frame； 4—Steering wheel； 5—Engine； 6—Throwing system； 7—Chopper unit； 8—Driving wheel； 9—Conveying system； 10—Hydraulic lifting； 11—Disc cutter； 12—Pallet disc； 13—Header assembly； 14—Actuating system； 15—Wheelhouse.

Table 1 Factors level

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	x₁：圆盘割刀转速Speed of disc cutter/（r·min^-1）	x₂：前进速度Forward speed/（km·h^-1）
+γ	585	3.0
+1	581	2.9
0	535	2.0
-1	489	1.1
-γ	485	1.0
Δi	46	0.9

Table 2 Test result

试验号Code	试验因素 Factor		$y 1$ ：损失率 Loss rate/%	$y 2$ ：宿根破头率 Root break rate/%
试验号Code	x₁：圆盘割刀转速 Speed of disc cutter /（r·min^-1）	x₂：前进速度 Forward speed/（km·h^-1）	$y 1$ ：损失率 Loss rate/%	$y 2$ ：宿根破头率 Root break rate/%
1	581	2.9	11.01	10.78
2	581	1.1	11.95	8.48
3	489	2.9	10.11	5.39
4	489	1.1	10.45	3.15
5	585	1.0	11.42	9.97
6	585	2.0	10.09	4.13
7	535	3.0	10.19	7.59
8	535	1.0	10.92	5.12
9	535	2.0	10.41	6.39
10	535	2.0	10.39	6.36

Table 2 Test result

试验号Code	试验因素 Factor		$y 1$ ：损失率 Loss rate/%	$y 2$ ：宿根破头率 Root break rate/%
试验号Code	x₁：圆盘割刀转速 Speed of disc cutter /（r·min^-1）	x₂：前进速度 Forward speed/（km·h^-1）	$y 1$ ：损失率 Loss rate/%	$y 2$ ：宿根破头率 Root break rate/%
1	581	2.9	11.01	10.78
2	581	1.1	11.95	8.48
3	489	2.9	10.11	5.39
4	489	1.1	10.45	3.15
5	585	1.0	11.42	9.97
6	585	2.0	10.09	4.13
7	535	3.0	10.19	7.59
8	535	1.0	10.92	5.12
9	535	2.0	10.41	6.39
10	535	2.0	10.39	6.36

Table 3 Variance analysis of loss rate

方差来源

Variance

自由度

Degree of freedom

平方和

Quadratic sum

均方

Mean square

显著性

Significance

Table 4 Significant test results of regression coefficient for loss rate

项目 Item	自由度 Degree of reedom	平方和 Quadratic sum	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
x₁	1	61 828.877 34	61 828.877 34	81 353 785.976 75	0.000 04	**
x₂	1	30.552 33	30.552 33	40 200.430 92	0.000 07	**
x₁²	1	20 523.526 59	20 523.526 59	27 004 640.252 67	0.013 79	*
x₁x₂	1	170.482 10	170.482 10	224 318.547 29	0.000 04	**
x₂²	1	10.412 37	10.412 37	13 700.492 49	0.000 41	**

Fig. 2 Response surface of the loss rate

Table 5 Variance analysis of root broken rate

方差来源

Variance

自由度

Degree of freedom

平方和

Quadratic sum

均方

Mean square

显著性

Significance

Table 6 Significant test results of regression coefficient for root broken rate

项目 Item	自由度 Degree of reedom	平方和 Quadratic sum	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
x₁	1	161 335.203 65	161 335.203 65	375 198 148.020 82	0.000 00	**
x₂	1	53.422 71	53.422 71	124 238.868 91	0.001 76	**
x₁²	1	66 044.184 81	66 044.184 81	153 591 127.468 75	0.000 00	**
x₁x₂	1	1.686 04	1.686 04	3 921.012 09	0.218 99	—
x₂²	1	0.015 64	0.015 64	36.382 87	0.650 94	—

Fig. 3 Response surface of the root break rate

Table 7 Verification results

试验号 Number	试验因素Experimental factor		损失率 Loss rate/%	宿根破头率 Root break rate/%
试验号 Number	圆盘割刀转速 Speed of disc cutter/（r·min^-1）	前进速度 Forward speed/（km·h^-1）	损失率 Loss rate/%	宿根破头率 Root break rate/%
1	500	2.6	10.15	6.53
2			10.22	6.44
3			10.18	6.35

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